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A NEW MAP AND GAZETTEER 

OF THE 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 

Sngraved on Steel. 
PUBLISHED BY SHERMAN & SMITH, 

122 Broadway, corner of Cedar street, New York. 



This is the Largest and most Complete Map of the United States 
ever pubhshed, being about 6 feet by 7, showing the Base, 
Meridian, and Township Lines of the United States Sur- 
veys, the Land allotted to the different Indian Tribes 
west of the Mississippi River— Also, the Dis- 
tricts and Township Lines of Canada : 

ALL BEING COMPILED FROM THE MOST RECENT SURVEYS, AND OTHER 
AUTHENTIC SOURCES. 



The above WorR obtained the highest Premium at the late Fair 
of the American Institute. 



THIS MAP IS ACCOMPANIED BY A NEW 

GAZETTEER OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

Describing, particularly, the United States and its Topography ; con- 
taining a minute description of over six thousand more Counties, 
Towns, Post-offices, etc., than are found in any preceding Gazetteer. 
The authors and compilers have used every available means within 
their power, and have had Agents and Correspondents in every part 
of the United States, for the last four years, gathering informatioa 
for its compilation. 



RECOMMENDATIONS : 

Recommendation of the Regents of the University of the State of 
J\tew York. 
At a meeting of the Regents of the University, held March 12, 1844, 
the Standing Committee on the appropriation of moneys for the pur- 
chase of books and apparatus, reported that the Map of the United 
States, published by Sherman & Smith, is well worthy of patronage ; 
and they therefore recommend that it, and the Gazetteer of the United 
States, be placed on the list of books recommended to be purchased by 
academies. 
Which report was unanimously agreed to. (A copy.) 

(Signed,) T. ROMEYN BECK, Sec'y. 



FVom the JVew York Commercial Advertiser. 
By far the most complete Gazetteer of the Republic that has ever 
been published ; and, we have reason to believe, nearly as perfect as 
is possible for such a compilation to be made. 



Report of the Committee of the American Institute of the City of 
JsTew York, on 

"A Complete Descriptive and Statistical GAZETTEER OF THE 
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, with an Abstract of the Census 
of 1840. By Daniel Haskel, A. M., late President of the University 
of Vermont, and J. Calvin Smith, Geographer, and author of a New 
Map of the United States, &c." 

The Committee respectfully recommend the above entitled work to 
the favorable notice of the Institute, as one exhibiting great labor and 
industry, directed with much intelligence and method to a highly use- 
ful object. The Committee feel warranted in asserting their belief that 
it will be found to contain the most authentic account of the existing 
Geography of the United States, that can be found in any one book. 
Signed by the Committee : 

JAMES RENWICK, 
Prof, of Nat. Phil, and Chem. in Columbia College, N. Y, 

EDWIN WILLIAMS, 
Author N. Y. Ann. Register. 
WILLIAM SERRILL. 



From the JVew York Courier (S- Enquirer 

Messrs. Sherman & Smith, 122 Broadway, have just completed the 
noblest Map of the United States that has yet been published, and one 
which will do equal honor to the enterprising and ingenious men who 
have expended so much money and labor in its execution, and to the 
country. As a work of mere art, it is exceedingly beautiful ; but as an 
accurate and faithful delineation of the country, in all its aspects, geo- 
graphical and political, it is entitled to the very highest praise. 



From the Jfew York Tribune. 

We have no other Gazetteer in this country at all comparable with 
this, whether for comprehensiveness or correctness. In no other work 
in existence can so large an amount of minute, accurate, and desirable 
information be found, nor in any collection of works, at a price compa- 
rable with this. 



From Hunt's Merchants^ Magazine, Jfew York. 

The design of this work is to exhibit the present condition of the 
United States — its progress in agriculture, in commerce, in manufac- 
tures, and in general improvement ; and well and truly is this design 
accomplished. It is, without exception, the best work of the kind 
extant. 



From the J^ew York Observer. 

The authors and compilers are among the most competent to their 

task, possessing great facilities for the preparation of such a work, and 

the volume is the result of very mature and laborious investigation and 

inquiry 







H I G H LA N D b , 



THE 



ILLUSTRATED HAND-BOOK, 

A 

5f£tt) @mlre for ^xavtkxs 



THROUGH THE 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: 



CONTAINING 



DESOTllPTION OF THE STATES, CITIES, TOWNS, VILLAGES, WATEIUNG 

TLACES, COLLEGES, ETC., ETC. ; WITH THE RAILROAD, STAGE, 

AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, THE DISTANCES FROM PLACE 

TO PLACE, AND THE FARES ON THE GREAT 

TRAVELING ROUTES. 

TEmhzmsm iMitD 125 IjiaDlS fmis^etr iBitflrabitifiS. 

ACCOMPANIED BY 

A LARGE AND itCCURATE MAP. 
BY 3} CALVIN SMITH. 




NEW YORK: 
PUBLISHED BY SHERMAN & SMITH, 

135 Broadway, n. w. cor. Cedar-street 

1851. 






To Publishers. — The proprietors of this work, having been at 
great expense in collecting the matter contained in this volume, which 
is mostly original, would respectfully remind persons who are getting 
up similar pubUcations, that the copyright has been regularly secm-ed 
according to the Act of the United States Congress. 

To Booksellers and Dealers. — Any person or .persons selling 
copies of a work which is an infringement of an existing copyright, 
are liable to a fine on each copy sold by them. 

Persons purchasing copies of a foreign pubUcation which is an in- 
fringement of this work, aie reminded that such copies are liable to 
seizure and forfeiture at the Custom House. 

SHERMAN & SMITH. 



48 65 55 

JUL 1 7 1942 



Entered according' to Act of Congress, in the year 1846, by 

SHERMAN & SMITH, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Unitei States for the Southern 

District of New York. 



T. J. STAFFORD, Printer 
New-Haven, Ct 



PREFACE 



In presenting to the public a work like the present, it is ex- 
pected that the compiler should give some account of the grounds 
on which he rests his claim to attention. The materials for this 
little volume have mostly been drawn from official documents and 
from information procured by agents who have travelled over 
most of the territory herein described, and it will hence be found 
as perfect as it is possible for a work of this character to be made. 
The illustrations, which are mostly original, or have been carefully 
selected from the most faithful representations, are engraved 
in the best style by eminent artists, and will bear comparison 
with the most finished specimens of the art. They exhibit views 
of the most remarkable natural scenery, cities, colleges, &c 
These engravings will be found of great utility, conveying as 
they do a far better idea of the objects than could be derived 
from the most labored description. The directions for Travellers, 
printed in italics, and following the description of each place, 
will prove very useful, especially the time of arrival and de- 
parture of cars, steamboats, and stages at and from each place ;— 
these, with the prices of fare, have been arranged with the greatest 
care, and may be relied upon for their accuracy. The Railroads, 
with the Depots, and the distances between them, are shown in 
the Tables of Routes, and will also be found, together with all the 
Steamboat and Stage Routes, accurately delineated on the ac- 
companying Map. Great labor has been bestowed in collating 
and adjusting, in the most minute manner, on the Map, a larger 
amount of correct information than can be found in any similar 
work, in so condensed a form. 



INDEX. 



Abbe wile, S. C, 176, 178 
Abiiig-don, Va., 112, 133. 
Accoraac, Va., 128. 
Ailams, Mass., 66. 
Adrian, Mioli., 199, 215, 216. 
Akron, O., 119, 135. 
ALABAMA, state of, 153. 
Albany, N. Y., 53, 69, 73, 74, 75, 79. 
Albion, Mich., 215. 
Alburg Springs, Vt., 22. 
Alexandria, D. C, 104, 129. 
Alexandria, La., 164, 182. 
Alton, HI., 201, 216, 226. 
Allentown, Pa., 124, 126. 
AUyp-'s Point, Conn., 70. 
Amherst, Mass., 33, 66. 
Amherst, N. H., 64. 
Andover. Mass., 23, 61. 
Angelica, N. Y., 72, 78. 
Annapolis, Md., 98, 129. 
Ann Arbor, Mich., 198, 215. 
Apalachicola, Flor., 153, 179. 
Aquackanonck, N. J., 72, 82. 
Archidel_phia, Ark., 182. 
ARKANSAS, state of, 168. 
Arkansas Post, Ark., 169, 183. 
Ashtabula, O., 127, 134. 
AshviUe, N. C, 142, 173, 185. 
Astoria, Oregon, 22L 
Athens, Pa., 72. 
Athens, O., 118, 135. 
Athens, Ala., 156, 181. 
Atnens, Ga., 148, 177, 178. 
Attica, N. Y., 74, 79. 
Atlanta, Ga., 177, 186, 187. 
Auburn, N. Y., 56, 74, 77, 79 
Augusta, Me., 14, 62. 
Augusta, Ga., 148, 176, 178. 
Augusta, Ky., 190. 
Augusta Springs, Va., UO. 
Austin, Texas, 166, 182. 
Avon Springs, N. Y., 57. 

Bainbndge, N. Y., 77. 

Bainbridg-e, Ga., 178, 179. 

Balcony Falls, Va., 133. 

Balize, La., 225. 

Ballston, N. Y., 54, 74. 

Baltimore, Md., 97,74, 125, 126, 128, 

134, 137. 
Bangor, Me., 15, 62. 
Barcelona, N. Y., 72, 76. 
Bardstown, Ky., 191,212. 
Barnstable, Mass., 67. 
Bastrop, Texas, 167, 183. 
Batavia, N. Y., 58, 78, 79. 
Bath, Me., 16. 
Bath.Va.. 131. 
Bath, N. Y., 72, 77. 
Baton Rouge, La., 161, 182, 226. 
Beaufort, ^f. G., 140, 173, 174. 
Beaufort, S. C., 176. 
Beaver, Pa., 90, 127, 134. 
Bedford Springs, Pa., 89. 
Bellefontaine.O., 121, 137. 
feellafonte, Pa., 124, 126. 



129, 



Belleville, 111., 216. 

Belfast, Me., 16, 62. 

Bellows Falls, Vt., 22, 65. 

Bennington, Vt., 22, 65, 74. 

Berkely Springs, Va., 109. 

Berrien Springs Mich., 21G. 

Berwick, Pa., 124. 

Binghamton, 60, 72, 75. 

Blooraington, la.. 195. 

Bloomington, Iowa, 212, 213. 

Blossburg, Pa., 123. 

BlountsviUe, Tenn., 133, 184. 

Blue Sulphur Springs, Va., HI, 133. 

Blue Lick Springs, Ky., 190. 

Bolivar, Tenn., 186, 187. 

Boniar Springs, Tenn., 186. 

Bonham, Texas, 183. 

Booneviile, Mo., 206, 227. 

Bordentown, N. J., 83,122. 

Boston, Mass., 25, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70, 

71, 74. 
Botetourt Springs, Va., 112. 
Bowlino- Green, Ky., 192,185,212. 
Bowling Green, Mo., 220. 
Bradford Springs, S. C., 1 75. 
Branchville, S. C., 176, 177. 
Bratdeboro, Vt., 22, 64, 65. 
Brazoria, Texas, 167, 183. 
Bridgeport, Conn., 39, 70, 71. 
Bringiers, La., 182. 
Bristol, R. I., 35. 
Bristol, Pa., 93. 
Brooklyn, N. Y., 47, 70. 
Brookville, la., 214. 
Brownsville, Me., 62. 
Brownsville, Pa., 127, 130. 
Brunswick, Me., 16, 61. 
Bucyrus, O., 135. 

BuSalo, N. Y., 68, 74, 78,79, 127, 134, 289. 
Burlington, Vt., 21, 64, 71, 75, 
Burlington, N. J., 83. 
Burlington, Iowa, 210, 219, 220, 226. 
Butler, Pa., 126. 

Cahawba, Ala., 156, 180. 
Calais, Me., 16,61. 
Caldwell, N.Y., 55,74. 
Cambridge, Mass., 28, 64. 
Cambridge, Md., 128. 
Cambridge, O., 117, 130. 
Camden, N. J., 83, 122. 
Camden, S. C, 145, 175. 
Canals in the United States, 229. 
Canajoharie, N. Y., 75. 
Canaan, Conn., 69. 
Canandaigua, N. Y., 57, 74, 77. 
Cannonsburg, Pa., 90. 
Canton, N. Y., 79. 
Cape Island, N. J., 83, 123. 
Cape Girardeau, Mo., 207,216. 
Cape Vincent, N. Y., 76. 
Carbondale, Pa., 93, 12.'i. 
Carlisle, Pa., 88, 124, 126. 
Carlisle Sulphur Springs, 88. 
Castine, Me., 16, 62. 
Castlcton, Vt., 22. 



8 



INDEX. 



Catskill.N. y., 59, 71, 75. 

Ceiureville, la., 213. 

Centreville, Mii., 128. 

Centreville, Mich., 216. 

Cerulian Spring-s, Ky., 185. 

Chambersburg-, Pa., 88, 124, 126, 129. 

Chapel Hill, N. C, 141, 173, 186. 

Chariton, Mo., 227. 

Charleston, S. C, 131, 144, 175, 176, 180. 

Charlestown, Mass., 27. 

Charlestown, N. H., 64. 

Charlestown, Va., 109. 

Charlotte, N. C, 141, 175. 

Charlottesville, Va., 108,131 

Chattahoochee, Flor., 179. 

Chattanoog-a, Tenn., 186. 

Cherry Valley, N. Y., 75. 

Chester, Pa., 94, 125. 

Chestertown, Pa., 99. 

Chesterville, S. C, 145. 

Cheraw, S. C, 145, 174, 175. 

Chicag-o, 111., 202, 207, 219, 230 

Chillicothe.O., 118, 135. 

Chilhowee, 112. 

Christiansburg-, Kv., 123. 

Cincinnati,0., 1 1 5,130, 134,135,136, 137, 214. 

Circleville, O., 118, 135, 136. 

Clarendon Spring's, Vt., 64. 

Clarksburg, Va., 127, 130. 

Clarksville, Ga., 149, 175, 178. 

Clarksville, Tenn., 172,219. 

Cleveland, O., 119, 78, 127, 134, 137 

Clifton Springs, 57. 

Cloverport, Ky., 192. 

Coffeeville, Miss., 180, 184. 

Coldwater, Mich., 215, 218. 

Columbia, S. C, 143, 174, 176, 179. 

Columbia, Pa., 128. 

Columbia, Ark., 225. 

Columbia, Tenn., 71. 

Columbia, Mo., 206. 

Columbus, O., 117, 130, 134, 135, 136. 

Columbus, Ga., 149, 176, 177, 179. 

Columbus, Miss., 159, 180, 184. 

Columbus, Ky., 185, 192, 213, 224. 

Concord, N. H., 19, 63, 64. 

Concord, Mass., 29. 

Conhocton, N. Y., 77. 

Conneaut, O., 78, 134. 

CONNECTICUT, state of, 35. 

Conway, N. H., 63. 

Cooper'stown, N. Y., 60, 77. 

Corning, N. Y., 72, 77, 123. 

Cortland Village, N. Y., 77. 

Corpus Christi, Texas, 167, 183. 

Coshocton, O., 120, 135. 

Cotton Gitiport, Mies., 184, 187. 

Covington, la., 214. 

Covington, Ga., 177. 

Coving-ton, Kv., 190. 

Council Bluffs', 227. 

Crawfordsviile, Ga., 177. 

Crawfordsville, la., 19.5, 213. 

Crown Point, N. Y., 71. 

Cumberland, Md., 100, 128, 130, i36 137. 

Cumberland Gap, Tenn., 186, 211. 

Cuyahoga Falls, 119. 

Dacota. 

Dahlonega, Ga., 149, 176, 178. 
Danbury, Conn., 71, 78. 
Dandridg-e, Teuii., 186. 



Danville, Va., 133, 1?3 

Danville, Ky., 191. 

DansviUe, N. Y., 72. 

Darien, Ga., 177, 178. 

Davenport, Iowa, 219. 

Dayton, O., 121, 135,213. 

Decatur, Ala., 181. 

Defiance, O., 233. 

DELAWARE, state of, 94. 

Delaware City, Del., 95. 

Delhi, N.Y., 75. 

Delphi, la., 214. 

Deraopolis, Ala., 155, 180. 

Derby, Vt., 65. 

Detroit, Mich., 78, 131, 198, 215. 218. 

Dixon, 111., 216, 219. 

Donaldsonville, La., 163, 182. 

Dover, N. H., 19, 61. 

Dover, Del., 95. 127. 

Dover, N. J., 122. 

Doylestown, Pa., 123. 

Drennon's Lick Springs, Ky., 198. 

Dunkirk, N. Y., 72. 

Dubuque, Iowa, 210,219. 

Duibury, Mass., 67. 

Easton, Pa., 93, 122, 125, 126. 
Easton, Md., 99. 
Eastport, Me., 16, 61. 
Easiville, Va., 128. 
Eaton, O., 135, 213. 
Ebensburg, Pa., 124. 
Edenton.N. C, 133,140, 174. 
Edwardsville, 111., 217. 
Elizabeth City, N. C, 140. 
Elizabethtowii, N. J., 81, 122, 125, 
Elkton, Md., 99, 125. 
Elmira, N. Y., 60, 72, 77. 
Ellicottsville, N. Y., 78. 
Ellsworth, Me., 62. 
Elyria, O., 120, 134. 
Emmettsburg, Md., 99. 
Erie, Pa., 78, 90, 1S4, 126, 127, 134. 
EstiUville, Va., 112. 
Eufaula, Ala., 155, 179. 
Evansville, la., 195,214. 
Exeter, N. H., 20, 63. 

Fairfield, Conn., 71. 

Fall River, Mass., 32, 68. 

Falmouth, Mass., 67. 

Farmville, Va., 109, 132. 

Farming-ton, Conn., 70. 

Fauquier White Sulphur Springs, Va.. 1 38. 

Fayetteville, Mo., 220. 

Fayetteville, N. C, 140, 174, 175. 

Fayetteville, Ark., 184. 

Fincastle, Va., 112, 133. 

Fitchburg, Mass., 66. 

FLORIDA, state of, 150. 

Florence, Ala., 156, 181, 182, 185. 

Forsyth, Ga., 178. 

Fort Gibson, Ark., 182, 183. 

Fort Leavenworth, Mo., 227. 

Fort Madison, Iowa, 210,217, 219 

Fort Smith, Ark., 182. 

Fort Snelling, Wis., 226. 

Fort Towson, Ark., 183 

Fort Wayne, la., 196, 233. 

Fort Winnebago, 219. 

Frankfort, Ky., 189, 212. 

Franklin, Pa., 126. 



INDEX. 



Franklin, Tenn., 172. 
Frederick, MU., 99, 128. 
Fredericksburg, Va., 108, 132, 174. 
Frederickstown, Mo., 221. 
Fredonia, N. Y., 78. 
Fredonia, la., 214. 
Freehold, N. J., 83. 
Fryeburg, Me., 16, 62. 
Fulton, Mo., 206, 220. 

Gainesville, Ala., 155, 180, 184. 
Galena, 111., 203, 216, 218. 
Gallipolis, O., 118, 135. 
Galveston, Texas, 166, 183. 
Garysburg-, N. C, 174. 
Geneseo, N. Y., 72, 78. 
Geneva, N. Y., 57, 77, 79. 
GEORGIA, state of, 146. 
Georg-etown, D. C, 103, 130. 
Georgetown, Del., 95, 127. 
Georg-etown, S. C, 145, 175. 
Georgetown, Ky., 190,211 
Gettysburg, Pa., 91, 124. 
Gilmanton, N. H., 20. 
Glasgow, Mo., 207, 220. 
Glenn's Falls, N. Y., 55, 74. 
Glasgow, Ky., 136, 192. 
Goloonda, 111., 216. 
Goldsboro, N. C, 130. 
Goshen, N. Y., 72, 75. 
Grand Coteau, 163. 
Grand Gulf, Miss., 158,225. 
Grand Haven, Mich., 199, 215. 
Grand Rapids, Mich., 215, 216. 
Grayson Sulphur Springs, Va., 112. 
Great Barrington, Mass., 73. 
Great Crossings, Ky., 191. 
Great Falls, N. H., 19,61. 
Greensboro', N. C, 141, 173, 186. 
Greenfield, Mass., 33, 66. 
Greenville, S. C, 146, 176, 178. 
Greenville, O., 213. 
Guildhall, Vt., 63. 
Gunter's Landing, Ala., 181,187 
Guyandotte, Va., 1 13, 133. 

Hackensack, N. J., 82. 
Hagerstown, Md., 100, 128 
Hallowell, Me., 16, 61. 
Hamilton, O., 121, 136. 
Hampton, Va., 107, 133. 
Hancock, Md., 100, 128. 
Hannibal, Mo., 207, 220. 
Hanover, N. H., 20,65. 
Hardinsburg, Ky., 211. 
Harper's Ferry, Va., 109, 128, 130 
Hamburg, Pa., 125, 126. 
Hampton, Va., 107, 132. 
Harrisburg, Pa., 88, 123,125, 126. 
Harrisburg, La., 182. 
Harrodsburg, Ky., 136, 185, 191, 212. 
Hartford, Conn., 38, 68, 69. 
Haverhill, Mass., 20, 61. 
Haverhill, N. H., 63, 65. 
Havre de Grace, Md., 99, 125. 
Hawkinsville, Ga., 178. 
Helena, Ark., 169, 183. 
Herculaneura, Mo., 276. 
Herkimer, N. Y., 56, 74. 
Hickman, Ky., 192, 213, 224 
Hicksford, Va., 133. 
Holmes Hole, Mass., 67. 



HoUv Springs, Miss., 159, 184. 
HoU'idaysburg, Pa., 91, 124, 126. 
Holston Springs, Va., 112. 
Honesdale, Pa., 72, 93, 125. 
Hopkinton Mineral Spring, 33. 
Hot Springs, Va., 110. 
Hot Springs, Ark., 169, 183. 
Houlton, Me., 16, 62. 
Houston, Texas, 166, 183. 
Hudson, N. Y., 52, 71, 73, 75. 
Hudson River, 48. 
Huntingdon, Pa., 91, 124. 
Huntingdon, Tenn., 185, 187. 
HuntsvIUe, Ala., 156, 181, 186. 
Huron, O., 78, 215. 

ILLINOIS, state of, 200. 
Independence, Mo., 207, 220. 
INDIANA, state of, 193. 
Indianapolis, la., 194, 212, 213, 214 
Indian Springs, Ga., 149, 177, 180. 
Indian Territory, 
IOWA, state of, 209. 
Iowa City, Iowa, 210, 219. 
Ionia, Mich., 215. 
Ithaca, N. Y., 60, 73, 75, 77. 

Jackson, Mich., 199,215,216. 

Jackson, Mo., 184. 

Jackson, La., 163. 

Jackson, Miss., 158, 184, 185. 

Jacksonville, Flor., 152. 

Jacksonville, 111., 201, 216, 217. 

Jamestown, N. Y., 126. 

Jamestown, Va., 105, 132. 

Jefferson City, Mo., 184, 204, 227. 

Jeffersonville, la., 223. 

Jersey City, N. J., 48, 82. 

Johnstown, Pa., 91. 

Joliet, 111., 214,216,218. 

Jonesboro, Tenn., 172, 174,186. 

Jordon's White Sulphur Springs, Va., 1 10. 

Kalamazoo, Mich., 199, 116, 215. 
Kanawha, Va., 133. 
Kaskaskia, 111., 201, 216. 
Keene, N. H., 64. 
Kenton, O., 137. 
KENTUCKY, state of, 188. 
Keytesville, Mo., 220. 
Kingston, N. Y., 72. 
Kingston, Tenn., 172. 
Knoxville, Tenn., 133, 172, 74, i76, .77 
178, 186,211. 

La Fayette, la., 196,213,217. 
La Fayette, La., 182. 
La Grange, Ga., 150, 177, 179. 
La Grange, Texas, 183. 
Lake George, 55, 74. 
Lancaster, N. H., 62. 
Lancaster, Pa., 124, 129. 
Laporte, la., 213. 
La Salle, 111., 216, 219. 
Laurens, S. C., 176. 
Lawrenceburg, la., 136, 194. 
Lebanon, Pa., 126. 
Lehigh Gap, Pa., 125. 
Leonardstown, Md., 129. 
Lewisburg, Va., 133. 
Lewisburg, Ark., 183. 
Lewistown, Pa., 124, 123. 



10 



INDEX. 



Lewisiown, 111., 217. 

Lexiiig-ton, MaES., 29. 

Lexington, Ky., 136, 1S5, 189, 211, 212. 

Lexing'toii, Va., Ill, I'i'i. 

Lexington, Mo., 207, 227. 

Libertv, Mo., 207, 227. 

Lincolnton, N. C, 141, 175. 

Litchfield, Conn., 39, 70. 

Little Falle, N. Y., 22, 56, 75. 

Little Rock, Ark., 169, 183. 

Littleton, JM. H., 63. 

Lock Haven, Pa., 126. 

Lockport, N. Y., 58, 78. 

Loo-ansport, la., 196,213,214. 

Lon^ Branch, N. J., 122. 

Louisiana, state of, leo. 

Louisville, Ky., 185, 188, 191, 211, 212. 
Lowell, Mass., 30, 66. 
Lynchburg, Va., 109, 133, 173. 
Lyons, N. Y., 228. 

Machias, Me., 61. 
Macon, Ga., 149, 176, 178, 186. 
Mackinac, Mich., 78, 137, 199. 
Madison, la., 194, 211,214. 
Madison, Ga., 177, 179. 
Madison, Wis., 208, 217, 218. 
MaJisonville, Tenn., 178. 
MAINE, state of, 13. 
Malone, N. Y., 79. 
Manchester, Vt., 65. 
Mansfield, O., 120, 137. 
Marietta, O., 117, 135. 
Marshall, Mich., 199, 216. 
MASSACHUSETTS, state of, 23. 
Massillon, O., 119, 127. 
Maninsburg-, N. Y., 76. 
Martnisburo:, Va., 109,137. 
MARYLAND, state of, 96. 
Marysville, Tenn., 172. 
Matag-orda, Texas, 166,183. 
Mauch Chunck, Pa., 92, 124, 125. 
Maumee City, O., 121. 
Mavsville, K^v., 185, 190, 212. 
MeadviUe, Pa., 90, 124. 
Medina, O., 134, 135. 
Memphis, Tenn., 171, 182, 187,224. 
Mercer, Pa., 126. 
Meredosia, 111., 217, 219. 
MICHIGAN, state of, 196. 
Michigan Citv, la., 196, 213, 216, 219. 
Middlebury, Vt., 22, 65. 
Middletown, Conn., 39,69. 
Mifflintown, Pa., 124, 126. 
Milford, Pa., 72, 125. 
Millbrd, Del., 95. 
Milwaukee, Wis., 208, 217, 219. 
Milledg-eviUe, Ga., 148, 178, 179 
Millersburg-, O., 135. 
Milton, N. C, 132. 
Mineral Springs, Flor., 179. 

Mississippi; state of, 157. 

Mississippi City, Miss., 182. 
MISSOURI, state of, 203. 
Mobile, Ala., 154, 179, 180, 181 
Monroe, La., 182. 
Monroe, Mich., 198, 215. 
Montgomery, Ala., 155, 180, 181. 
Montpelier, Vt., 22, 64, 65. 
Montrose, Pa., 123, 126. 
Montreal, Canada, 74. 79. 
Morgautowu, N. C, 174. 



Morristown, N. J., 82, 122. 
Mottville, Mich., 215, 218. 
Mt. Clemens, Mich., 215. 
Mt. Holly, N. J., 83. 
Mt. Pleasant, la., 212. 
Mt. remon,Y^., 103, 129.! 
Mt. Vernon, O., 120, 134. 
Mumfordsville, Ky., 212. 
Murfreesboro, Tenn., 172, 185. 

Nacogdoches, Texas, 167, 182 

Nahant, Mass., 24. 

Nantucket, Mass., 33, 67. 

Napoleon, la., 214. 

Napoleon, Ark., 183, 224. 

Nashua, N. H., 20, 64, 66. 

Nashville, Tenn., 171, 181, 184, 186. 

Natchez, Miss., 158, 184, 185. 

Natchitoches, La., 164, 182. 

JSTatuTal BHdge,\a.., 112, 133. 

Natural Tunnel, Va., 112. 

Nebraska. 

New Albany, la., 194, 212. 

Newark, N. J,, 82, 72. 

Newark, Del., 95, 125. 

Newark, O., 120. 

New Bedford, Mass., 31, 67, 68. 

New Berne, N. C, 140, 173. 

New Brunswick, N. J., 81, 122, 125 

Newburg, N. Y., 51, 75, 76. 

Newburyport, Mass., 30, 61, 63. 

Newcastle, Del., 95, 127. 

Newcastle, Ky., 211. 

New Echota, Ga., 186. 

NEW JERSEY, state of, 80. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE, state of, 17. 

New Haven, Conn., 37, 69, 70. 

New Lebanon Springs, N. Y., 73 

New Lisbon, O., 119. 

New London, Conn., 38, 68, C9. 

New London, Mo., 220. 

New Madrid, Mo., 207, 224. 

New Milford, Conn., 70, 73. 

New Orleans, La., 131, 162, 182. 

Newport, R. I., 35, 68. 

Newport, Ky., 190. 

NEW YORK, state of, 40. 

New York, N. Y., 42, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, '5, 8C 

Niles, Mich.. 215, 216. 

Niagara Falls, N. Y., 59, 78. 

Norfolk, Va., 106, 131, 132. 

Norridgewock, Me., 16, 62. 

Norristown, Pa., 92, 123, 233. 

Northampton, Mass., 32, 66. 

NORTH CAROLINA, state of, 138. 

Northumberland, Pa., 92, 123, 126 

Norwich, Vt., 22. 

Norwich, Conn., 39, 69, 70. 

Norwich, N. Y., 77. 

Oberlin, O., 120. 
Ogdensburg, N. Y., 60, 76, 79. 
OHIO, state of, 1 14. 
Old Pomt Comfort, Va., 107. 
Oldtown, Me., 15, 61. 
Olean, N.Y., 78. 
Onondaga, N. Y., 77. 
Opelousas, La., 163, 182. 
Orangeburg, S. C, 44. 
Oregon Territory. 
Oregon City, 111., 219. 
Orkuey Sprinjfs, 1 10. 



INDEX. 



11 



Orono, Me., 61. 
Oswego, N. Y., 60, 76, 77 
Oweg-b, N. Y., 72. 
Oxlord, O., 121. 
Oxford, N. Y., 77. 

Paducah.Ky., 182,223. 

Painesville, O., 119, 127 

Palestine, 111., 218. 

Palmyra, Mo., 206, 219. 

Paoli, la., 212, 213. 

Paris, Me., 62, 71. 

Paris, Tenn., 185, 213. 

Paris, Ky., 185, 2!2. 

Parkersburg-, Va., 113,130. 

Paterson, N. J., 82, 72. 

Pawtucket, 36. 

Peekskill, N. Y., 73. 

PENNSYLVANIA, state of, 84. 

Penn Yan, N. Y., 60. 

Pensacola, Flor., 153, 179. 

Peoria, HI., 202, 216, 217, 218, 219. 

Peru, la., 233. 

Petersburg, Va., 107, 132, 174. 

Philadelphia, Pa., 73, 85, 123, 124, 125. 

Pickensville, S. C, 176. 

Pickensville, Ala., 180. 

Piermont, N. Y., 71. 

Pigeon Springs, la., 195. 

Pikeville, Ala., 182. 

Pittsburg, Pa., 89,126,127,128,134,137,223. 

Pittsfield, Mass., 73. 

Platte City, Mo., 220. 

Plattsburg, N. Y., 55, 71, 76, 79. 

Plymouth, Mass., 31, 67. 

Point Coupee, La., 182. 

Point Pleasant, Va., 113, 133. 

Pontiac, Mich., 215. 

Pontotoc, Miss., 184, 187. 

Portland, Me., 14, 61, 62, 63. 

Port Deposit, Md., 124, 125. 

Port Gibson, Miss., 159. 

Port Leon, Flor., 179. 

Port Huron, Mich., 215. 

Portsmouth, N. H., 19, 61, 63. 

Portsmouth, Va., 133. 

Portsmouth, O., 118, 135. 

PottsviUe, Pa., 92, 123, 125. 

Potosi, Mo., 183, 207. 

Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 51, 73, 75. 

Prairie du Chien, Wis., 209, 218, 226. 

Princeton, N. J., 81. 

Providence, R. 1., 35, 68, 70. 

Quebec, Canada, 62. 
Quincy, Flor., 179. 
Quincy, If.., 217. 

Racine, Wis., 217. 

Rahway, N. J., 81. 

Raleigh, N. C, 139, 173. 

Ravenna, O., 127. 

Reading, Pa., 92, 123, 125, 126. 

Red Sulphur Springs, Va., III. 

Reynoldsburg, Tenn., 185, 187. 

RHODE ISLAND, state of, 34. 

Richmond, Va., 106, 129, 132, 174. 

Riverhead, N. Y., 70. 

Rochester, N. Y., 67, 72, 78, 79. 

Rocldord, III., 218. 

Rock Island Cuy, 111., 203, 219. 

Rockport, la., 224. 



Rockville, Md., 130. 
Rome, N. Y., 56, 74, 76. 
Rome, Ga., 149, 179, 187. 
Roxbury, Mass., 29. 
Rushville, la., 214. 
Russelville, Ala., 182. 
Russelville, Ky., 211. 
Rutersville, Texas, 167, 183. 
Rutherford, N. C, 176. 
Rutland, Vt., 65. 

Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., 60, 76. 

Sag Harbor, N. Y., 70. 

St. Albans, Vt., 22, 65. 

St. Augustine, Flor., 152, 179. 

St. Augustine, Texas, 183. 

St. Charles, Mo., 206, 227. 

St. Clairsville, O., 117, 135. 

St. Francisville, La., 163, 182. 

St. Genevieve, Mo., 226. 

St. Joseph, Mich., 199, 212, 213, 215. 

St. John's, Canada, 71, 74. 

St. Joseph, Mo., 207, 227. 

St. Louis, Mo., 183, 205,212, 220, 221,226 

St. Mary's, Ga., 177. 

St. Stephen's, Ala., 156, 180. 

Saginaw, Mich., 215. 

Salem, Mass., 29, 61, 68. 

Salem, N. Y., 64. 

Salem, N. J., 83, 123. 

Salem, N. C, 141, 173. 

Salem, Ky., 185, 212. 

Salisbury, N. C, 141, 174,175. 

Salt Sulphur Springs, Va., 111. 

Sandusky, O., 120, 137. 

Sandy Hill, N. Y., 74. 

San Antonio de Bexar, Tevjis, 167. 

San Augustine, Texas, 167, 183. 

San PhiTipe de Austin, Texas, 167, 183 

Santa Fc, Texas, 168, 221. 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 54, 74, 

Sarato":a Lake, N. Y., 54. 

Sault St. Mane, Mich., 78, 199. 

Savannah, Ga., 146, 176, 177, 179. 

Schoharie, N. Y., 75. 

Schenectady, N. Y., 55, 74, 79. 

Schooley's Mountain, N. J., 83, 122. 

Scott3ville, Ky., 136. 

Selma, Ala., '156, 181. 

Seneca Falls, N. Y., 56, 57, 74, 79. 

Shannondale Springs, Va., 109. 

Sharon Sulphur Springs, N. Y., 56, 75. 

Shawneetowii, III., 202, 216, 217, 224. 

Shelbyville, Ky., 211. 

Shelbyville, la., 136, 214. 

Shelbyville, 111., 217. 

Shocco White Sulphur Sprino-s, 140, 

Shreveport, La., 164, 182, 183. 

Shrewsbury, N. J., 122. 

Sing Sing, N. Y., 71, 73, 75. 

Skaneateles, N. Y., 77. 

Skowhegan, Me., 62. 

Smithville, N. C, 174. 

Smithland, Ky., 192,212,224. 

Smyrna, Del., 95. 

Snow Hill, Md., 99, 128. 

Society Hill, S. C, 176. 

Somerville, N. J., 81. 

Somerville, Tenn., 185, 187. 

South Amboy, N. J., 83. 

South Bend, la., 196, 213. 

SOUTH CAROLINA, state of, 142. 



12 



INDEX. 



Sparta, Ga., 186. 
Sparlansburff, S. C, 146, 175. 
Springfield, Mass., 32, 66, 73. 
Spring-field, O., 121, 134, 136. 
Springfield, Mo., 207, 221. 
Springfield, 111., 201, 216, 217. 
Spring Place, Ga., 177. 
Staflbrd Sprnigs, Ct., 39. 
Statesville, N. C, 174. 
Staunton, Va., 110, 132, 133. 
Steubenville, O., 118,127, 134. 
Stonington, Conn., 39, 68, 69. 
Sulphur and Tar Springs, Ky., 192. 
Sunbury, Pa., 92, 126. 
Sweet Springs, Va., 111. 
Syracuse, N. Y., £6, 74, 76, 77 

Talbotton, Ga., 176, 179. 
Tallahassee, Flor., 152, 179. 
Tarboro', 140, 173. 
Taunton, Mass., 31, 67, 68. 
TavlorsviUe, Tenn., 186. 
TENNESSEE, state of, 170. 
Terre Haute, la., 195, 213, 217. 
TEXAS, state of, 164. 
Thomaston, Me., 16, 61, 62. 
Tiffin, O., 137. 
Toledo, O., 120, 131, 134. 
Tolland, Conn., 69. 
Topsham, Me., 16, 61. 
Towanda, Pa., 125. 
Trenton, N. J., 81, 122. 
Trenton Falls, N. Y., 56, 76. 
Troy, N. Y., 71,74, 75. 
Tunkhannock, Pa., 123. 
Tuscaloosa, Ala., 155, 179, 181,186. 
Tuscumbia, Ala., 156, 181, 185. 
Tyree's Springs, Tenn., 185. 

Union Point, Ga., 176, 187. 
Uniontown, Pa., 130. 
Unionville, S. C, 175. 
Urbana, O., 137. 
Utica, N. Y., 56, 74, 76, 77. 

Valley Forge, Pa., 92. 
Van Buren, Ark., 182,184. 
Vandaiia, 111., 202, 213,216. 
Velasco, Texas, 183. 
Vergennes, Vt., 22, 64. 
VERMONT, state of, 20. 
Versailles, Ky., 211. 
Versailles, la., 214. 
Vevav, la., 214,223. 
Vicks'burg, Miss., 159,184. 
Vienna, Ala., 180. 
Vienna, 111., 216. 
Vincennes, la., 212, 216. 
VIRGINIA, state of, 104. 

Wadesboro, N. C, 175. 
Warm Springs, Va., 110. 
VVarm Springs, N. C, 174, 186. 
W^arren, Pa., 126. 
Warrenton, Va., 108. 
Warrenlon, N. C, 132, 140. 
Warsaw, Ky., 223. 



VS^arsaw, 111., 220. 
Washington, Pa., 90, 127, 136. 
WASHINGTON, D. C, 73, 100, 128, 129, 

130, 173, 174, 185. 
Washington, N. C, 140, 173. 
Washington, Texas, 166, 183. 
Washington, Miss., 158, 184. 
Washington, Ark., 183. 
Washington, la., 212. 
Washington, O., 136. 
Waterford, Me., 62. 
Waterloo, N. Y., 67, 74, 79. 
Watertown, N. Y., 76. 
Waterville, Me., 16, 62. 
Weldon, N. C, 129, 140, 174. 
Wellsburg, Va.. 1 13, 222. 
Westchester, Pa., 94. 
West Point, N. Y., 50, 71 
West Point, Ga., 177. 
Westport, Ky., 223. 
West Union, O., 135. 
Wethersfield, Conn., 68. 
Wetumpka, Ala., 155, 180. 
Wheeling, Va., 113, 127, 128, 130, 134 
Whitehall, N. Y., 55, 64, 71, 74. 
White Mountains, N. H., 17, 65. 
White Plains, N. Y., 71. 
White Sulphur Springs, Va., HI, 129, J** 
White Sulphur Springs, Ga., 150. 
White Sulphur Springs, Flor., 15S 
Wilkesbarre, la., 93, 123, 125. 
Wilkesboro, N. C, 173. 
Williamsburg, Va., 107,132. 
Williamsport, Pa., 92, 123, 126. 
Williamsport, la., 214. 
Williarastowu, Mass., 33,66. 
Wilmington, Del., 73, 95, 125, 12V 
Wilmington, N. C, 140, 174, 17* 
Winchester, Va., 110, 129, 132. 
Winchester, Tenn., 186. 
Windsor, Vt., 22. 
Wiscassett, Me., 61. 
WISCONSIN, 208. 
Woodbury, N. J., 83, 123. 
Woodstock, Vi., 22, 63. 
Woodstock, Va., 110. 
Woodville, Miss., 182. 
Woonsocket Falls, R. I., 34,68. 
Wooster, C, 120, 127, 134. 
Worcester, Mass., 32, 66, 69, 74. 
Wyoming, Pa., 93, 123. 
Wythevifie, 112, 173, 184. ^ 

Xenia, O., 121,134, 136. 

Yazoo City, Miss., 159, 182. 
yellow Springs, O., 121, 134, 136 
York, Pa., 91, 124, 128. 
York Sulphur Springs, 91. 
Yorktown, Va., 108, 132. 
Yorkville, S. C, 175, 176. 
Youngstown, N. Y., 78. 
Ypsilanti, Mich., 198, 215, 218. 

ZanesviUe, 0., 117, 127, 134, 135. 
Zebulon, Ga., 178. 



STATE OF MAINE. 



13 





The most northeasterly state of the republic, extends 
J;|^ from lat. 43° to 47° 24' N., and between Ion. 6° and 10" 
m E. from Washington, and contains an area of 30,000 
square miles. Population, 1840, 501,792. The state is 
divided into 13 counties. Its shores are indented by deep 
bays, forming many excellent harbors ; and its waters 
are studded with numerous islands of every variety of 
form and size, from the rocky islet to those of 150 square 
-^ miles in extent. 
^Jear the coast the surface is level, but it rises on proceeding inland ; and 
most part of the state is hilly, forming in many places a congeries of hills, 
or elevated cones, several of which reach an elevation of 4000 feet, and 
Mt. Katahdin rises to the height of 5335 feet above the level of the sea. In 
the northwest, an elevated ridge forms the water-shed dividing the waters 
of the St. Lawrence from those of the Atlantic ; a lateral branch of this 
tidge, of still less elevation, separates the Kennebec and Penobscot rivers 
from the St. John's. 

It has been estimated that one-sixth part of the surface of Maine consists 
of water. There are numerous lakes, the largest and most noted of which 
are Moosehead, Sebago, Chesuncook, and Umbagog. A part of the 
waters of the latter extend into New Hampshire. Some of these lakes are 
justly celebrated for the picturesque beauties of their scenery. A steam- 
boat has been built to ply on the waters of Moosehead lake. The Kenne- 
bec and the Penobscot are the two most important streams, — the former is 
navigable to Augusta, and the latter to Bangor. Their shores are adorned 
with villages, and the intervals along their margins are the most fertile and 
best cultivated in the state. The Saco, Androscoggin, and St. Croix rivers 
enter the Atlantic. St. John's and its confluents, the Walloostook, Alla- 
gash, and Aroostook, drain the northern part of the state. The St. John's 
forms a part of the northern boundary of the state, by the late treaty of 
Washington, and its waters are open to the free navigation of both nations. 
The principal bays are — Casco, Penobscot, Machias, and Passamaquoddy. 
The climate is healthy ; but the winters are long and severe. The prin- 
cipal productions are — Indian corn, wheat, barley, rye, flax, and the 
grasses. The uncleared lands are of great extent, and furnish an immense 
amount of pine and other lumber. Marble and lime are extensively ex- 
ported. On the sea-coast large quantities of cod-fish are dried and prepared 
for the market ; and the rivers abound in excellent salmon. Ship-building 
is extensively carried on. 

The principal literary institutions are — Bowdoin College, at Brunswick ; 
Waterville College, at Waterville ; the Bangor Theological Seminiiry, at 
Bangor ; and the Wesleyan Seminary, at Readfield ; and there are about 
90 academies and 4000 common schools throughout the state. 



14 STATE OF MAINE. 

The government is vested in a governor, senate, and house of repiesent- 
atives, who are elected annually. The senate consists of 31, and the house 
of representatives of 151 members. Seven counsellors are elected by t.iie 
legislature to advise the governor on all matters pertaining to his legislative 
duties. The judiciary consists of a supreme judicial court and a court of 
common pleas, each composed of a chief-justice and two associate justices. 
The judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor and coun- 
cil, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until they have attained 
the age of 70 years. The right of suffrage is possessed by every male citi- 
zen of the United States, 21 years of age, (excepting paupers, persons 
under guardianship, and Indians not taxed,) who shall have resided in the 
state for three months next preceding an election. 

The first permanent settlement in Maine was made about the year IfiSO ; 
and in 1652 the inhabitants were placed under the jurisdiction, and formed 
a part of, the colony, subsequently the state of Massachusetts. It was 
styled the District of Maine until the year 1820, when it was admitted into 
the Union as an independent state. The constitution was formed in 1819. 

The railroads, with the distances between each depot, will be found in 
the accompanying tables of routes; for example, see Portland, Saco, and 
Portsmouth railroad pages. 61 and 62 . 




The metropolis, is situated on a peninsula, at the western extremity of 
Casco bay. It is 105 miles from Boston, 320 from New York, and 545 
from Washington. Population, 19,013. The harbor is safe, spacious, and 
easy of access ; completely land-locked; and is well defended by forts 
Preble and Scammel. The ground on which tne city is built, rises at itd 
eastern and northern extremities, presenting a beautiful appearance when 
approached from the sea— rising like an amphitheatre between two hills. 
The public buildings are — a court-house, jail, city hall, custom-house, 
an exchange, an athenaeum, with a library of 5,000 volumes, 16 churches, 
and 11 academies. On Mt. Joy, an eminence a little to the northeast part 
of the city, is an observatory 82 feet high, and 226 feet above the levei 
of the sea, from which a beautiful view is obtained of the harbor, its islands, 
and the surrounding country. Cars leave dai/j/ for Boston and the inter- 
mediafe vlaces. Fare to Boston, $3. Stages leave daily for Eastporl 
and Calais, via Brimswick, Thomaston, and Belfast ; also for Houlton, 
via Augusta and Bangor ; and also for the IVkite Mountains. A tri- 
weekly line runs to Quebec, via Augusta and J^Torridgewock. Steamboats 
■ply between Boston and Portland, and Bangor and Portland. 

95= For tables of distances, see routes in Maine, pages 61 to 79 where 
will be found the railroad, steamboat, and stage routes from the cities and 
principal tov/ns throughout the state, with the distances between the inter- 
mediate places. 

AuGUsi A, the capital, is situated on both sides of the Kennebec river, 



STATE OF MAINE. 



15 




43 miles from the sea, and at the head of sloop navigation. It is 150 
miles NNE. from Boston, 469 from New York, and 595 from Washington ; 
and contains a state house, a United States arsenal, a state insane hospital, 
a high school, 6 churches, and 6,000 inhabitants. The State House is sit- 
uated on an eminence, on the west side of 
the river. Tlie central part is 84 feet long, 
and 56 deep, with two wings, each 34 feet 
long and 54 deep. It has a Doric portico of 
8 columns ; and before it is a spacious park, 
adorned with trees and shrubbery. There is 
a tine bridge across the Kennebec, and a sub- 
stantial dam has been constructed across the 
river a short distance above, forming a very 
extensive water-power. Stages leave daily 
for Portland and Bangor : three times a week for Belfast and Thomaston ; 
for Anson and Phillips, and also for Fryeburg. 

Bangor is situated at the head of navigation,, on the west side of the 
Penobscot river, which is here crossed by a bridge 1,320 feet long. It is 
22-2 miles from Boston, 436 from New York, 663 from Washington. It 
occupies an eminence from which a fine view is obtained of the surrounding 
country. Steamboats ply regularly between this place, Portland, and 
Boston. It contains a court-house, jail, a bank, 7 churches, the Bangor 
Theological Semina'-y, 2 academies, atid about 13,380 inhabitants. The 
Theological Seminary has 3 professors, 50 students, 139 alumni, and 7,000 
volumes in its library. It gives a classical and theological course in four 
years. The lumber trade of Bangor is extensive. Stages leave daily for 
Portland ; three times a week to Houlton ; also for Calais, Castine, Bel- 
fast, Skowhegan, S,-c. 

Old Town is on an island of the same name in Penobscot river, 12 
miles from Bangor ; here are manufactured immense quantities of boards, 
&c. On another island, about a mile above, are the remnant of Penobscot 
Indians, (about 360. ) They have a small church. 

Brunswick is situated on the left bank of the Androscoggin river, at the 
Pejepscot Falls, which here make an extensive water-power. It con- 
tains 9 churches, ^ =^ 

two academies, a 
cotton and wool- 
len fucto-y, and 
4,500 inhabitants. 
It is the seat of 
Bowdoin College, 
which was found- 
ed in 1794, and or- 
ganized in 1802 ; 

has a president and nine professors, or otlier instructors, 749 alumni, J90 
students, and 23,950 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is 
on the 1st W^ednesday in September. Attached to this institution, is 
Maine Medical School, founded in 1820, which has 4 professors, 60 stu- 
dents, and 464 graduates. The lectures commence on the 15th of Feb- 
ruary, annually. The philosophical apparatus and cabinets of anatomical 
preparations, mineralogy, and natural history, are very complete. It re- 
ceived a donation of $10,000 from James Bowdoin, Esquire, its prmcipal 
benefactor, from whom it was named. The state has granted it five 
townships of land and $3,000 annually. Its principal edifice has been 




16 STATE OF MAINE. 

several times burned, but has been rebuilt. The college chapel, a granite 
edifice, is in the Romanesque style of architecture. 

Ba-TH is situated on the right bank of Kennebec river, 12 miles from the 
sea. It is built on a declivity, and extends for a mile and a half along the 
river, and three-fourths of a mile back from it. It has an excellent harbor, 
and vessels of the largest class come up to its wharves. It contains 2 
banks, several churches, 5 academies, 75 stores, and 5,500 inhabitants. 
Steamboats ply regularly between this place and Portland, and Boston, the 
most part of the year. 

Thomaston is situated at the head of St. George's bay, and contains the 
Baptist Theological Institute, a bank, 3 academies, the state prison, several 
churches, and 5,000 inhabitants. The Theological Institute was founded 
1837 ; has 2 professors, 23 students, and 500 volumes in its library. The 
state prison is near the bank of the river, and attached to it are 10 acres of 
ground. The buildings are of stone, surrounded by a high wall. Im- 
mense quantities of lime of the best quality are manufactured here. 

Belfast is pleasantly situated on an arm of Penobscot bay, 30 miles from 
the sea; and has a spacious harbor, sufficiently deep for vessels of the 
largest clas^. Tt hasseverni churches, an academy, and 4,500 inhabitants. 

Eastport is situated on Moose Island, 
and is connected by a bridge with the 
main land. It is the easternmost town in 
the United States ; has a good harbor, and 
contains 5 churches, an academy, a United 
States garrison, and 2,000 inhabitants. 

Calais is situated on the right bank of the 
St. Croix river, at the falls, opposite St. 
Andrews, 250 miles from Portland, and has 
about 3,000 inhabitants. 
Hallowell is pleasantly situated on the right bank of the Kennebec 
river, and contains 5 churches, an academy, and 5,000 inhabitants. 
Steamboats ply to Portland and Boston. Gneiss is extensively quarried 
under the name of Hallowell granite, and exported to most of the eastern 
states. 

Castine is situated on a promontory in the E. side of Penobscot bay, and 
has a good harbor. It contains about 1,200 inhabitants. 

Hoidton, 120 miles NNE. of Bangor, is situated on a small stream 
emptying into St. John's river, near the New Brunswick line. It con- 
tains the Hancock barracks, a United States military post, several stores, 
and 1,500 inhabitants. 

Waterville, 18 miles north of Augusta, is situated on the right 
bank of the Kennebec river, near the Teconick Falls ; and contains a 
bank, several churches, and about 1,500 inhabitants. It is the seat 
of Waterville College under the direction of the Baptists. It has a 
president and six professors, 210 alumni, 70 students, and 7,000 volumes 
in its libraries. The commencement is on the 2d Wednesday in August. 

Fryeburg, 48 miles from Portland, is beautifully situated on a plain, and 
contains a church and an academy. Lovell's Pond lies near the village, 
famous as the scene of a desperate fight between the whites and Indians in 
early times. 

Topsham on the Androscoggin river ; Gardiner and JSTorridgewock on 
the Kennebec river ; Bucksport and Frankpurt on the Penobscot river , 
Bristol on the Damariscotta river ; and Machiaa on the Machias river, are 
large and thriving places. 




STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



17 




Is situated between lat. 42° 41' and 45° 11' N., and 
70° 40' and 72° 30' W. Ion. It contains 8,080 square 
miles, and 284,574 inhabitants. 

This state has only 18 miles of seacoast, and the shore 
IS generally a sandy beach. Portsmouth is the only 
good harbor in the state. A short distance from the 
coast, the country becomes beautifully diversified by hill 
and dale, and adorned by several picturesque sheets of 
water. The White Mountains are situated a little north 
of the centre of the state, and have become a place of great resort during 
the summer months ; they are usually ascended from the southwest. After 
climbing the sides of the mountain for some distance, the forest trees 
begm to diminish in height, until at the elevation of about 4,000 feet, you 
come to a region of dwarfish evergreens, which put forth numerous 
branches and surround the mountain with a formidable hedge, a quarter of 
a mile in thickness. On emerging from this thicket, you are above all 
woods, and at the foot of what is called the bald part of the mountain, 
which is very steep, and consists of a huge pile of naked rocks. After at- 
taining the summit, the traveller is recompensed for his toil and trouble, it 
the sky be serene, by a most noble and extensive prospect. The other principal 
mountain peaks are Moosehillock, 4,636 feet high ; the Grand Monadnock, 
3.254 feet above the level of the sea ; and Kearsarge, 2,461 feet high, on 
the west, and the Moose and Ossippee mountains on the east. These moun- 
tains, though not a connected range, are regarded as a continuation of the 
Alleghanies. 

The notch or gap in the White Mountains, is justly regarded as a 
curiosity. It is on the west side of the mountains, near the source of Saco 
river. It is a deep and narrow defile, in one part 
only 22 feet wide. The mountain mass appears 
as if riven quite to its base by some convulsion of 
nature, perpendicularly on one side, and on the 
other, at an angle of forty-five degrees. The 
road which has been made through this pass is 
crossed by the river Saco, which rushes rapidly 
down the sides of the mountain, and gives a 
picturesque effect to the scenery. 

The Silver Cascade, a beautiful sheet of water 
is precipitated over three precipices, from a height 
cf 2')Q feet into a basin formed by the hand of 
nature, in the rock beneath. In its fall it presents 
P diversity of pleasing appearances; and in this 
whole mountain region, nature seems to have 
sported her wildest fancies. Tlie lakes form another peculiar characteris- 
tic of this state ; Winnipiseogee is 23 miles long and 10 broad in its 

2* 




18 STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

widest part. Its form is very irregular; its shores exhibit almost every 
gradation of scenery, and its surface is studded with numerous islands. The 
waters are very pure, being supplied mostly by springs. Squam lake is 
6 miles in length and about 3 in breadth, and is surrounded by bold and 
rugged scenery. It embosoms many islands. Ossippee, Sunapee, Con- 
necticut, and Newfound lakes are smaller, but picturesque sheets of 
water. Another object of curiosity in this state is Bellow's Falls, 
in the Connecticut river, at Walpole. The descent of the water in the 
space of 100 rods, is 44 feet ; there are several pitches one above 
another; at the highest of which a large rock divides the stream into 
two channels, each about 90 feet wide. When the water is low, the 
eastern channel is dry, being crossed by a bar of solid rock ; and the 
whole stream falls inio the western channel, where it is contracted to 
the breadth of sixteen feet, and flows with astonishing force and 
rapidity. A bridge has been constructed over these falls ; and a canal 
half a mile long, with nine locks around them on the west side. 
Amoskeag Falls, in the Merrimac, consists of three successive pitches, 
falling nearly 50 feet. There are also extensive caverns at Chester. The 
Prortle Mountain, at Franconia, is a singular eminence. It is a regular 
peak 1,000 feet in height, presenting a bold front of solid rock ; a side view 
of this exhibits a profile of the human face. 

The Connecticut river has its source in the highlands on the north border 
of the state, and its west branch forms the boundary line between New 
Hampshire and Canada, to within one mile of the 45th deg. of N. latitude. Its 
general course is south by west, and dividing New Hampshire and Ver- 
mont, it passes through the western part of Massachusetts, and the central 
part of Connecticut, where it enters Long Island Sound. Merrimac river, 
the Pemigewassit branch, rises near the Notch in the White Mountains, 
and is joined by the Winnipiseogee, 70 miles below the source of the 
former. It here takes the name of Merrimac. The Androscoggin and 
Saco, rise and have part of their course in this state. 

The principal literary institutions of the state are — Dartmouth College in 
Hanover, and the Gilmanton Theological Seminary at Gilmanton. There 
are in the state about 70 academies, and 2,200 common schools. 

The constitution was formed in 1784, and in 1792 was altered to its 
present form. The governor is elected annually by the people on the 
second Tuesday in March. He must have resided in the state for seven years 
next preceding his election, be thirty-five years of age, and possess property 
to the amount of jCSOO, one half of which must be a freehold witliin the 
state. The coimcil consists of five members chosen by the people, who 
must have resided in the state for seven years, and possess property to the 
amount of ^£500, and be thirty years of age. The legislature consists of 
tlie senate and house of representatives, and is denominated the General 
Court of New Hampshire. The senate consists of twelve members chosen 
annually by the people, who must be at least thirty years of age, have 
resided in the state for seven years preceding the election, and possess 
property within the state to the amount of j£200. The house of represen- 
tatives consists of 250 members, elected annually by the people. A mem 
ber must have resided two years in the state next preceding his election, 
be thirty years of age, and possess property to the amount of jCIOO, 
within the district which he represents, one half of which must be a free- 
hold. All judicial officers are nominated and appointed by the governor 
and council, and hold their offices during good behavior ; but are removable 
by the governor, with the consent of the council, at the representation of 



STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



19 



both Iiouses of the legislature. No judicial officer can hold office after ho 
is 70 years of age. The secretary and treasurer ure elected by the joint- 
ballot of both houses of the legislature. Every male citizen of the age of 
21 years or over, excepting paupers, and persons e.\cused from paying taxes 
at their own request, has the right of suffrage. 

The first settlements made in the state were at Dover and Ports- 
mouth, in 1623. In 1641, all its settlements, by a voluntary act, submitted to 
Massachusetts, but were made a separate province by an act of Charles II., 
in 1679. A temporary government was established in 1776, to continue 
during the war of the Revolution. June 2Ist, 1788, the state in convention 
adopted the constitution of the United States, yeas .57, nays 46. 

Portsmouth, a port of entry, and the capital of Rockingham county, is 
the largest town in the state. It is pleasantly situated on a peninsula, on the 
right bank of Piscataqua river, three miles from the ocean. The harbor ia 
completely land-locked, and has the advantage of being always free from ice, 
Portsmouth is 54 miles north of Boston, and 493 from Washington. Two 
bridges connect it with Kittery on the opposite side of the river in Maine ; an- 
other bridge connects it with Great Island, on which is a light-house. On Con- 
tinental Island, on the opposite side of the harbor, is the navy yard. The town 
contains 8 churches, 7 banking houses, a custom house, 2 markets, an 
academy, an atheneum, an almshouse, a state lunatic hospital, and about 
8.000 inhabitants. The atheneum, a very flourishing institution, was in- 
corporared in 1817, and has a hbrary of more than 5,000 volumes, besides 
cabinets of minerals and of natural history. Cars arrive from, and depart 
daily for Boston, {fare $1.50,) and for Portland, {fare $1.50.) Stages 
leave three times a week for Concord. 

Concord, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of the 
Merrimac river. It is 76 miles NNW. from ^=-' 
Boston, and 481 from Washington. It lies p^^^ 
chiefly on 2 streets, one of which extends 
nearly 2 miles. It contains a state house, a 
court-house, jail, bank, state prison, eight 
churches, 350 dwellings, and about 4,000 
inhabitants. The State House is an ele- 
gant structure of hewn granite, 126 feet 
long, and 49 feet wide. Tlie hall of repre- 

eentatives and the senate chamber, are 

^acious and elegant rooms. By means of artificial locks and cana.s 
around the falls in Merrimac river, and the Middlesex canal, a navigable 
communication exists from Boston to this place. Cars arrive from, and 
depart twice daily for Boston, (^distance 76 mites ; fare $1.75;) and for 
Burlington, Vt., via Lebanon and Muntpeliei — thence connecting with a 
steamboat line to Montreal. Stages leave daily for the White Moun- 
tains ; and for Montreal, via Haverhill, Derby, and Stanstead, Canada t 
and also for BratUeboro' , Vt., via Keene. 

Dover, the capital of Strafford county, is prettily situated at the Lower 
falls of the Cochecto, which affords an abundant water-power. It contains 
a court-house, jail, 2 academies, 10 churches, several extensive manufac- 
turing establishments, and about 5,000 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and 
depart for Boston daily, {distance 66 miles; fare $1.75;; also from 
Portland, (43 miles ; fare $1.25.) Stages leave for the White Mountains 3 
times a week. 

Grkat Falls Village, 6 miles north of Dover, contains several 
manufacturing establishments, and 2,500 inhabitants. 




20 



STATE OF VERMOxNTT. 



Exeter, at the head of tide water, on Exeter river, has a court-house, 
a bank, 4 cliurches, an academy with a valuable library, philosophical 
apparatus, &c., and several manufactories. Cars pass through it daily 
from Boston to Portland. 

Nashua, is on the right bank of the Merrimac river, 41 miles from 
Boston. It contains several manufacturing establishments, 10 churches, 
many pretty residences, and about 7,000 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, 
and depart three times daily for Boston {fare f 1,) and Concord, {fare 
75 cts. ) Stages leave daily for Windsor, Vt. ; three times a week to 
Brattleboro, Vt., and three times a week to Worcester, Mass. 

Hanovlr is pleasantly situated on the left bank of the Connecticut 
tf^ ~ ^^~-~ river, and contains a church, many neat dwel- 

= lings, and the buildings of Dartmouth College. 

Tliis institution was founded in 1770, and be- 
sides the collegiate, it has a medical depart- 
ment. It has a president and 15 professors or 
]} other instructors; has had 2,228 alumni, has 
331 students, and 16,500 volumes in its libraries. 
The commencement is on the last Thursday in 
July. The medical departnient, instituted in 1779, has 6 professors, 80 
students, and has had 577 graduates. The lectures commence on the 
first Thursday in August. Stages pass through Hanover for Concord and 
Mmitpelier. 

Haverhill is on the east bank of Connecticut river, and has a court- 
house, bank, a church, an academy, and about 60 dwellings. 

Gilmanton is 20 miles north of Concord, situated on the Suncook 
river. The village contains an academy and the Gilmanton Theological 
Seminary, founded in 1835. It has 3 professors, 26 students, and 4,30U 
voiumes in its libraries. 






VERMONT lies between [at. 42= 44' and 45° 00' 3ff 
N., and 71° 30' to 73*^ 20' W. Ion., and contains an area 
of 9,056i sq. miles : and in 1840, 291,948 inhabitants. 
This state presents a very considerable variety of sur- 
face. It is traversed from north to south by the Green 
Mountain range ; some summits of which rise to a 
^=^;_^ height of 4,279 feet above the sea. About the centre of 

.'"^feT^'^ ' the state, they divide into two ridges, the principal of 
which passes in a north-northeast direction, into Canada. The Green 
MountJiins are from ten to tifteen miles wide, much intersected by valleys 
abounding with springs and brooks, and are mostly covered with ever- 
greens to their summits, from which they have derived their name. The 



STATE OF VERMONT. 2i 

tiveta are inconsiderable : most of those flowing east are merely snHil) 
tributaries of the Connecticut ; those on the west side are larger and 
longer, and the three principal, viz., Lamoille, Missisque, and Winooski, 
rise on the east side of the principal mountain chain, which they break 
through and enter Lake Champlain. Otter creek rises on the west side of 
the mountains, and enters Lake Champlain. 

The chmate varies according to differences of level and other circum- 
Blances. It is healthy, although the winters are severe. The soil is 
fertile, but more suitable for pasturage than tillage. Wool is the staple 
production ; sheep, horses, and cattle are raised in great numbers 

The legislature formerly consisted of a single house of assembly, but in 
1836, two separate houses (a senate of 30 members, and a house of 
representatives, composed of one member from each town) were established, 
which, together with its governor, lieutenant-governor, and executive coun 
oil, are chosen annually by the people. The right of suffrage is vested 
in every male citizen 21 years of age, who has resided in the state 
for the year previous to the election. The judicial power is in a supreme 
court of five judges, and county courts each composed of one judge of the 
supreme court, and two assistant judges. Judges are chosen annually by 
the general assembly, and a court of censors, by a popular vote once in 7 
years. The general assembly meet annually in October. 

There are three colleges in Vermont, viz., the University of Vermont 
at Burlington, Middlebury College at Middlebury, and Norwich University 
at Norwich ; and there are about 50 academies, and 2.500 common 
schools througliout the state 




BuRLiNOTON is delightfully situated upon the tongue of land formed by 
the confluence of the Winooski, or Onion river, with Lake Champlain. It 
is the most important town in Vermont ; it is 40 miles WNW. from Mont- 
pelier, 300 N. from New York, and 513 from Washington. Population in 
1840, 4,271. Here is a court-house, a jail, 2 banking houses, 6 churches, 
one university, an academy, and a female seminary. The buildings of the 
University of Vermont, 4 in number, are on high ground on the east side, of 
the village. This institution was founded in 1791. It has a president and 
7 professors, 277 alumni, 125 students, and 9,200 volumes in its libraries. 
The commencement is on the first Wednesday in August. The view 
from the cupola of the college embraces an extensive range. On the 
west lies the village — the broad expanse of lake, with its islands and 
vessels ; and beyond, the Adirondack mountains, rising to the height of near 
6,000 feet, give grandeur to the picture ; while on the east, are presented 
in full view the Green Mountains, with their two highest peaks, Gaiuel's 
Rump and Mansfield Mountain. Steamboats stop here daily (in summer) 
from Whitehall, JV. Y., and from St. John's, Canada. Stages leave daily 
for Albany, also for Boston via Middlebury, Bellow."^ Falls, and Fitck- 
burg, Mass., and to Montpelier ; from thence, three times a week to Port 
land. Me., via the White Mmmtaina. 




22 STATE OF VERMONT. 

MoNTPEMKR, the capital of the state, is situated in a rugged and 
picturesque region, at the junction of the 
north and south branches of the Wi- 
noo.ski river. It contains a state-house, 
I ourt-liouse, jail, an academy, 4 churches, 
and about 1,800 inhabitants. The State 
House is built of granite, 72 feet wide, 
and 152 feet long ; it has a projecting 
portico in the centre of six Grecian Doric 
columns, 6 feet in diameter and 36 feet 
high. Stages leave daily for Burlington 
and Concord, u\ H., via J^cbanon, S,-c. : and three times a week for the 
White Mountains , al&o to Derby, St. Jilhans, S,-c. 

MiDDLEBURY is situated at the falls and on both sides of Otter creek. 
It contains a court-house, jail, bank, 5 churches, 2 academies, several ex- 
tensive manufactories, and about 2,500 inhabitants. In the vicinity is a 
quarry of excellent marble, which is extensively wrought. It is the seat of 
Middlebury College, founded in 1800, which has a president and 7 pro- 
fessors, has 771 alumni, 97 students, and 7,054 volumes in its libraries. 
The commencement i^ on the third Wednesday in August. Stages pass 
through Middiehury daily for Burlington, Albany, and Boston, 

Vergennks is situated at the Lower falls on Olter creek, and contains 3 
churches, a bank, and several manufactories. 

Bennington is prettily situated on elevated ground, and contains a 
court house, a church, 2 academies, a bank, and about 300 inhabitants. 
The Americans under General Stark defeated a large British force, August 
16, 1777, on the west border of the town. 

Brattleboro is situated on the right bank of the Connecticut river, 
and contains 4 churches, a bank, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Stages 
leave daily for Albany, Springfield, JVorcester, JVashua; and also to the 
White Mountains, passing through the principal towns along the Con- 
necticut river. 

Norwich is on the right bank of the Connecticut river, and contains 
several churches, an academy, and about 500 inhabitants. It is the seat of 
Norwich University. It has a president and 6 professors, and 40 students. 
The commencement is on the third Thursday in August. A. line of stages 
pass through this place three times a week from .Monipelier and Concord. 
St. Albans is situated near the east shore of Lake Champlain ; it has 
a court-house, jail, a bank, 3 churches, and about 700 inhabitants. Stages 
from Burlington to the Canada line, pass through this place three times 
a week. 

Castleton, 74 miles from Montpelier, contains 2 churches, an 
academy, and the Castleton Medical College, founded in 1818, with 7 
professors, 104 students, 555 graduates. The lectures commence on the 
4tli Thursday in August. IVoodstock has 5 churches, and the Vermont 
Medical College, founded in 1835, with 7 professors, 94 students, and 
255 graduates. Windsor contains 3 churches, the Vermont state prison, and 
1,000 inhabitants. Bellows Falls village has 2 churches and 500 in- 
habitants. 

Alburg Springs are on the point of land projecting into Lake Cham- 
plain, at the north; the waters are of considerable efficacy in scrofulous and 
other diseases. 



STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 



23 




i M\fe!?\( HUSLTTS li(^ IjLtwiHi 41" !2{ iii(i4i'='52' 
N. lat., and between 69° 50' and 73° 30' W. Ion. It is 
aliout 190 miles long-, with an average breadth of 90 
miles, and contains 7,500 square miles; and in 1840, 
737,099 inhabitants. 

This state presents three distinct zones. The first, 
towards the ocean, is a marine alluvion, but little 
elevated above the sea ; it is mostly sandy, and the 
least fertile and smal'est in extent of the three sections. 
This plain is followed by a fine hilly tract, which crosses the state frona 
north to south, elevated in some places 300 feet above the sea ; from these 
elevations the rivers flow in every direction. The second or middle zone 
inc ,udes part of the beautiful valley of Connecticut ; and is followed by 
tlie mountainous but liiglily fertile county of Berkshire, which comprises 
the whole western part of the state. Through Berkshire pass two moun- 
tain ranges. theTaghkannick, on the western border of the state; and be- 
tween the Housatonic and Coimecticut rivers, the Green Mountain range, 
here called Hoosick Mountains. Mount Holyoke, near Northampton, is 
near 1,200 feet above the level of the sea, and Wachusett Mountain, in 
Princeton, is an elevated peak from 2,000 to 3,000 feet high. Saddle 
Mountain in the Taghkannick range, in the northwest corner of the 
state, is 4,000 feet high; and Mount Washington in the same range, 
in the southwest corner of the state, is about 3,000 feet high. The 
valleys of the Connecticut are fertile, as are also those of the Housa- 
tonic 

The principal rivers are — the Connecticut, a noble stream, winding for 50 
miles across the state; Housatonic, which rises in Berkshire county, and 
flows through the west part of the state : and Merrimac, which rises in 
New Hampshire, and has a course of 50 miles in the NE. part of the 
state, and enters the ocean below New'buryport. It is navigable for large 
vessels to Haverhill, 15 miles. Besides these there are — Nashua, Concord, 
Taunton, and Blackstone rivers. 

Massachusetts has numerous good harbors. There are several impor- 
tant islands off" the S. shore of this state, to which they belong. The largest 
IS Nantucket, 15 miles long and 11 broad, and which constitutes a county 
of its own name. Martha's Vineyard, W. of Nantucket, is 20 miles long and 
from 2 to 10 broad, which with other small islands constitutes Duke's coun- 
ty. The shores of Massachusetts are diversified by some bold promontories 
and capacious bays. Of the latter, Massachusetts bay, between Cape 
Ann on the N. and Cape Cod on the S., is about 40 miles in breadth. 
Buzzard's bay is on the SW. side of Cape Cod, and is 20 miles long. 
Cape Ann, in the N. part of the state, is a rocky promontory, 15 
mOes in length. Cape Cod is a peninsula in the S£. part of the 




24 STATE OP MASSACHUSETTS. 

Btate, extending 75 miles long, and from 2 to 20 broad, witli a bend 
in the middle, nearly at rigiit angles. The peninsula of JVahant, a 
few miles north of the harbor of Boston, is 
connected with the main land by Lynn beacb, 
two miles long. It has become, on account 
of its cool breezes and wild sea-views, a place 
offa.shionable resort during the summer months. 
Steamboats pLy daily in summer from ii tff 
Boston. 

There are m this state 3 colleges, and 2 theological seminaries, viz., Harvard 
University, at Cambridge, the oldest and best endowed in the country, 
founded in 1638, about 18 years after the first landing on the rock of 
Plymouth ; Williams College at Williamstown, founded in 1793 ; and 
Amherst College at Amherst, founded in 1821, which has had an unex- 
ampled growth. The theological seminary at Andover is under the 
direction of the Congregationalists. It was op«ned for students in tli« 
autumn of 1808. The Baptists have a flourishing theological institution at 
Newtown, founded in 1825. There are 260 academies or grammar 
schools, and 3,500 common schools in the state. 

The government of Massachusetts consists of a governor, lieutenant- 
governor, senate, and house of representatives. They are elected annually 
by the people. The governor must have resided 7 years in the state, and 
own a freehold worth j£l,000, and declare his belief in the Christiart 
religion. The lieutenant-governor must possess the same qualifications, 
A council of nine persons, besides the lieutenant-governor, are elected 
annually by the joint-ballot of the legislature, and not more than two car* 
be chosen in one congressional district. They rank next to the lieutenant- 
governor. The senate consists of 40 members, who must possess a free* 
hold of jC300, and a personal estate of X600, and must have resided in th» 
state for 5 years next preceding the election. The house of representa- 
tives contains 356 members, who must possess a freehold of 300 pounds ini 
the town for which he is chosen, or ratable estate to the value of jC20() 
The judges and various other officers, as attorney-general, &c., are ap- 
pointed by the governor and council. The judges hold their offices 
during good behavior. The secretary, treasurer, and receiver-general, are 
appointed annually by the joint-ballot of both houses of the legislature. 
Every male citizen over 21 years of age, (except paupers and persons 
under guardianship,) who has resided in the state one year, and in the 
town or district in which he claims to vote, six months^ next preceding 
the election, and shall have paid a tax in the commonwealth within two 
years, or shall have been exempted from taxation, enjoys the right oJ 
suffrage. 

The Plymouth colony was settled by the Puritans, December, 1620'. In 
1628 the settlements of Salem and Charleston were made, and in 1630 
that of Boston. In 1692 these colonies were united under the name of 
Massachusetts. The American revolution began at Boston, and this 
state bore a prominent part in that great struggle. In convention, this 
state voted (February 6th, 1788) to adopt the federal constitution ; yetxa 
187, nays 168. 



STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS, 25 




Boston, the capital of 
Massachusetts, metropolis of 
New England, and the second !^ 
commercial city in the Union, is. situated mostJj on a peninsula, 3 miles 
long, and a little more than one mile broad at the head ot Mass,achusett3 
bay, and possesses one of the best harboib m the United States. It is m 
42' 21' 23" N. lat., and Tl'' 4' 9" W. Ion. from Greenwich, and 5^ 11' 15" E. 
from Washington. It is 105 miles from Portland, Me., 214 from New 
York, 302 from Philadelphia, 439 from Washington, 985 from Cincinnati, 
and 1,809 from New Orleans. The population in 1790, was J8,033, in 
1800, 24,937; in 1810, 33,250; in 1820, 43,298; in 1830, 61,391; in 1840, 
93,338 ; in 1845, 114, 366 ; 

The harbor extends from Nantasket to the city, and spreads from 
Nahant to Hingham, containing 75 square miles. It is defended by Forts 
Warren and Independence, the former of which is on Governor's Island, 
and the latter on Castle Island. The inner harbor has a depth of water 
sufficient for 500 vessels of the largest class to ride at anchor in safety, 
while the entrance is so narrow as scarcely to admit two ships abreast. 
Boston consists of three parts, viz., Boston on the peninsula. South 
Boston, formerly a part of Dorchester, and east Boston, formerly Noddle's 
island. The "Neck" or isthmus, which in early times formed the only 
connection of the peninsula with the main land, is over a mile in length, 
and still constitutes the main avenue to the city from the south ; but by a 
number of extension bridges and artificial avenues, it is connected in 
various directions with the surrounding country. 

The city exhibits a picturesque and beautiful appearance when ap 
proached from the sea; and in surveying its several parts, the traveller 
finds much to admire. The peninsula had originally an uneven surface, 
and the place early received the name of Trimountain, from its three hills, 
and their principal eminences on Beacon Hill. These eminences, thoush 
somewhat lowered, continue to adorn the city. Beacon Hill, on the W. 
part, is 110 feet above high-water mark; it was originally 30 feet higher. 
Fort Hill, on the E. side, fronting the harbor, is 80 feet high ; and Copp's 
Hill in the N. part, is 50 feet above high water On this hill the British 
had a battery in 1775, from which, during the memorable battle of 
Bunker Hill, they bombarded and burned Charlestown. South Boston 
constituted part of Dorchester until 1804, when, by an act of the 
legislature, it was united to the city. It extends about two miles 
along the south side of the harbor. Nearly in the middle of this tract 
are Dorchester heights, or iVlount Washington, 130 feet above tha 
sea. On these heights, the Americans under Washington erected a 
fortification in 1775, which soon compelled the British to evacuate 
Boston. 

East Boston is built on Noddle's island. It is connected with the city by 
a eteam ferry, and with Chelsea, on the main land, by a b.idge 600 feet 



26 STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 

long. Tlie eastern railroad commences here. A wharf 1,000 feet long, 
called Cuiiard's wharf, has been granted free of charge for 20 years, for 
the use of the Liverpool line of steamships. East Boston has wholly 
grown up since 1833, and already constitutes an important part of the 
city. 

The Common occupies the declivity of Beacon Hill ; it has a pleasantly 
diversified surface, and covers a space of 75 acres. The State House oc- 
cupies its north part. Boston is generally well built, mostly of brick, and 
many of its private residences are elegant. Among the public buildings, 
the State House is the principal. It is situated on the summit of Beacon 
Hill, 110 feet above the level of the sea, and fronts on the spacious Com- 
mon. This edifice is 173 feet long, and 61 wide. The lower story has a 
large hall or public walk in the centre, 50 feet square and 20 feet high, 
supported by Doric columns. In the middle of the south side of this 
story, is a statue of Washington, by Chantry. The rooms above are — 
the representatives' room, in the centre, 55 feet square ; the senate cham- 
ber, 55 feet long, and 33 feet wide, and 30 feet high, with two screens of 
Ionic columns, supporting with their entablature a richly-decorated 
arched ceiling. In another part of the building is the council-chamber, 

27 feet square. The dome is ascended by a spiral stairway on the inside ; 
and from its top is presented a view of the harbor, the bay, and the sur- 
rounding country. 

Faneuil Hall was erected in 1742, by a gentleman whose name it bears, 
and was by him presented to the city. It 
was enlarged in 1805, and is now 100 feet 
long and 80 wide, and three stories high. 
The lower story is occupied by stores. The 
great hall in the second story is 76 feet 
square and 28 higli, with galleries on three 
sides, supported by Doric columns, and the 
ceiling is supported by two ranges of Ionic 
l|JlJ|:!! columns. The west end is ornamented by a 
full length portrait of Washington, by Stu- 

art; and another of Peter Faneuil, Esq^, 

.jopied from an original picture. Above the great hall, is another in the 
third story, 78 feet long and 30 feet wide, devoted to military exercises. 
This venerable building has been appropriately called " the cradle of 
American liberty." It is the property of the city, and secured by its 
charter from ever being devoted to any but public purposes. There are 
75 churches in the city. The old State House, at the head of State-street, 
was built in 1658 ; it has been twice destroyed by fire, and was the last time 
rebuilt in 1747. It was formerly occupied by the state legislature. An 
elegant Merchants' Exchange has been recently erected in State-street. It 
contains the post-office, a reading-room, &c. Quincy Market is a 
splendid edifice, 585 feet long and 50 feet wide ; it is directly east of 
Faneuil Hall. The wings are two stories high, and at the E. and W. 
ends are five porticoes, of four Grecian Doric columns. The new court- 
house, constructed of hewn Quincy granite, is 176 feet long, 54 feet 
wide, and 57 feet high ; and the N. and S. fronts are adorned with Grecian 
Doric porticoes. The interior has four court-rooms, each 50 by 40 feet, 
besides various public offices. The Custom-house has an elegant Doric 
portico its whole length, and a fine dome in the centre. The houses of 
Industry, Correction, and Reformation, are pleasantly situated in South 
Boston, near the brow of Dorchester heights, and are surrounded by 




STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 27 

ornamented grounds. The Treniont House is one of the finest hotels in 
the United States. There are two theatres in the city. 

The Medical Institution of Harvard University is located in Boston, 
where its professors reside. It was founded in 1782, has six professors, 
157 students, and over 5,000 volumes in its library. The lectures com- 
mence on the lirst Wednesday of November, annually. The Institution for 
the Blind has been liberally patronized ; it has a splendid edifice on Mount 
Washington, South Boston. 

Boston has 106 literary and charitable societies. Among the literary 
societies of a high order, is the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 
founded in 1780, which has published four quarto volumes of its transac- 
tions, and has a library of over 2,000 volumes. The Massachusetts His- 
torical Society was incorporated in 1794. Its collections have been 
published in 26 volumes octavo, in which are many valuable papers. Its 
library, consisting of books and manuscripts, amounts to over 6,000 articles, 
many of them rare and valuable, besides several paintings of distinguished 
individuals. The Boston Athenaeum was incorporated in 1837, and has a 
library of over 30,000 volumes, a collection of over 2,000 coins and 
medals, and a reading-room well furnished with American and foreign 
newspapers. The Boston Society of Natural History was instituted in 
1830, and has a cabinet and museum. The Boston museum possesses a 
rare and valuable collection of curiosities. The Massachusetts hospital, 
in the western part of the city, is deserving of notice ; it has a beautiful 
edifice, built of granite, and surrounded by grounds highly ornamented 
with trees and shrubbery. 

There are 36 newspapers published here, of which 12 are daily ; of the 
remainder, a portion are semi-weekly and weekly, and others weekly. 
Besides newspapers, there are a number of magazines and reviews , 
Uie most distinguished of the latter is the North American Review. 

The city is supplied with water brought from Jamaica pond in Rox 
bury, 4 miles from the city, by the Aqueduct Corporation, formed in 1795. 

Cars leave Boston twice daily, on each of the railroads for Port- 
land, {fare $3 ;) for Lowell, {fare 50 cts.,) three times, and Concord, JV. 
H., {fare fl.75,) twice daily; for Pitckbarg three times daily, {fare 
$1.25;) for Albany, JV. Y., twice daily, {fare $5 to S6.) Cars leave 
daily far J^ew York on fire different routes, {fare $3 to $6,) {see page 66.) 
Cars leave twice daily for Providence, {fare $\ .2r> ;) for JVew Bedford 
(fare $1.50,) and Fall River, {fare $1.35,0 and also for Plymouth, 
(fare $1.) See pages 65, 66, 67. 

Charlkstown, one mile north of Boston, is situated on a peninsula, 
between Mystic and Charles rivers, and is connected by bridges with 
Boston, Cambridge, Chelsea, and Maiden. The streets, although not 
regular, are wide, and ornamented with trees. It has a square, around 
which a number of the public buildings are situated. It contains a stato 
prison, the M'Lean Insane Asylum, an almshouse, a town-house, 3 banks, 
a United States navy yard, a marine hospital, and 12 churches. The navy 
yard is situated on the north side of Charles river, embracing 60 acres of 
ground, enclosed by a wall, within which are erected the warehouse, 
arsenal, mHgazine, ropewalk, dwellings for the officers, &c., all of brick, 
and two immense edifices of wood, under which the largest vessels ol 
war are constructed. Here is a dry-dock of hewn granite, 341 feet long, 
80 wide, and 30 feet deep. The M'Lean Insane Asylum is pleasantly 
situated on elevated ground ; the buildings are large and commodious, 
and attached to the institution are 15 acres of land, handsomely laid out. 



28 



STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS, 



H 




and tastefully ornamented. The state prison is NW. of the city, and 
consists of four large stone buildings, a chapel, ifcc, enclosed by a high 
wall. Bunker HUl, or more properly, Breed's Hill, is a little north of 

§Charlestown. On the site of the battle, 62 feet above 
the level of the sea, the Bunker Hill Monument has 
B been erected. The corner-stone was laid by La Fayette, 

on the 50th anniversary of the battle, June 17th, 1825. 
This foundation having been found insufficient, the 
corner-stone of the present structure was laid in March, 
1827. The monument was completed July 23d, 1842. 
Its form is that of an obelisk, 30 feet square at the base, 
and 16 feet 4^ inches at the top. The height from the 
base to the top, is 221 feet. It is substantially built of 
hewn Q,uincy granite. The interior is circular, having a 
diameter of 10 feet 7 inches at the bottom, and of 6 
feet 4 inches at the top, and is ascended by 294 steps. 
At the top is an elliptical chamber, 17 feet high and 11 
fe-- feet in diameter, with 4 windows. A most beautiful 
view is obtained from this apartment, of Boston, its harbor, and tfie sur- 
rounding country. Ovmibuses arrive from, and depart for Boston, every 
15 minutes daily. 

Cambridge, 3 miles NW. from Boston, consists of three parts — Old 
Cambridge, the seat of the University; Cambridge Port, about halfway be- 
tween the university and the bridge leading to Boston ; and East Cam- 
bridge, formerly Lechmere's Point, opposite to the north part of Boston. 
It is one of the oldest towns in New England, incorporated in 1630, by 
the name of Newtown, but eight years after took its present name. It 
contains a court-house, jail, state arsenal 3 banks, 16 churches, 2 acade- 
mies, and 9,0U0 
inhabitants. It 
is the seat of 
Cambridge Uni- 
versity, the old- 
est and best 
endowed insti- 
tution in the 
Union; founded 

in 1638. From a 

donation made to it by tlie Kev. John Harvard, it was called Harvard College. 
Its funds now amount to over half a million of dollars. It has a president, 29 
professors or other instructors, has had 5,942 alumni, has 280 students, 
and 68,500 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the fourth 
Wednesday in August. The buildings consist of University Hall, an 
elegant granite edifice 140 by 50 feet, and 42 feet high, containing a 
chapel, 6 lecture-rooms, dining halls, &c. ; Harvard Hall, a brick edifice 
108 by 40 feet, containing the library, the philosophical apparatus, and 
mineralogical cabinet ; and four other buildings, denominated Massa- 
chusetts, Hollis, Stoughton, and Holworthy Halls, with rooms for the 
accommodation of the students ; Holden Chapel, contaming the anatomi- 
cal museum, chemical laboratory, and lecture-rooms ; and three other 
edifices for the students. The buildings occupy an enclosed plain of 14 
acres. It has a botanical garden of 8 acres, with a large collection of 
trees, plants, and shrubs, native and foreign. The Medical Institution has 
6 professors. The lectures commence on the first Wednesday in No- 




STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 



29 




A ^- 



vember. It has a library of over 5,000 volumes. Mount Auburn Cemetery 
is in Cambridge, 5 miles from Boston. The 
grounds occupy about 70 acres, and are prettily 
diversiiied with hill and valle>, mostly cover 
ed with a great variety of native trees, anc? 
planted with ornamental shrubbery. Therf 
are also several beautiful sheets of water. 
It has been tastefully laid out with avenues 
and paths. Cambridge was a place of im- 
portance in the early history of the country. ' 
The first printing-press in America was established here, in 11)39, by 
Stephen Day. It was long the literary centre round which the affections 
of tlie colonists clustered. Immediately after the battle of Lexington, at 
the commencement of the revolutionary war, 20,000 men collected here, 
and July 2d, 1775, Gen. Washington arrived and established his head 
qutirters at this place. Omuibuses arrive from, and depart for Boston 
every half hour daily. 

Ro.vBURV, 2 miles south of Boston, is connected with the city by a 
neck of land. It contains 16 churches, 2 banks, many beautiful dwellings, 
and about 12,000 inhabitants. 

Lexington is 11 miles NW. from Boston, and contains 2 churches and 
about 50 dwellings. This village is celebrated as the place where the first 
blood was shed at the opening of the great drama of the revolution. The 
legislature of Massachusetts have c lused d monument to be erected on the 
spot where the first viclims .^_, ,0^ ^ — -^. 

fell, to perpetuate the memo 
ry of the slain, and of thi-j 
event. The engraving is 1 ■ 
view from the Concord roid , 
the monument is on an eh va 
tion, on the western sideol the 

green; a school-house si ood -c^if '^"y^g»pitS£p^ p 4 ^ ^^^p^^^>--J|gy(|glt^--'t 
there at the time the British j 
troops fired upon the Amen "^^t^^^^^^^S^*^ '■5^^^^;^^»<^^'" rvK'-c; 
cans, on the memorable lytli of April, 177.'S. 'J'he church stands m the 
place of the old one, which was taken down in 1794, when the present 
one was erected. Cars from Boston 3 times daily, fare 25 cents. 

Concord lies 17 miles NW. of Boston. It contains a court-house, jail, 
a bank, 2 churches, and an academy. Population 1,784. The first blood 
of the revolution was shed here on the part of the British. They, after 
killing 8 Americans at Lexington, proceeded to this place, where they 
were resisted, and two British soldiers killed. A monument records the 
event. Cars arrive from, and depart for Boston, [fare 50 cts.) 4 times 
daily, and also for Fitchburg, 

Salem, the largest town in Essex county, is the oldest and largest sea- 
port but one in Massachusetts, situated 14 miles NNW. from Boston. It 
ifc chiefly built on a point of land formed by two inlets from the sea, called 
North and South rivers, and contains 18 churches, 9 banks, and 16,000 
inhabitants. The public square, containing ten acres, lies in the northern 
part of the town, and is almost perfectly level, enclosed and shaded by a 
large number of elms. An aqueduct supplies the city with soft spring 
water. On a peninsula below the town, are Fort Pickering and Fort Lee, 
ann on an island there is a light-house. In 1692, the witchcraft delusion 
prevailed iu Salem, and 19 persons were tried and executed. Cars arrive 




30 



STATE OP MASSACHUSETTS. 




from, and depart several times daily for Boston. A branch railroad ear 
tends from Salem to Marblehead, a distance of four miles. Cars leave 
for Gloucester daily, via. Beverly and Manchester. 

Newburyport is a port of entry, and one of the principal towns of Essex 
county. It is situated 38 miles northeast of Boston, on a gentle accli- 
vity, on the right bank of the Merrimac, at the union of that river with 
the ocean. It is considered in point of natural advantages, as well as in its 
improvements, one of the most beautiful towns in New England. The 
harbor is safe and spacious, but difficult of entrance. It contains a 
custom-house, 8 churches, an academy, 4 banks, an almshouse, a lyceum, 
and 7,500 inhabitants. Mr. Whitefield, the celebrated preacher, died and 
was buried here. A monument in one of the churches records, " that in 
his ministry of thirty-four years, he crossed the Atlantic thirteen times, 
and preached more than 18,000 sermons." Cars arrive from, and depart 
twice daily for Boston, and also for Portland, Me. Stages leave for 
Haverhill and Exeter, JV. H. 3 times a week. Steamboats daily toHaverhill. 
Lowell, city, and the semi-capital of Middlesex county, is situated 

S-'^ miles NNW. 
trom Boston. In 
the rapidity of 
Its growth, and 
the extent of its 
manufactures, 
It stands un- 
rivalled in the 
United States. 
The town was 

incorporated in l'~J() uid (luhi'icc- four milts square the population 
then was about 200, and its property valued at about $100,000. In 
1834, Belvidere village was added to it, and in 1836, it was incorporated 
as a city. The water-power of this place is very extensive and easily 
available. A canal 60 feet wide and 8 feet deep, commencing at the head 
of Pawtucket Falls, supplies the factories with the water of Concord 
river. The entire fall is thirty feet. In the factories there are employed 
6,430 females, and about 2,200 males. Besides the factories, tliere are 
print-works and bleacheriesj and new manufactories are constantly being 
added. 

Lowell contains 3 banks, a city hall, court-house, market-house, 23 
churches, a Mechanics' hall, an hospital belonging to the factories, 
several public schools, and 25,000 inhabitants. The Mechanics' Associa- 
tion is a flourishing literary society. Besides several newspapers published 
here, there is issued monthly a magazine called the " Offering," edited, and 
its contributions furnished, by female operatives in the factories, which holds 
a very respectable place among the magazines of the day. Cars arrive 
from, a7id depart four times daily for Boston, (fare 50 cts.,) and three 
times for Concord, JV. H. Stages leave three times a week for JVew- 
buryport, Worcester, and also for Brattleboro, Vt. 

Anpover, 23 miles north from Boston, contains 2 banks, 5 churches, 
the Andover Theological Seminary, Philips' Academy, and about 3,000 
inhabitants. The Theological Seminary was founded in 1807. It has 5 
professors — one of sacred literature, one of Christian theology, one of 
sacred rhetoric and ecclesiastical history, and one assistant professor — 86 
students , 965 graduates, and 17,500 volumes in its libraries. Commence- 
ment is on the 4th Wednesday of September. Funds to the amount of 



STATE OP MASSACHUSETTS. 



31 




,000 have been contributed by a few benevolent donors. Philips' 
Academy was founded in 1778, and has a fund of $50,000. The number 
of students is limited to 130, all of whom study the learned languages. 
Cars arrive from, and depart for Boston ^wice daily. 

Plymouth lies 37 miles SE. from Boston, on Plymouth bay. It has the 
noble distinction — -_ ^^^^^_ ___ 

ofbeing the place ,-r ^ 

where the "Pil- 
grim fathers" 
landed, after their 
perilous voyage, 
on the twenty- 
secondof Decem- 
ber, 1620, and 
also of being the 

first town built in New England, by civilized man. Plymouth con- 
tains a court-house, 6 churches, 2 banks, 2 academies, and about 
5,500 inhabitants. The rock on which the Pilgrims landed has been con- 
veyed to the centre of the village. The anniversary of the landing is 
celebrated annually. In Pilgrim Hall is a large painting representing 
the landing from the May flower — the chair of Governor Carver — the sword- 
blade of Capt. Miles Standish, and other curiosities. Cars arrive from, 
and depart twice daily for Boston, (fare $1.) Stages leave three times 
a week for Barnstable, for Falmouth, for Mew Bedford, and for Taunton. 

New Bedford, a port of entry, and the semi-capital of Bristol coun- 
ty, is 56 miles _^_ 
south of Bos- 
ton. Population J^ 
15,000. It is on ^, 
the west side of 
an arm of the | 
sea which sets 
up from Buz 
zard's bay. The 
ground rises rap- 
idly from the water, and presents a fine appearance wlien approached 
from the sea. A wooden bridge and causeway, three-fourths of a mile long, 
connects it with Fairhaven. It contains a jail, court-house, 4 banks, a 
savings institution, and ]8 churches. The harbor is safe and com- 
modious, but not easy of access. The whale fishery is extensively carried 
on here. There is a Friends' academy exclusively devoted to the educa- 
tion of females. As early as the year 1764, we find the settlers of the 
village of Bedford sending out small craft in search of the greasy monsters, 
some of which reached as far south as the Falkland Islands. Twice has 
the whale fishery been interrupted by war with Britain, but vigorously 
and successfully renewed as often, and is now continually increasing. 
The vessels engaged in the fishery amount to 229, all ships but four, having 
on board 6,000 seamen. Cars arrive from, and depart twice daily for 
Boston, {fare $1.50.) Steamboats leave daily for JiTantiicket ; stages 
3 times a week for Providence, forJVewport, and also for Barnstable, via 
Sandwich. 

Taunton, semi-capital of Bristol county, 36 miles south of Boston, 
is pleasantly situated at the head of navigation on Taunton river. The 
village contains a court-house, a town house, 9 churches, 3 banks. 




32 



STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 




nnd 8,000 inhabitants. Iron works were established here in 1652. Cars 
arrive from, and depart twice daily for Boston, and for J^ew Bedford, 
and also for Fall River. 

Fall River, Bristol county, Massachusetts, is 53 miles south from 
Boston. Watuppa Pond, 2 miles east of the village, is 11 miles long and 
1 broad, and con.-titutes by its outlet. Fall River. This river, which is 
an unfailing stream, descends 140 feet in 80 rods, creating an immense 
water-power. It enters Taunton river on the east side, at its entrance into 
Mount Hope oay, producing a fine harbor, navigable for the largest ships. 
It is safe and easy of access. The village contains 13 churches, 2 banks, 
several factories, and 7,000 inhabitants. Jl steamboat plies daily to Prov- 
idence, R. I. Cars arrivefrom, and depart daily for Boston, (fare $1.35.^ 
Worcester, capital of the county of the same name, is 44 miles west 
by south from Boston. This place is one of the finest and largest of the 
inland cities of New England. It contains a court-house, 4 banks, 7 
churches, and 7,500 inhabitants. The hall of 
the American Antiquarian Society has a cen- 
tral building, 46 feet long and 36 feet wide, 
with a neat Doric portico ; and two wings, 28 
feet long and 21 feet wide. It has a library of 
12,000 volumes, containing many rare and 
valuable works relating to American history, 
Hiid Hiterestiiig specimens of early printing, nearly half of them dona- 
tions from Isaiah Thomas, Esq., its first president, and author of the 
*' History of Printing." The Massachusetts Lunatic Asylum, is a com- 
modious building. Cars arrive from, and depart several times daily for 
Boston ; also for Albany, via Springfield ; JVew Haven, via Springfield 
and Hartford ; Allyn's Point, via JVorwich ; and Providence, via fVnon- 
socket Falls. Stages leave 3 times a week for Lowell; for J^Tashim, 
JV*. H., via Fitchburg: for Keene, JV. H. ; for Brattleboro, Ft., and for 
Greenfield, Mass. 
Springfikld, capital of Hampden county, is on the left bank of the Con- 
necticut river, 
26 miles north 
from Hartford, 
98 west from 
Boston. Popula- 
tion 15,000. The 
main street ex- 
tends along the 
river between 2 
and three miles. 
The houses are well Lmilt, and many ot them elegant. The town contains 
a court-house, jail, 8 churches, two banks, and one of the most extensive 
United States arsenals of construction in the country. The armory is situ- 
ated on elevated ground, half a mile east of the village. The buildings 
are very extensive, of brick, and admirably arranged for the manufacture 
and storage of fire-arms. The estabhshment has 250 workmen, and com- 
pletes 45 muskets daily. The water-power here employed is owned by 
the United States. It operates upon 18 water-wheels. Fare from or to 
Boston, $2.75, Albany, $2.2.5, JVeio York, $3.25. Cars arrive from, and 
depart for Boston, for Mew Haven, for Albany, and for Qreenfield 
twice daily. Stages leave for JVorwich, Ct., 3 times a week. 

Northampton, capital of Hampshire county, is 93 miles west from 




STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 33 

Boston. Population 3,700. The village is on the right bank of Con- 
necticut river, and is regarded as one of the most pleasant for residence 
in New England. Round Hill, a considerable elevation in the west part 
of tlie village, is the seat of the celebrated Round Hill Seminary, on the 
plan of a German gymnasium. The villuge contains a court-house, a 
town-hall, 2 banks, and 6 churches. The Female Seminary here, is pa- 
tronized from all parts of the United States. The scenery around is 
highly picturesque, including the beautiful valley of the Connecticut, and 
Mount Holyoke, 830 feet high, on the opposite side of the river, whose 
top affords one of the tinest views in this part of the United States. Cars 
arrive fj-om, and depart for Springfield; and also for Greenfield several 
times daily ; and also for tjie White Mountains, via Greenfield, Brattle- 
boro\ Vt., Bellows'' Falls, £,-c. 

Amherst, 82 miles west from Boston, contains 3 churches, a bank, 
an academy, and 2,500 inhabitants. Amherst College was founded in 
1821, and incorporated in 1825. It has a president, 11 professors or 
other instructors, 662 alumni, 142 students, and 15,000 volumes in its 
libraries. The philosophical apparatus is very complete, and it has a 
valuable cabinet of natural history, including mineralogy. Commence 
menton the fourth Thursday in July. Stages leave daily for Springfieldt 
and 3 times a week for JVorthamjiton, and also for Worcester. 

Greenfield, 92 miles WNW. from Boston, is situated on the right 
bank of the Connecticut river, and contains a court-house, a town-house, 
a bank, 5 churches, the Greenfield Institute for males, the Greenfield High- 
school for young ladies, and about 150 dwellings. Cars leave daily for 
J^'orthampton and also for Brattleboro, Vt., stages^ times a week for 
Fitchburg, and also for Albany, via Williamstown. 

WiLLiAMSTOVVN is 131 miles west by north from Boston. The village is 
on uneven ground, and contains a church, an academy, the buildings of 
Williams College, and about 50 dwellings. Williams College was founded 
in 1793. It has a president and 7 professors, 967 alumni, 144 students, and 
7,500 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the third Wed- 
nesday in August, Stages pass through the village 3 times a loeek from 
Pittsfield, from Greenfield, and from Bennington, Vt. 

PiTTSFiELD, 151 miles from Boston, 33 from Albany, is situated on the 
Housatonic river, which here affords an immense hydraulic power, giving 
motion to several mills and manufactories. The village contains five 
churches, a bank, and the Berkshire Medical Institution, founded in 
1823, having 5 professors, 100 students, and 500 graduates ; the lectures 
commence on the first Thursday in September. Cars pass through this 
place twice daily for Boston, and for Albany, JV. Y ; also for JV. Adams. 

Nantucket is situated on an island of the same name, 30 miles from 
the main shore, and 109 SSE. from Boston. It has a good harbor, nearly 
land-locked by two projecting beaches. About 150 vessels belong to this 
port, and are nearly all engaged in the whale fishery. The village is com- 
pactly built, and contains a court-house, 9 churches, 3 banks, an atheneum, 
with a neat edifice, and a library of over 2,000 volumes, a museum, and 
the Coffin School. This school was endowed by its founder. Admiral Sir 
Isaac Coffin, of the British navy, with a building and £2*500 sterling for 
its support. A steamboatplies daily to JVew Bedford via Holmes'' Hole, &c. 

Hopkinton Mineral Spring is 37 miles from Boston, and 3* miles from the 
depot at Westborough ; the waters contain carbonic acid, and carbonate of 
lime, and iron. There is a large and commodious hotel, near Whitehall 
Pond at Uiis place. 



84 



STATE OF RHODE ISLAND. 



t oit CrauanicQ, 








RHODE ISLAND is the smallest state in the Union, 
being about49 miles long and 29 broid. coiitaming 1,360 
square miles, of which Narragansett bay includes 130; 
.and the whole state contains but 870,400 acres. Popu- 
lation in 1840, 108,830. 

This state on the north and west is hilly and broken, 
jbut becomes gradually level towards the sea. The 
islands in Narragansett bay are distinguished by their 
pleasing and diversified scenery and fertile soil. The 
climate is healthy, particularly on the islands, where the sea-breezes have 
the effect not only of mitigating the heat in summer, but moderating the 
cold in winter, and rendering the climate truly delightful. The rivers, 
though not large, furnish many fine mill-seats, which are extensively used 
for manufacturing purposes. The principal are — Pawtucket, Providence. 
Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, and Wood rivers. Narragansett bay is a fine 
body of water, and contains a number of beautiful and fertile islands. 
Among them is Rhode Island, which gives name to the state. 

The government consists of a governor, a senate, and house of repre- 
sentatives. The governor and lieutenant-governor are appointed annually 
by the people. The senate consists of the lieutenant-governor and one 
member from each town or city in the state. The house of representa- 
tives consists of 69 members, and cannot exceed 72. The judicial power 
18 vested in a supreme court, and such inferior courts as the General As- 
sembly shall from time to time establish. Every person who is a citizen 
of the United States, of the age of 21 years, who has resided in the state 
one year, and in the county six months in which he offers his vote, is a 
legal voter, under the following regulations : 1st, all citizens native or 
naturalized, without regard to color, who are possessed of a freehold of 
$134, or renting for $7 per annum ; 2d, all native citizens, without regard 
to color, who either pay a property tax of one dollar or a voluntary 
registry tax of one dollar. A residence at any garrison or naval station in 
the state does not give a legal residence. 

Brown University was founded at Warwick in 1764, but removed to 
Providence in 1770. It is under the direction of the Baptists. There are 
in the state 55 academies or grammar schools, and 500 common schools. 

Rhode Island was first settled by Roger Williams in 1636. It was the 
last of the old thirteen states that adopted the constitution of the United 
Slates, which it did May 20th, 1790, by a majority of two votes. 

WooNsocKET Falls, 15 miles NNW. from Providence, is situated at 
the falls of Blackstone river. The village is partly in Smithfield. On the 
Cumberland side it contains 6 churches and 2 banks. It has a great 
number of factories, and about 4,000 inhabitants. The Blackstone canal 
passes through the village. Cars pass through it daily from Provi- 
dence and Worcester. Stages leave for Boston 3 times a week. 




STATE OF RHODE ISLAND. 33 

Bristol lies 18 miles S. by E.from Providence, on a branch of Narragai>- 
sett bay. It contains a court-house, market-house, 2 banks, 5 churches, 
and about 3,000 inhabitants. Mount Hope lies about 2 miles northeast 
from the court-house. This was in early times the favorite residence of 
King Philip, the celebrated Pequod chief, so formidable an enemy of the 
colonists. From its summit a beautiful view is obtained of the bay and 
the surrounding country. Steamboats ply daily to and from Providence. 

Providence, city, and one of the capitals of the state, is situated at 
the head of Narragansett bay, on the Seekonk or Providence river, 35 
miles from the ocean, and is in 41° 49' 22" N. iat., and 71" 24' 48" W. Ion. 
It is 42 miles SSW. from Boston, 173 east from New York, and 396 from 
Washington. Population 32,000. The compact part of the city ]ies on 
both sides of the river, and is connected by two bridges, one of which is 
90 feet wide. The principal wholesale business is done on the east side. 
The Blackstone canal terminates here. Among the public buildings are, 
the State House, _ 

City Hall, Ar- ^r]g=gq= 
cade, 21 banks, ^^ 

the state prison, ^^jj^^^^^^^lj,^ >^fcC^'i- ,- JMJ^SlLL. 
hospital, a thea 
tre, the custom- 
house, atheneun. 
33 churches, the J 
halls of Brown : 
University,ahigh 

school, and several public sciiools. The buildiiijis ot Brown University 
occupy a commanding situation on Prospect-street, at the head of 
College-street, on the east side of the river. It has a president and 8 
professors, 1,690 alumni, 140 students, and 25,000 volumes in its libraries. 
The commencement is on the first Wednesday in September. It has an 
extensive philosophical and chemical apparatus ; and the cabinets of 
mineralogy and natural history are very complete. The Friends' Boarding 
School, three-quarters of a mile northeast from the University, is a 
flourishing institution, with 10 instructors and 200 pupils. The Atheneum, 
founded in 1836, has a handsome granite building and 12,000 volumes in 
its library. The town was settled in 1636 by Roger Williams, who fled 
from Massachusetts on account of his religious opinions, and who adopted 
the principles of universal toleration. Steamboats arrive frovn, and 
depart daily for JVew York, (fare 2 to $3,) and for J^ewport, and also fur 
Fall River, Mass. Cars leave daily for Boston, (/are $'1.25, ) and for 
Stonington, and also for Worcester, via Woonsocket Falls. Stages ar- 
rive from, and depart daily for JVewport, and also for JVew Bedford, via 
Fall river ; and 3 times a week for Hartford. 

Newport, the capital of Newport county, and one of the capitals of 
the state, is situated on the SW. side of Rhode Island, 71 miles SW. 
from Boston. The harbor, enclosed by Brenton's Point on the SW. 
and Goat Island in front, is safe, and has a depth of water sufficient for the 
Jargest ships. The harbor is defended by forts Adams and Green. The 
town is beautifully situated, being built on a gentle acclivity, which rises 
gracefully from the water. Its healthful climate, pleasing scenery, and 
the cooling sea-breezes, have rendered it a favorite summer resort. It 
contains a state-house, market-house, theatre, almshouse, a library con 
taming over 4,000 volumes, many of them rare old folios, 3 academies, 7 
bariK.s, 13 churches, and 9,000 inhabitants Newport is unrivalled in its 



m 



STATE OF CONNECTICUT. 



fish-market, having nearly 60 different kinds of scale and shell fish, and in 
great abundance. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for JVew 
York, and also for Providence, and 3 times a week for JVew Bedford. 

Pavvtucket, four miles north of Providence, is situated on both sides 
of Pawtucket river. It is a large and flourishing manufacturing village, 
and contains 9 churches, 3 banks, 12 cotton factories, and about 6,000 
inhabitants. 




CONNECTICUT, the southernmost of the eastern 
states, lies between 41o and 42° 2' N. lat., and 71<^ 20* 
and 73° 15' W. Ion. It contains 4,674 square miles, 
^j^j or 2,291,360 acres. Pop. in 1840, 300,015. 
^^_ Though generally hilly and broken, no part of the 
^^£^^^?" surface rises to a great elevation above the sea. The 
^S--' greatest elevation is a range of mountains commencing 
at a bluff called East Rock, near New Haven, and 
contiiiumg" northward through the state. The hills are generally of mod- 
erate size, and occur in quick succession, in ranges trending northward, 
presenting to the traveller an ever varying prospect. The soil is generally 
fertile, but better adapted to grazing than tillage. 

The three principal rivers are the Connecticut, navigable for vessels 
drawing eight feet of water, 50 miles to Hartford, crossing the state nearly 
in the middle, and entering the Sound between Saybrook and Lyme ; the 
Housatonic, navigable for small vessels 12 miles to Derby, and entering 
the Sound between Milford and Stratford; the Thames, navigable 14 
miles to Norwich, and entering the Atlantic at New London. Farmington 
and Naugatuck are ©onsiderable streams, furnishing extensive water- 
power. The principal seaports are New London, New Haven, and 
Bridgeport. Long Island Sound extends the whole length of the state. 

This state has 3 colleges : — Yale College, at New Haven, one of the 
oldest, and also the most flourishing institution of the kind in the United 
States ; Washington College, at Hartford ; and the Wesleyan University, 
at Middletown. There are in the state 130 academies, and 1,700 common 
and primary schools. Connecticut has a larger school fund than any of 
the other states, amounting to about ^2,000,000. 

The government is vested in a governor, lieutenant-governor, who is 
president of the senate, and a senate and house of representatives. The 
senate consists of not less than 18, nor more than 24 members. Most of 
the towns choose two representatives ; some, of less population, but one. 
The sessions of the legislature are held annually, alternately at Hartford 
and New Haven. The Supreme Court consists of five judges, appointed 
by the legislature, who hold their offices during good behavior, or until 
they are 70 years of age. 






STATE OF CONNECTICUT. 37 

Tlie colony of Connecticut was settled in 1633, at Windsor, by emi- 
grants from Massachusetts, who penetrated through the wilderness. Hart- 
ford was settled by the English in 1635, the Dutch having previously built 
a fort there. The colony at New Haven was settled by the English in 
1638. By a charter granted by Charles II., in 1665, these colonies were 
united. During the tyranny of Andros, an attempt was made to procure 
a surrender of the charter. The subject was publicly debated in the 
evening, at Hartford, when suddenly the candles were extinguished, and 
the charter was hid in the hollow of an oak tree, which has become 
famous since as the Charter Oak. This charter continued to be the basis 
of the government until the year 1818. The constitution of the United 
States was adopted in a convention, January 9, 1788 ; yeas 128, nays 40. 

New Haven, the capital of New Haven county, and semi-capital of 
the state, is beautifully situated round the head of a bay which sets up 
four miles from Long Island Sound. Population 20,500. 

It lies on a plain with a gentle inclination towards the water, skirted in 
other directions by an amphitheatre of hills, two of which present at 
their termination bold bluffs which rise almost perpendicularly to the 
hdght of 370 feet. From these elevations a fine view of the surrounding 
country may be had, including in its range the Sound, which is here 20 
miles wide. The city extends about three miles from east to west, and 
two miles from north to south, and is laid out with regularity. The 
public square, shaded with elms, is one of the finest in the country. The 
State House, a large and well-constructed building of the Grecian Doric 
order, is on the western portion of the square, and on the west side, facing 
the ea.t. is the fine range of buildings belonging to Yale College. The 
houses of the city are generally built of wood, neatly painted white, and 
surrounded by gardens ornamented with shrubbery and fruit trees. As a 
place for a quiet and elegant residence, it is unsurpassed. The city con- 
tains 20 churches, a custom-house, an almshouse, a museum, 3 banks, and 
a savings insti 
tution. But tha 
most important 
public institution 
is Yale College 
It was founded} 
at Killing worth, 
in 1701, and per 
manently estab 

lished at New 

Haven in 1717. Ihere tire tour college haii* J04 teet long bj 4U teet 
wide, and four stories high. There is also another hall for theological 
students, and three other buildings, denominated the chapel, the lyceum, 
and the atheneum. In the rear of the main buildings is another range, 
consisting of a chemical laboratory, the Commons' hall, which has in its 
second story the most complete mineralogical cabinet in the United 
States, and a building containing a fine collection of paintings by Col. 
Trumbull and others. A short distance from these are the buildings de- 
voted to the law and medical departments. Yale College has a greatei 
number of students than any other college in the United States. It has a 
president and 31 professors, 394 students, 5,463 alumni, and 34,500 volumes 
in its libraries. The commencement is on the third Thursday in August.. 
The Medical Institute of Yale College, founded in 1810, has 6 professorp. 
34 students, and 810 graduates. Lectures commence six weeks after the 




38 STATE OF CONNECTICUT. 

third Thursdny in August. There are inthiscity 11 select schools for males, 
10 seminaries for feiniiles, 2 Lancasterian schools, besides many others. 

New Haven was settled in 1638. In July, 1779, the British under Gen. 
Tryon had possession of the town for a few days, and committed many 
outrages. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for JVew York. Cars 
leave daily for Boston via Hartford and Springfield ; for JVew York via 
Bridgeport ; and for Farmington. Stages leave 3 times a week for JVew 
JLondon ; for Middletown ; and for Litchfield. 

Hartford, capital of Hartford county, and semi-capital of the state, is 
situated on the right bank of Connecticut river, at the head of sloop 
navigation, 50 miles from its mouth. Population in 1840, 9,468. 

Among the public buildings, the State House, standing on a public 
square fronting Main-street, is conspicuous. It is of the Doric order of 
architecture, 114 feet long, and, with the porticoes, 76 feet wide. The 
legislature meets here on each alternate year. The City Hall, fronting on 
Market-street, is a large and commodious building. Washington College 
occupies an elevated position, in the southwest part of the city. Its main 
building is 148 feet long, 43 wide, and 4 stories high. This institution, 
founded in 1824, has a president and 7 professors or other instructors, 
237 alumni, 80 students, and 6,500 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
mencement is on the first Thursday in August. It is under the direction 
of the Episcopalians. The American Asylum for the Instruction of the 
Deaf and Dumb, was the first institution of the kind established in the 
United States. Its principal building is 130 feet long, 50 feet wide, and 
4 stories high. Attached to it are eight or ten acres of land. The Re- 
treat for the Insane is located 11 miles southwesterly from the State 
House: the situation is elevated, and overlooks a wide extent of in- 
teresting scenery. The grounds around the buildings are handsomely 
laid out in walks ornamented with shrubbery and extensive gardens. 
The main building is 254 feet square and 3 stories high, with wings 2 
stories high, each 70 feet long and 30 feet wide. The Atheneum is an ele- 
gant edifice of the Gothic order, on Main-street. The " Charter Oak," 
which is still vigorous, deserves mention as an object of interest. Hart- 
ford contains 13 churches, 5 banks, 2 markets, and an arsenal. The first 
settlement here was made by the Dutch from New York, in 1633. Steam,- 
boats arrive from, and depart daily for JSTew York. Cars leave dailj) 
for Albany via Springfield, Mass., for Boston, and for JVew Haven. 
Stages leave daily for Litchfield, and also for Poughkeepsie, JV. Y., via 
Canaan ; 3 times a week for Providence, R. I. ; for JVorwich, JVew Lon- 
don, and also JVew Haven, via jyiiddletown. 

New London, city, and port of entry, and semi-capital of New London 
county, is 54 miles east from New Haven and 120 from New York. It is 
on the right bank of Thames river, 3 miles from its mouth, and is built on 
a declivity which descends to the south and east. Back of the city the 
ground rises to a considerable height, from the elevated parts of which a 
fine view is obtained of the surrounding country. It contains a court- 
house, a custom-house, 3 banks, an almshouse, 2 markets, 9 churches, and 
7,000 inhabitants. The harbor is the best in the state, easy of access, spacious, 
and safe, having a depth of water for the largest ships of war. There are 
belonging to this place 50 ships and several smaller vessels engaged in the 
whale fishery. In September, 1781, a large portion of the city was burned 
by the British under Arnold. Fort Griswold, in Groton, was captured, 
and a large part of the garrison massacred. A granite obelisk, 125 feet 
higli, erected near the spot, commemorates the event ; and on a tablet a-re 



STATE OF CONNECTICUT. 39 

inscribed the names of those who fell. Steamboats leave daily for Jfew 
York. Steamboats in connection with cars leave daily for Boston via 
J\roriDich and JVorcester, JUass. Stages leave 3 times a week for Ston- 
ington ; for Providence, K. I. ; for Hartford ; and also for JVew 
Haven. 

Norwich, semi-capital of New London county, is situated at the 
junction of the Yantic and Shetucket rivers with the Thames. The city 
is built on a steep acchvity, the houses on each street, as you ascend, 
overlooking those on the streets below. It is at the head of navigation 
on the Tliames river, and has a court-house, town-house, 4 banks, 8 
churches, 3 academies, and about 5,000 inhabitants. The falls of the 
Yantic are singularly wild and picturesque. From a high projecting rock 
which overhangs the foot of those falls, the Mohegan warriors plunged to 
destruction, when pursued by the Narragansetts. The town formerly be- 
longed to the Mohegan Indians, the burial place of whose kings is still to 
be seen here. Cars arrive from, and depart for Boston daily, and steam- 
boats leave daily for Mew York. Stages leave 3 times a week for Hart- 
ford, and for Springfield, Mass. 

Stonington, 71 miles from New Haven, is situated on a rocky point of 
land, which projects about half a mile into the Sound. It has a good 
harbor, and contains 2 churches, 2 academies, a bank, and about 1,000 
inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for JVew York. 
Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Boston via Providence. Stages 
leave 3 times a week for JSTew London, J^ew Haven, iSrc. 

Stafford Springs are situated on a small branch of Willi mantic river, 
24 miles northeast from Hartford. They have been pronounced by 
chemists to be the most efficacious chalybeate springs in the United States. 
There are two distinct springs, one of which contains "a solution of iron, 
sustained by carbonic acid gas, a portion of marine salt, some earthy 
substances, and what has been called natron, or a native alkali." The 
other contains "a large portion of hydrogen gas, of sulphur, and a small 
proportion of iron." Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Hartford 
during the watering season. 

TvIiDDLETowN Is on the right bank of Connecticut river, and at the head 
of sliip navigation. There are in the city, a court-house, a custom- 
house, 3 banks, 8 churches, the Wesleyan University, 3 academies, and 
about 4,000 inhabitants. The Wesleyan University, under the direction of 
the Methodists, was founded in 1831. It has a president and 8 professors, 
221 alumni, 105 students, and 1,100 volumes in its libraries. Tlie com- 
mencement is on the first Wednesday in August. It has a valuable 
philosophical apparatus, and mineralogical cabinet. Steamboats arrive 
from, and depart daily for Hartford and JVew York. Stages leave three 
times a week for Hartford, for JVew Haven, and for Say brook. 

Bridgeport, Fairfield county, situated on the west side of an arm of 
Long Island Sound, is 17 miles WSW. from New Haven, and 62 NE. 
from New York, and contains 5 churches, 2 banks, several extensive 
manufactories, and about 4,000 inhabitants. Steamboats ply daily to and 
from JVew York. Cars leave daily for Mb any via JVew JMilford, Canaan, 
Great Barrington, J\Iass., 8,'c., £rc. 

Litchfield, 33 miles west from Hartford, is pleasantly situated on the 
summit of a hill, and contains a court-house, 2 churches, an academy, a 
bank, and about 800 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Hartford; 3 
times a week for JVew Haven ; for Cornwall ; and for JVew JMilford. 



40 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 




NEW \'ORK is situated between 40° 30 and 45" 
00' N. Jat., and between 71" 56' and 79*56' W. Jon., 
and contains an area of 46,000 square miles. Popula- 
tion 1840, 2,428,921 ; 1845, 2,584,365. 

Physical features. — This state is divided into three 
unequal parts, by two great valleys, viz. : First, the 
valley of the Hudson, including the depression in which 
Lake Champlain is situated — or more properly the val- 
leys of the Hudson and of Champlain united : Second, 
^ the valleys of the Mohawk and Oneida lake and Os- 
^^^ wego river united. The eastern division is a long 
^^ narrow belt extending from New York Island to the 
.nead of Lake Champlain. Its eastern limits are the borders of Con- 
necticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont, with a slope westward to the 
Hudson, traversed longitudinally by several narrow valleys. This division 
comprehends the western slope of the Taghkanic Mountains, which form 
the water-shed that separates the waters flowing into the Hudson from 
those vvliich flow into Long Island Sound. The north division of the state 
is traversed by the Clinton range. There are several subordinate ranges 
connected with this group. It begins at Little Falls, in the valley of 
the Mohawk, and pursues a northeast course across the country to 
Trembleau Point, on the west shore of Lake Champlain. There are 
numerous lofty peaks, which form a remarkable group, and have been 
styled the Adirondack Mountains. Mount Marcy, the highest of the 
range, attains to an elevation 5.467 feet above the sea. This ridge pre- 
sents the water-shed of the region, dividing the waters of the Hudson, or 
those wiiich flow south into the Atlantic, from those which flow into the 
Gulf of St. Lawrence. The south division is situated between I^nke 
Ontario and the Mohawk and the Hudson valleys, and Pennsylvania. It 
rises with a gradual ascent until it reaches its maximum height near the 
southern boundary of the state. The southeastern part of this division is 
comprised in three ranges, viz. : the Highlands, broken through by the 
Hudson ; the Shawangunk ; and the Catskill. 

The principal rivers are the Hudson, 324 miles long, navigable 156 
miles to Troy ; the Mohawk, 135 miles long, which enters the Hudson a 
little above Troy ; the Genesee, 125 miles long, which enters Lake On- 
tario, having at Rochester, 5 miles from its mouth, two falls of 96 and 75 
feet ; Black river, which rises near the sources of the Hudson, and flows 
120 miles into Lake Ontario ; the Saranac, 65 miles long, entering Lake 
Champlain at Plattsburg ; the Oswegatchie, 100 miles, flowing into the 
St, Lawrence ; the Oswego, proceeding 40 miles from Oneida Lake into 
Lake Ontario ; the Au Sable, rising in the Adirondack Mountains, and 
having a course of 75 miles to Lake Champlain. The majestic St 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 41 

Lawrence forms a part of the northern boundary of the state. The head 
braiiclies of the Susquehanna, the Alleghany, and the Delaware, rise in 
this state. 

Besides lakes Ontario and Erie on the N., and Chainplain on the E., which 
are but partly witiiin it, there are wholly within the state many picturesque 
sheets of water — viz.. Lakes George, Oneida, Skaneateles, Owasco, Cayuga, 
Seneca, Crooked lake, Canandaigua, and Chautauque. 

The islands belonging to New York are — liOng Island, 120 miles long 
from VV. to E., with an average width of about 15 miles, within whose 
waters on the east are Fisher's, Shelter, Robin's, and some other islands ; 
Staten Island, southwest of the harbor of New York, 18 miles long and 
8 wide ; Manhattan Island, on which the city of New York stands, 13^ 
miles long and about U wide at an average breadth ; Grand Island, in 
Niagara river, 12 miles long and from 2 to 7 wide, and extending to witliin 
a short distance of the falls. 

The harbor of New York is one of the finest in the United States. On 
the bar at Sandy Hook, it has a depth of from 21 to 27 feet. Sag Harbor, 
on the E., and Brooklyn on the W. end of Long Island, have good harbors. 
Sacketts Harbor has a good natural, and Oswego a good artiticial harbor, 
on Lake Ontario. ButJ'alo and Dunkirk are harbors on Lake Erie. 

This state has a number of highly respectable literary institutions: — 
Columbia College, (formerly King's,) founded in New York in 1754; 
Union College, at Schenectady, founded in 1795 ; Hamilton College, in 
Clinton, founded in 1812; Geneva College, in Geneva, founded in 1823; 
the University of the City of New York, founded in 1831 ; St. Jolin's Col- 
lege, at Fordham, founded in 184] ; the Hamilton Literary and Theologi- 
cal Seminary, founded in 1819 ; the Theological Institute of the Episco- 
pal Church, founded in 1819, in the city of New York ; the Union 
Theological Seminary, connected with the University, founded in 1826 ; 
the Theological Seminary, at Auburn, founded in 1821 ; the Hartvvick 
Seminary, founded at Hartwick, in Otsego county, in 1816 ; the Theologi- 
cal Seminary of the Associate Reformed Church, founded at Newburg, in 
1836; the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in the city of New York, 
founded in 1807 ; the Albany Medical College, founded in 1839. There 
are in the state 550 academies, and 12,000 common and primary schools. 

The governor is elected biennially. He must be 30 years of age, be a 
native-born citizen of the United States, and have resided five years 
in the slate. The lieutenant-governor is elected in like manner, and 
must possess similar qualifications. He is president of the senate ; and 
in case of the disqualification, absence, or death of the governor, discharges 
the duties of that office. The senate consists of 32 members, who are 
chosen for 2 years, one-half of whom are elected annually. The as- 
sembly consists of 128 members, elected annually. The secretary of state, 
comptroller, treasurer, and attorney-general, are elected biennially ; as are 
the engineer and surveyor. The judges hold their offices during a term of 
eight years, and are elected by the people. Every male white citizen 21 
years of age, who has resided one year in the state, and for four months 
preceding the election in the county where he offers his vote, enjoys the 
right of suffrage. Persons of color, who have resided three years in the 
state, and who possess a freehold of $250, and have held it one year 
previous to the election, and paid a tax upon it, are allowed the right of 
Buflrage. 

In 1609, Hendrick Hudson, an Englisli navigator, serving the Dutch 
East Lidia Company, discovered Hudson river, and in 1614 some Dutch 



42 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 



merchants built a fort where the city of New York now stands. The 
etate passed into the possession of the Enghsh in 1664, wlio governed 
it down to the revolution, with the exception of a single year. On the 
26th of July, 1788, this state in convention adopted the constitution of the 
United States ; — yeas 30, nays '25 




JNl\% \(»rk, the nil iroiJuhfe ot iNorth America, and ilie second com 
meruiui ciiy on me gloue, is siiuaied on Manhattan Island, at the con- 
fluence of the Hudson with the East river or strait of Long Island 
Sound, in lat. 40° 42' 40", Ion. 74" 00' 41" W. from Greenwich. Its 
harbor is safe, spacious, easy of access, and capable of accommodating 
the united navies of the world. The harbor occupies a wide circuit of • 
twenty-five miles, everywhere bounded with variegated scenery, villages, 
and country seats, and embosoms several beautiful islands. New York 
has communication, by steam and sailing packets, to all the principal sea- 
ports of America. Europe, Africa, Asia, East and West Indies, and the 
Islands of the Pacific. Its progress in population, commerce, and 
wealth, has no parallel. Population in 1790 was 33,131 ; in 1800, 60,489; 
in 1810, 96,373; in 1820, 123,706; in 1830, 202,589; in 1840, 312,710; 
in 1845, 371,223. 1849, 400,000. 

The streets were originally laid out according to the surface of the 
ground, and some of them were crooked ; but in later times they have 
been widened and improved. No city can exhibit a more beautiful plan 
than the northern portion of New York. Principal business streets ; — Broad- 
way extends from the Battery nearly three miles to Union Square. It is 
80 feet wide, and occupies the height between the two rivers. It is well 
built, with many fine houses and stores. Being the great promenade of 
the city, it is much resorted to in pleasant weather by the gay and 
fashionable. Pearl-street, between Broadway and the East river, is in 
a crescent form, over a mile long, and is the principal seat of the whole- 
sale drygoods and hardware business, which has also extended into Cedar, 
Pine, and other adjacent streets. Water and Front streets, between 
Pearl-street and the East river, are occupied chiefly by wholesale grocers, 
commission merchants, and mechanics connected with the shipping 
business. South-street, extending along the margin of East river, con- 
tains the warehouses and offices of the principal shipping merchants. 
In front of it is, at all times, a dense forest of masts. Wall-street extends 
from Broadway to the East river, and is occupied by banks, insu- 
rance offices, newspaper and brokers' offices, the Custom-house, Mer- 
chants' Exchange, and many fine granite buildings, and is the centre of 
the heaviest m.oney transactions in America. The Bowery is a wide and 
extensive street east of Broadway, running north and south, connected 
with the third avenue, which is macadamized to Harlem, and forms the 
pruicipal entrance to the city from the northeast. 

Public Squares, &c. — The Battery, at the southeastern end of the 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 



43 



bland, is situated at the junction of the Hudson and East rivers. It is in 
Ihe form of a crescent, and contains about 11 acres of ground, tastefully 
laid out, and from it is obtained a fine view of the bay, with its islands, 
and the adjacent shores. Castle Garden is built on a mole, and con- 
nected with the Battery by a bridge. It was originally erected as a 
tortification, and having become unnecessary for that purpose, was ceded 
by the United States to the corporation of the city, in 1823. It has been 
covered by a roof converting it into an immense room, which is used for 
exhibitions, &c. The Bowling Green, at the southern termination of 
Broadway, is an elliptical area, 220 feet long and 140 broad, containing a 
fountain supplied by the Croton water-works, and is enclo->ed by an 
iron railing. It was i^tabhshed before the re\ohition. -md foimerly con- 
tained a leaden statue ot 
George III,, which wa- 
converted into bullets at frr 

that period. The far A, tSr~~- —-, ^ ,j 

called in early times th(r'""sii , ^^^ .„,. j^f,., _ A. . » >i^^ 

Commons, is a triangular [|""""" ""li 

area of lOf acres, lynij 5'l'||iJ.^'!'ter ,?f^^'^;^iM'^^f'^ 
between Broadway, Chat f W%^ ^^ tiSffW ^^3.^-lfcl 
ham,and Chambers streets } \l\£^i^^^k\^^^ 
It contains the City Hall,f -' - *■ 
tlie city buildings, or old 
Almshouse, the Hall ol ' 
Records, and Rotunda for 
the exhibition of paintmgs It h la also, towai h if- south part, a public 
fountain, within a basin 100 feet in diameter, the water of which ascends 
in a single stream to the height of 70 feet, St. John's Park in Hudson- 
street, containing about four acres of ground, is beautifully laid out with 
walks, shaded with trees, and embellished with a fountain. fVashinaton 
Square, a mile and a half north of the City Hall, between Fourth-street 
and Waverley Place, contains about ten acres of ground. Two-thirds of 
this area was the Potter's Field until 1827. It is tastefully laid out with 
walks and shaded with trees. Union Square, at the northern termination 
of Broadway, is in an elliptical form, enclosed with a fine iron fence, 
having a public fountain in the centre, with ornamental jets. Tompkins 
Square, in the northeast part of the city, is a large and ornamented 
ground. Grammercy Park, between the Third and Fourth avenues, is 
small, but very tastefully laid out, and ornamented with trees, shrubbery, 
&c. Madison, Bloomingdale, and Hamilton squares are very extensive 
grounds, but not yet regulated. 

The city of New York has many superb public buildings. The 
most splendid of these is the Merchants'' Exchange, which covers the 
whole space between Wall, William, Exchange, and Hanover streets. 
It is built in the most substantial form, of Q,uincy granite, and is 200 
feet long by 171 to 144 feet wide, 77 feet high to the top of the cor- 
nice, and 124 to the top of the dome. The front on Wall-street has 
a recessed portico of eighteen massive Grecian-Ionic columns, 38 feet 
iiigh and 4 feet four inches in diameter. Besides numerous other rooms 
for various purposes, the Exchange in the centre is in a circular form, 80 
feel in diameter, with four recesses, making the length and breadth each 
100 feet, the whole 80 feet high, surmounted with a dome resting in part 
on eight Corinthian columns of Italian marble, 41 feet high, and lighted 
by a skylight 25 feet in diameter. The Custom-house is a fine building. 



44 STATE OF NEW YORK. 

constructed in the Doric order of Grecian arcliitecture. It is built in tha 
most substantial manner, of white marble, after the model of the Parthenon 
at Athens, and occupies the site of tlie old Federal Hall, in the open 
gallery of which, Washington was inaugurated'. The building is '200 
feet long, 90 feet wide, and 80 feet high. At the south end on Wall- 
Btreet is a portico of eight columns, 5 feet eight inches in diameter and 32 
feet high ; and on the north end on Pine-street is a corresponding portico. 
The great business hall is a circular room, 60 feet in diameter, with 
recesses and galleries, making it 80 feet in diameter, surmounted by a 
dome, supported by 16 Corinthian columns 30 feet high. The City Hall 
is beautifully situated in the Park; it is 216 feet long and 105 wide. The 
front is ornamented with columns and pilasters of the Ionic, Corinthian, 
and Composite orders, rising above each other in regular gradations. 
There are 28 offices and other public rooms, the most conspicuous of 
which are the Governor's-room, and the Chambers of the Common 
Council and Assistant Aldermen. The Governor's-room is appropriated to 
the governor of the state when he visits the city, and has been used as a 
reception-room for other distinguished persons. It is 52 by 20 feet. The 
walls are hung with a fine collection of portraits, including the governors 
of the state, the mayors of the city, since the revolution, some of the 
Dutch governors, and the principal military and naval heroes. The 
Covnnon Council Room is 42 by 30 feet, and the president occupies tlie 
same chair in which General Washington sat when he presided over the 
first American Congress, which assembled in New York. The room con- 
tains several fine full-length portraits painted by Trumbull, of which 
that of Washington is thought the best in existence. The Superior Court 
Room is very neat and conveniently fitted up for its purpose. To the 
east of the City-hall is the Hall of Records ; it has a lofty portico of four 
Ionic pillars on each front; and in the rear of it, are the City Buildings, 
containing the United States Court rooms and several public offices. The 
Hall of Justice QCdM'p^e?, the \vh.o\e space between Centre, Elm, Leonard, 
and Franklin streets, and is an elegant building of the Egyptian order of 
architecture. 

There are 230 churches in the city ; many of them have been recently 
budt, and are expensive, elegant, and commodious buildings. 

New York contains several literary institutions. The oldest is Columbia 
College, chartered by George 11. in 1754, by the name of King's College, 
and confirmed, with alterations, by the legislature of New York, in 1784. 
It has a president, and 10 professors, 1,170 alumni, 124 students, and 
14,000 volumes in its libraries. The building is situated on a beautiful 
SQuare at the head of Park Place, and contains a chapel, lecture-room, 
halls, museum, and an extensive philosopliical and chemical apparatus. 
The funds amount to about $200,000. Tlie commencement is on the Tues- 
day preceding the last Wednesday in September. There is a flourishing 
grammar school attached to the institution. The University of the city 
of New Ycik, in University Place, has a fine edifice of white marble, in 
the Gothic style of architecture. This institution, founded in 1831, has a 
chancellor and 12 professors, (besides 6 professors in its medical de- 
partment,) and in all its departments 737 students— viz., undergraduates, 
145; medical, 343; grammar school, 249. It has a valuable library and 
philosophical apparatus. The General Theological Seminary of the Prot. 
Epis. Church in the U. S., cornerof Ninth avenue and 21st-street, founded in 
1819, contains two handsome buildings, and has 6 professors, 74 students, 
and 9,350 volumes in its library. The Union Theological Seminary, 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 45 

(Presbyterian,) organized in 1836, has 6 professors, 104 students, and 
16,000 volumes in its library The Rutger's Female Institute, in Madison- 
street, has a valuable library and philosophical apparatus. The Me- 
chanics' Society School, in Crosby-street, has a number of teachers and 
500 pupils. The College of Physicians and Surgeons, founded in 1807, 
has a handsome editice in Crosby-street; it has 6 professors, about 220 
students, a library of 2,000 volumes, and a superior museum of anatomical 
preparations. The lectures commence on the first Monday in November, 
and continue four months. The New York Hospital, handsomely situ- 
ated in Broadway, has extensive buildings. The Eye Infirmary has 
four surgeons attached to it. The New York Lunatic Asylum, con- 
nected with the New York Hospital, located at Bloomingdale, has a 
large and tine building, attached to which are 40 acres of ground, taste- 
fully laid out in gardens, pleasure-grounds, and gravelled walks ; it 
occupies one of the most elevated sites on the island. The Deaf and 
Dumb Asylum is on .50th-street, near the Fourth avenue, and has a 
principal and 8 instructors. The Institution for the Blind, on the Btli 
avenue, has about 70 pupils. 

The New York Society Library, an old institution, founded in 1754, 
has an elegant edifice on Broadway at the corner of Leonard-street, and 
besides spacious accommodations for the library, has a handsome and 
commodious lecture-room, and the rooms of the Academy of Design. 
Tlie library, which contains about 40,000 volumes, is open on every 
week day. The Historical Society, at the University, has a valuable 
library of 12,000 volumes, besides a collection of coins, medals, and 
manuscripts ; it has published several volumes of historical collections. 
The National Academy of Design, instituted in 1826, has purchased the 
statuary of the Academy of Fine Arts, and exhibits annually a large col- 
lection of paintings by hving artists. Its exhibitions open on the 15th of 
April and close on the 4th of July annually ; the same painting is not al- 
lowed to be exhibited twice. Clinton-hall Association was founded in 
18.30 for the promotion of Literature, Science, and the Arts, and is the 
proprietor of Clinton-hall, in which the Mercantile Library is located. 
The Mercantile Library Association was formed in 1820 for the special 
benefit of merchants' clerks. It has a library of 21,000 volumes, and a 
reading-room much frequented. It sustains, in the winter season, an in- 
teresting course of literary and scientific lectures. The Apprentices' 
Library, in Crosby-street, contains 12,000 volumes. The American In- 
stitute, incorporated in 1829, for the encouragement of Agriculture, Com- 
merce, and Manufactures, has a valuable library, reading-room, and a 
collection of models of machinery. It holds an annual fair. The New 
York Lyceum, founded in 1838, sustains, in the winter season, an able 
course of lectures. Tke Mechanics^ Institute contains a library of about 
2,000 volumes, a reading-room, supplied with the reviews, literary and 
scientific journals, and newspapers ; a museum of models of machinery, 
and a valuable chemical and philosophical apparatus. It has established 
an annual course of lectures ; and also two schools, one for each of the 
sexes. There are many religious charitable institutions which have their 
centre in New York. 

There are 25 Banks in the city of New York, with an aggregate capital 
of 28 millions of dollars ; several marine insurance companies, with a 
total capital of about 3 millions ; 26 fire insurance companies, with an ag- 
gregate capital of about 8 millions ; besides several mutual insurance 
companies. There are four savings banks, 15 markets, five theatres, an 



46 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 



During the summer there are 




opera-house, a museum, and a circus, 
tiicatricai performances at Castle Garden . 

There are in New York many splendid hotels, of which the Astor 
House, is, tlie mo^t rennrkable. 

The Croton^itji rduct rommences at the Croton river, five miles from 

i. the Hudson, in Westches- 
ter county. The Dam is 
250 feet long, 70 feet wide 
at the bottom, and 7 at 
the top, and 40 feet high, 
built of stone and cement. 
s^,^J-^|^ It creates a pond 5 milea 
^_ long, covering a surface 
of 400 acres, and contain 
r^S^'s^^jrfjT'sags^fflffiBffifWi^ '"S 500 millions of gallons 
^S^^^^i^ ^^^^SaL of water. From the dam, 
- %<^^^^^^ L h e Aqueduct proceeds, 
Eometiiiies luunelling through solid rocks, crossing valleys by embank- 
ments, and brooks by culverts, until it reaches Harlem river, a distance of 
33 miles. It is built of stone, brick, and cement, arched over and under, 
6 feet three inches wide at bottom, 7 feet eight inches at top of the side 
walls, and 8 feet five inches high ; has a descent of 13| inches per mile, 
and will discharge 60 millions of gallons every twenty-four hours. It 
crosses the Harlem river on a magnificent bridge of stone, 1,450 feet long, 
with 14 piers, 8 of them bearing arches of 80 feet span, and seven others 
of 50 feet span, 114 feet above tide-water, at the top. The receiving 
reservoir, at 86th-street, 38 miles from the Croton dam, covers 35 acres, 
and holds 150 millions of gallons. The distributing reservoir, on Murray's 
Hill in 40thstreet, covers 4 acres, and is constructed of stone and ce- 
ment, 45 feet high above the street, and holds twenty millions of gallons. 
Thence the water is distributed over the city in iron pipes, laid so deep 
under ground as to be secure from frost. The whole cost of the work has 
been about 13 millions of dollars. The water is of the purest kind of 
river water. There are laid below the distributing reservoir in 40th- 
Btreet, more than 170 miles of pipe from 6 to 36 inches in diameter. 

There are not more than four cities in Europe larger than New York, 
VIZ., London, Paris, Constantmople, and St. Petersburg. 

Steamboats leave daily for Boston on four routes, viz. : via Providence, 
via Stonington ; via Mew London ; via. Fall River and via J^Ttw 
Haven, (see routes 122, 123, 124, 125 ;) and daily for Bridgeport, J\ror- 
walk, Mew Rochelle, Flushing, Glen Cove, Oyster Bay, Port Jefferson, 
<S-c. On the Hudson, several lines run daily for Albany, {fare 50 cts. 
to %^,) and also to the intermediate places, {see route 128;) a line runs 
daily for Piermont, (where it connects with the JVew York and Erie 
railroad, see route 131,) and also for Philadelphia, connecting with the 
Camden and Amboy railroad {fare $3.) Cars leave daily on the I^ovs 
Island railroad for Qreenport, fare $2 ; Dover Plains by the Harlem rail- 
road ; for Ramapo via Paterson ; for Philadelphia, fare $4, twice daily via 
Jersey City, jYewark, Mew Brunswick, Princeton, Trenton, i-c. Fare to 
Baltimore $6 ; to IVashington, S7.c0 ; to Richmond, Fa, $13.30; to tVil- 
mington, M. C, §20 ; to Charleston. S. C, $23 ; to Mobile, S59.50 ; to Mew 
Orleans, Sti4.50 ;— io Pittsburg, Pa., $15; to Wheeling, $16; to Cincin- 
nati, Q-iO;— to Buffalo, S11.5C; to Cleveland, Ohio, $19; to Detroit, $20; 
to Mackinac, §24 ; to Milwaukee and Chicago, §26. 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 



47 




Jersey City. New York. Brooklyn. 

Brooklyn is situated on Long Island, opposite the southeastern part of 
the city of New Yorli, with which it is connected by four ferries, upon 
which steamboats ply, every few minutes, day and nisht. Its beautiful, 
and for the most part elevated situation, has made it a favorite residence 
of many persons doing business in New York. It contains a City Hall, 50 
churches, 3 banks, a savings institution, 3 insurance companies, and in 
1845, 60,000 inhabitants. The Lyceum is a fine granite building wnli a 
Bpacious lecture-room. The City Library contains over 3,000 volumes, 
and has a fine building and reading-room. The Hamilton Literary 
Association supports annually an able course of lectures. The United 
States JVavy Yard is situated on Wallabout bay, and covers 40 acres of 
ground, containing several extensive ship-houses, and houses for storage 
of materials, workshops, &c. An extensive drydock is in the course of 
construction. Connected with the Navy Yard is the United States JVaval 
Lyceum, a literary institution formed in 1832, possessing a valuable 
library, an extensive collection of charts, and a museum. About half a 
mile east from the Navy Yard is the United States Naval Hospital, a fine 
building, beautifully situated, and surrounded by 33 acres of land, planted 
with trees and shrubbery. In Jackson-street, near the Navy Yard, is a 
vault, over the entrance of which is the following inscription : 

"PORTAL TO THE TOMB OF 11,500 PATRIOT PRISONERS, 

WHO DIED IN DUNGEONS AND PRISON-SHIPS, 

In and about the city of JVew York, during the Revolution." 
In the year 1808, the bones of these martyrs were collected from the 

hill-sides in the neighborhood, where they had been slightly interred, and 

placed in this vault. 

Greemcood Cemetery, in the south part of Brooklyn, is admirably situa 

ted, and presents an agreeable variety of surface 

and scenery ; from the elevated parts, the views 

are extremely beautiful, overlooking the cities of 

New York and Brooklyn, the bay of New York, 

the Narrows, and the Atlantic ocean. The 

ground has been laid out in the most tasteful 

manner, preserving its natural surface, ponds, ' 

trees, shrubbery, &;c. ; and many appropriate 

tombs and monuments have been erected. 
There are on Long Island several places much fre 

quented in the summer season— viz.. Fort Ham 

ilton. Coney Island, Rockaway, Patchogue, &c., 

on the south side ; and Glen Cove, (Jyster Bay, Stony BrooK, Port Jetler- 

Bon, Greenport, and Sag Harbor, on the north. Sea bathing may be en 

joyed at all these places ; and most of them afford abundance of sport in 

fishing and fovvling. Most of these places may be approached daily by 

stages running in connection with the rail cars, or by lines of steam- 
boats, or sailing vessels. 




48 STATE OF NEW YORK. 

Tour on the Hudson River. 

[The figures on the left of the page denote the distance from Albany-^ 
on the right, the distance /row JVeto YorkJ] 

In ascending the Hudson, immediately on leaving the wharf, the 
traveller's attention is drawn to the view seaward — the bay of New York, 
with its moving panorama of vessels, its picturesque islands and shores — 
all of which constitute a scene of surpassing beauty. 
r,.r-] Jersey City, formerly known as Powle's Hook, is on the 
'• -' Jersey shore, opposite to the place of starting, and contains five 
churches and 4,000 inhabitants. At this place the New Jersey and the 
Paterson railroads commence, and also the Morris canal. One mile north ia 
HoBOKEN, a favorite resort of the citizens of New York. The grounds 
for nearly 2 miles along the Hudson are laid out in walks, embowered in 
n4'?l ^^^^^' VVeeuawken, 2 miles north, is a bold rocky bluff, rising r^-t 
'■ abruptly from the water's edge. A villa occupies its summit. '■" 
A short distance above, on the river-shore, overhung by beetling cliffs and 
almost inaccessible from the land-side, is the famous duelling-ground. 
Here it was that Gen. Hamilton fell, July 11th, 1804. The Palisades, 
which commence at Weehawken, are a massy range of columnar rock, 
rising almost perpendicularly from the shore to the height of four or five 
hundred feet, and are regarded as one of the most picturesque and inter- 
esting objects on the Hudson. They extend for a distance of 20 miles — 
r^-iq-i their summits being slightly undulating table-land. Bull's rr.-t 
'■ Ferry. — From this place to New York, a ferry has existed for '■ 
more than half a century. Opposite is Bloomingdale, a suburb of 
New York, extending north 3 or 4 miles. The Orphan Asylum, with 
numerous seats embowered in shrubbery, attracts the attention ; and the 
Lunatic Asylum, situated on elevated ground, is also an object of 
interest. Immediately above, is seen Manhattanville valley and its pretty 
rnsl ^''^'^"^' containing a church and about 500 inhabitants. Fort r^Q-i 
'• ■' Lee, on the Jersey side, (from which a steamboat plies several '• -' 
times daily to New York,) derives its name from a fort built on the sum- 
mit of the rocks, 300 feet above the river. Traces of the ruins of the 
fortress still remain, overgrown with shrubbery. Just above, on the New 
York side, is Fort Washington, situated on the most elevated point 
of the island. It was taken by the British, after a desperate resistance, 
November 16th, 1776, and the garrison put to the sword. The ruins still 
exist, in the centre of which there has been erected a pretty mansion 
M-Jo"! Spuyten Duyvel Creek enters the Hudson two miles above rjo-t 
'• " Fort Washington, and connecting with Harlem river, sepa- '■ 
rates New York from the main land. Kingsbridge crosses this creek one 
mile east. On the north of this stream, on the heights, was Fort Inde 
rjggl pewdemce. Yonkers is on the east bank, at the entrance of rj~i 

Sawkill cr. It contains two churches, a seminary, and about 50 '- 
dwellings. Closter Landing is on the opposite side of the river. Has 
TINGS, three miles north of Yonkers, has several pretty country residences 
rj03] DoBBS Ferry was a noted place in the war of the Revolu- ro^i 

tion. Here is a village containing two churches and 50 dwell- 
ings. On the opposite shore, and just below the old ferry landing, is the 
commencement of the line dividing the states of New York and New Jersey, 
noil PiERMONT, on the west bank, was formerly known as the p.-i 
L - J <r gi,^a[ " ^[ ^.j^jj. place a pier has been erected about one mile '■~ 
long, on which is the depot of the JVew York and Erie railroad, which 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 49 

commences hero. A steamboat plies daily to and from New York. The 
village contains two churches and about 1,000 inhabitants. Three miles 
west lies the village of Tappan ; and about a quarter of a mile from 
this, on an eminence overlooking, to the east, a romantic and fertile val- 
ley, is the spot where Major Andre was executed, October 2d, 1780. 
Cars leave Piermont every day on the route west — see route 131. Here 
commences an expansion of the river, locally known as " Tappan Sea," 
and extending for a distance of ten niUes, with an average width of 2i 
miles. The Van Tassell House is on the east shore, just above, and 
nearly opposite to Piermont. It is the residence of Washington Irving, 
msl Tarrytown, on the east bank, is prettily situated, and con- ^^--1 
*■ -' tains 4 churches and about 1,000 inhabitants. About one- '■"' 
fourth of a mile north of the village, is the spot where Major Andre was 
taken prisoner, and at the distance of a mile further north, is an ancient 
Dutch church, (supposed to be the oldest in the state,) erected in 1699. 
It was in this church that the never-to-be-forgotten Ichabod Crane, in 
rivalry of the Dominie, led off the choir. It was also in the ravine 
near by, that Ichabod had hia fearful encounter with the headless horse- 
man, when he disappeared forever from the vale of Sleepy Hollow. 
NyacK, on the west bank, is a considerable village, containing 3 churches 
and 800 inhabitants. Near the northern extremity of Tappan bay, on the 
east side, is the thriving village of 

P^^n-] Sing Sing, containing four churches, two seminaries, and roo-i 
*■ -' about 2,000 inhabitants. Mount Pleasant State Prison is a ^ 
short distance south of the village, where are extensive quarries of 
marble, wrought by the convicts. The prison grounds cover an area of 
130 acres. — Almost opposite to Sing Sing is Verdreitjes Hook, a rocky 
promontory. Half a mile above is Rockland Lake Landing ; and 
about I of a mile from the Hudson is the lake, a picturesque sheet of 
water, from which immense quantities of ice of the purest kind are ob- 
tained. This lake is the principal source of Hackensack river. — Abov.e 
Verdreitjes Hook the river expands again to an average width of two 
miles for a distance of six miles, and is called Haverstraw bay. 
Haver.straw is a neat village on the west shore, and contains two |-„^-| 
churches, an academy, and 400 inhabitants. — Grassy Point is tv/o '- 
,^„„-, miles above, at which is a steamboat-landing. Stony Point, a 
^ •' small rough promontory, is on the west side of the river, with a light- 
house on its summit. It was fortified in the war of the Revolution, and 
Was distinguished by the celebrated and successful assault made upon it 
by the Americans under Gen. Wayne, on the night of the 16th July, 1779. 
On the east side, and opposite to Stony Point, is Verplanck'' s Point, near 
which place was the famous continental village, containing the United 
nnil ^'•^'^^^ Barracks, destroyed by the enemy in Oct., 1777. Cald- r, .-i 
'• -' WELLS, at the entrance to the highlands, is the first landing-place l- -' 
in ascending the river, and from which steamboats ply across the river to 
rqq-i Peekskill, a village mostly situated on an elevation 200 feet r.^-, 
'■ above the river. It contains a bank, 8 churches, an academy, '■ 
and 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week {in the summer season 
daily) for Mohapack lake and Carmel, and 3 times for Danbnry, Con. 
On the bluff north of Peekskill creek is the site of Fort Inaependetice. 

The Highlands, or Matteawan Mountains, extend in a northeastern 
direction across Orange and Rockland counties, till they are broken by 
the Hudson ; rising again on the eastern side of the river, they pass off in the 
same general direction, occupying a breadth of from 15 to 20 miles. 

3 



50 STATE OF NEW YORK. 

Several of their summits attain to an elevation of 1,000 to 1,685 feet. 
" Tliey are composed principally of granite and gneiss, embedding loose 
nodules and fixed veins of magnetic iron ores, with other minerals of tlie 
same class. It is unequivocally a primitive chain, and in the early ages 
must have opposed a barrier to tlie passnge of the waters, and caused a 
vast lake, covering the present valley of the Hudson." The course of the 
traveller is now for a mile in a direction almost due west, through what 
is locally called the J^orse iiace, from the rapidity of its current; this is 
caused by an abrupt angle in the bed of tlie river, which is contracted to 
a narrow space by its passage through the mountain mass. The Thunder 
Mountain on the west, and the noted eminence on the east, called J]n- 
tli(rai/''s Jfose, stand as guardians of the Pass. The Nose is 1,2-28 feet 
high. During the Revolution a large boom and chain extended across 
from the foot of this peak to Fort Montgumerjj on the west side. Forts 
Clinton and Montgomery were erected to defend the passage of the river 
at this place. On the 6tli Oct., 1777, Sir H. Clinton, with a force of 
about 3,000 men, took these forts by storm. The works were bravely 
defended for a length of time by a garrison consisting of only 600 men, 
who were finally overpowered by superior numbers. — Two miles above 
Anthony's Nose is the Sugar Loaf Movinta.m, near the base of which is 
the Beverly House, where Arnold resided when he was meditating that 
act of treachery which has stamped his memory with everlasting infamy. 
Buttermilk Falls (on the west side, and nearly opposite to the Sugar 
Loaf) descends in a succession of cascades for more than 100 feet, spread- 
ing out in sheets of milk-white foam, and making a beautiful appearance, 
especially when the stream is swollen by rains, 
rml ^Vkst Point, on the right bank of the Hudson, where the n.^-, 
-' river makes an angle forming the point from which it derives its ^ '■' 

name, is situated among 
the most picturesque riv- 
er and mountain scene- 
ry conceivable. It was 
strongly fortified during 
the waroftheRevolution, 
and the ruins of Fort 
Putnam, on Mount Inde- 
pendence, (elevated 495 
feet above the river,) are 
objects of great interest; as are also the earthen mounds of Fort Clinton, 
on the plain below. The United States Military Academy was established 
here in 1802. It is situated on a plain 157 feet above tide- water. The 
buildings are — two stone barracks ; a building for exercises in winter, 275 
feet long ; a building of Gothic architecture, 150 feet long, with three 
towers, for astronomical apparatus and an observatory ; a chapel, hospital, 
mess-hall, 17 separate dwellings for the officers of the institution, several 
workshops and storerooms, cavalry stables, a magazine, laboratory, 
soldiers' barracks, a store, and about 25 dwellings for families connected 
with the establishment. There is also an extensive hotel situated on the 
bank of the river. About the grounds are several monuments that 
erected in memory of Kosciusko by the cadets, at an expense of f 5,000, is 
the most beautiful. The number of cadets is limited to 260. Opposite to 
West Point, on the E. shore, is Constitution Island, on which are the 
ruins of the fort erected during -the Revolution. A massy chain was ex- 
tended from this island to West Point. In the cove just above is the Wesl 




STATE OF NEW YORK. 51 

Point Foundry, the largest establishment of the kind in America, and 
wliich employs 400 persons. Cold Spring, on the E. shore, li milea 
above West Point, is very prettily situated, and contains 5 churches and 
1,250 inhabitants. Near the base of the mountain, north of the village, is 
Under Cliff, the elegant villa of Gen. Morris. — Crow Nest Mountain on 
the west side, the summit of which is elevated 1,394 feet above the river, 
aflords a beautiful and extended prospect. — Butter Hill, just above, is 
1,530 feet above the river. On the E. side are the three elevations known 
as Bull Hill, 1,486 feet high, Breakneck Hill, 1,187, and Beacon Hill or 
Grand Sachem, 1,685 feet high. Polopels Island lies near the east shore, 
roQ-i opposite the ravine between Bull and Breakneck Hills. Corn- i-^,-, 
•- -' WALL, on the west side, at the termination of the Highlands, ^ '^ 
contains about 150 inhabitants. The river e.xpands here to the width of 
a mile for the distance of about five miles, and is called Newburg bay. 
Two miles above is New Windsor, which has two churches and about 
250 inhabitants. It is the birthplace of De Witt Clinton. 
poji Newburgh is situated on a steep acclivity, rising to about .„.-, 
L -' 300 feet. From the terrace there is a magnificent view of the ^ ■* 
river and the Highlands. There are in the village a theological seminary, 
several academies, 3 banks, 11 churches, and about 6,000 inhabitants. 
The stone house occupied by Washington as his head-quarters, is still 
standing near the village. On the 23d of June, 1783, the American army 
was disbanded here. Stages leave daily for Goshen and also for Dun- 
kirk via Binghamton. (See routes 160 and 161.) On the opposite side of 
the river, and to which a steamboat plies, is Ftshkill Landing, which has 
P^Q-, 3 churches and about 800 inhabitants. Fishkill, about 5 miles p„_-, 
'- J east of the landing, contains 3 churches, an academy, and '- ' 
1,000 inhabitants. It is noted as being the Head Quarters of the American 
Army for a time during the war of the Revolution. Three miles above 
the landing is Low Point, a scattered settlement extending along the 
river. New Hamburg is on the east side of the river, just above the en- 
trance to Wappinger's Creek. Hampton, a landing on the opposite side, 
is connected with New Hamburg by a ferry. Three miles above, on 
the west side, is Milton Landing. The village is about half a mile distant. 
P-,-, PouGHKEEPSiE, the Capital of Dutchess county, is on the left p_ ■ 
L'^J bank of the Hudson. Population 10,000. This village, one of L'^' 
the handsomest in the state, is built on an elevated plain 200 feet above 
the river, and contains a court-house, jail, a collegiate school, the 
Dutchess Academy, four seminaries for young ladies, 3 banks, a savings 
bank, a market, a lyceum, and 14 churches. The College edifice, modelled 
after the Parthenon at Athens, stands on Prospect Hill, having a wide 
range of prospect. The village has a rich back country. Stages leave 3 
times a week for Danhury, Con. ; for JVew Milford ; and for West Corn- 
wall via Sharon. On the west side, opposite to Poughkeepsie, is Jfew 
Paltz Landing. The village of J^ew Paltz lies some distance from the 
river. Six miles above, on the east side, is Hyde Park, which contains 
3 churches and about 50 dwellings. 
P -, Rondout, situated at the mouth of a stream of the same .q.-i 
L -' name, contains four churches, a semmary, and about 1,500 in '- 
habitants. It is the port of tlie Delaware and Hudson canal. One mile 
further north is Kingston Landing. The village of Kingston is situated 
3 miles west of the landing. It was incorporated in 1805, and contains a 
coiirt-house, 4 churches, two banks, an academy, and about 2,300 in- 
liabitants. This place was burned by the British army Oct,, 1777. Stages 



52 STATE OF NEW YORK. 

leave 3 times a week for Delhi, and Ellenville. Six miles above, on the 
[55] ^^^^ ^'''^' "^ Rhinebeck Landing. The village of Rhinebeck, .„„. 
■■ two miles from the landing, contains 3 churches, an academy, l- ■' 
and about 1,200 inhabitants. Nine miles north is Lower Red Hook, and 3 
miles above is Upper Red Hook Landing. The villages lie some 3 or 4 
miles from the river. A ferryboat plies from the Upper Landing to the 
f44l ^^^'^^ ^^^^' ^^ Saugerties, a large manufacturing village, on r|Q,-i 
Esopus creeic, where is an extensive water-power. The village '■■' 
contains five churches and about 2,000 inhabitants. — Bristol is 2 miles above. 
j-o^i Catskill is prettily situated on the right bank, and contains r,,,-i 
•- ■* a court-house, two banks, 5 churches, and about 3,000 inhabi- l-'^'^J 
tants. Vehicles are ready on the arrival of the boats to convey pas- 
sengers to the celebrated summer resort, (12 miles distant,) at Pine 
Orchard, Catskill Mountain. There is here an excellent hotel, on an ele- 
vation 2,212 feet above the level of the Hudson, which gives to the 
atmosphere a refreshing coolness amid the most sultry heat of summer. 
A little to the west of the Mountain House are two ponds, the outlets of 
which unite, and proceed by falls and rapids, in a 
deep ravine, to the plain below. The first fall is 180 
feet perpendicular ; and within a short distance is a 
second fall of about 80 feet. By a circuitous path the 
traveller can pass down and go under the rock, and 
= behind the water of the first fall, where is presented a 
.singular and interesting view. From the Mountain 
House, is a most extensive and varied prospect, for the 
distance of sixty miles, (in a clear atmosphere:) the 
landscape is distinclly visible, adorned with the pic- 
Ituresque Hudson, its green isles and moving panorama 
of vessels, its cities, villages, and villas. The range of vision extends from 
tiie Hudson Highlands to the Green Mountains. Stages leave Catskill 
daily for Ithaca. 
POQl Hudson, on the left bank of the river, is built on an elevated ri-ifi 
'- ■' site, from which is obtained a fine view of the river and sur- ^ -' 
rounding country. It has an elegant court-house, 8 churches, two banks, 
two markets, the Franklin Literary Association, with a respectable library 
and philosophical apparatus, two academies, a lunatic asylum, and 5,700 
inhabitants. The city is supplied with pure water from a mountain 
spring two miles distant, conveyed in iron pipes. 

The village of JVew Lebanon Springs is 24 miles NE. 

from Hudson. The Shaker Settlement contains a large church, several 

extensive ivorkshops, and 600 inhabitants. The Springs are warm, emit 

nitrogen gas, and have a temperature of 73° Fahrenheit ; they are efiica- 

cious for rheumatism, salt rheum, and cutaneous affections. The country 

around is beautiful and picturesque, and the springs are much frequented. 

Cars leave Hudson daily for fVest Stockbridge, Lebanon Springs, Sec. ; 

mid stages 3 times a week for Great Barrington, Mass. A ferryboat 

plies to the west shore at Athens, which contains 4 churches and about 

1,200 inhabitants. -Four Mile Point, on which is a lighthouse, is at the 

re,,-! head of shijt navigation. CoxscLckie Landing is on the right r^jj.-. 

^" bank ; the village extends along the river for the distance oi'- " ' 

a mile, and contains 3 churches, an academy, and about 1,200 inhabitants. 

r.Q-i Stuyvesant, on the east side, contains a church and about rioyi 

•- -I 300 inhabitants. A short distance above is Kinderhook '- ■" 

Landing. The village of ICinderhook lies 5 miles east from the river. 




STATE OP NEW YORK. 53. 

and contains two cluirches, a bank, an academy, and about 1,400 in- 
habitants. New Baltimore, on the west shore, has a church and 
. -, about 300 inli:\bitants. Two miles above is Coeymans, con- -j^g-, 
t-^-l tahiing two churches and about 700 inhabitants. Four miles 
farther, on the east side, is Castleton, with a cliurch and about 350 in- 
,-„■, habitants. The Overslaugh has heretotbre been an obstruction .j^^] 
1-"^^ to navigation for some distance below Albany, but the chan- 
nel has been straightened and deepened, at a great expense, by the United 
States government, thus rendering it more navigable. 




Albany, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of the 
river, 145 miles from New York, 200 west by north from Boston, and 370 
from Washington. Population 42,000. On the margin of the river is a 
flat alluvial tract, from 15 to 100 yards wide, back of which the ground 
rises abruptly, and in the course of a mile attains to the height of 220 
feet, after which it becomes level. Originally the streets were not very 
regularly laid out, and some of them are narrow. State-street has a steep 
ascent, at the head of which is the Capitol, a fine edifice 115 feet long 
and 90 wide, with richly furnished apartments for the accommodation of 
the state legislature. In front of it is a handsome square, ornamented 
with walks, trees, and shrubbery. To the north of this, separated only 
by a street, is a corresponding square, on the east side of which is the 
City Hall, a splendid marble edifice ; and facing the same square is the 
State Hall for the public ofl5ces. The Albany Academy is a fine edifice. 
The other public buildings are, a Medical College, a Female Academy, the 
Exchange, thirty-two churches, three markets, a state arsenal, and eight 
banks. The old State Hall, on the south side of State street, is fitted up 
for the geological cabinet, collected in the geological survey of the state. 
The JVew York State Library occupies a large room in the Capitol, and 
contains 10,000 volumes. The Albany Medical College, founded in 1830, 
has 8 professors and 104 students. It has a museum and library. The 
Jectures commence on the first Tuesday in October. The Albany 
Academy has able instructors, and 400 students. The Female Academy 
has about 350 pupils, and sustains a high reputation. The Young Men's 
AsHociation has a library of 3,200 volumes. — Albany was founded by the 
Dutch in 1623, then called Fort Orange, and was chartered as a city in 1686. 

Twenty or more steamboats, and 50 towboats, ply between this city and J\r. 
York, and other places on the river. Cars arrive and depart twice daily fur 
Boston and the intermediate places ; twice daily for Saratoga Springs, (fare 
$ 1 .62 ;) and 3 times daily for Bvffalo, {fare .$9,50) JViagara Falls, and the in- 
termediate places : {see pages 74 ajid 75. ) Stages leave daily for Pittsfield, 
Mass. ; for Bennington, Vt. ; for Burlington, for Montreal, Can., via 
Whitehall, Plattsburg, S,-c. ; and also Syracuse, via Cherry Galley. Twice a 
week for Binghamton ; a7id also for Williamstown, Mass. 

Troy, the capital of Rensselaer county, is pleasantly situated on the 
■ieft bank of the Hudson, at the head of tide-water, 6 miles north of 
Albany, and 151 north of New York. Population 21,709. It extends 
about 3 miles along the river, with a breadth of IJ miles. It is bordered 



64 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 



on the E. by hills of considerable elevation, from which descend two con- 
siderable streams, which have romantic cascades and afford extensive 
water-power. The city is handsomely laid out, and its streets are wide 
and well paved. The Court-house is a fine building, constructed of 
marble, with a Grecian front of the Doric order. Here are the Troy Fe- 
male Institute and the Rensselaer Institute, with several other schools of a 
high order; the Lyceum of Natural History, a Young Men's Association, 
18 churches, 6 banks, and 11 academies. Cars leave dtiily for Saratoga 
Springs, for Schevectady, and also for Boston. Stages leave daily for 
Bennington, P'L ; and for (Vhitehall, and also for Burlington, PI. 

Ballston Spa, 31 miles from Albany, is situated on a small branch of 
Kayaderosseras creek, and contains a court-house, 4 churches, 1 bank, and 
about 1,500 inhabitants. The oldest and still most esteemed fountain is 
known as the " Public fVell,^'' on the flat west of the centre of the village. 
There are several other springs of less note, possessing medicinal prop- 
erties of a similar character. Cars pass twice daily from Albany and 
from Saratoga Springs- 
Saratoga Springs, 38 miles north of Albany, is the most celebrated 

watering-place in 
theUnited States. 
It contains some 
of the largest and 
most splendid ho- 
tels and board- 
■ ing'houses in the 
country, which 
in the watering 
season are abun- 
dantly filled by ihe gay and fashionable from all parts of the Union, West 
Indies, &c. The village contains six churches, an academy, a female 
geminary, and about 3,000 inhabitants. 

The mineral waters are drawn from some 9 or more fountains of 
springs, and vary considerably in their characteristics. The principal 
springs are called the Congress, Iodine, Empire, Putnam's, Hamilton, 
High Rock, Columbian, Flat Rock, and Washington. The most promi- 
nent effects of these waters, when taken into the stomach, are cathartic, 
diuretic, and tonic. In all pulmonary affections arising from primary 
diseases of the lungs, the waters are thought to be injurious, hut they 
have proven highly efficacious in cutaneous diseases, scrofula, jaundice, 
bilious affections, chronic rheumatism, &c., &c. The objects of amuse- 
ment here are always sufficiently numerous for the gratification of the 
transient visitor. The reading-rooms afford mental recreation ; while, if 
other amusement be sought, it is afforded by the railroad carriages — cars 
leaving several times a day on trips of pleasure — or by a short excursion 
into the neighborhood, where sufficient beauty and novelty of scenery are 
always p resented to r ender it interesting. The amusements of the day 
are usually crowned by a ball or promenade. 
Saratoga Lake, 4 miles southeast of the vil- 
lage, is much resorted to, by parties of pleas- 
ure. It affords ample sport to the angler, and 
' its shores abound with game. The Sulphur 
Spring at the head of the lake is excifinji 
much attention ; its waters, which are remark- 
ably clear, are moder ately impregnated with sulphur 





STATE 01^ NEW YORK. 



55 




The plain of Saratoga was the scene of the surrender of the British 
army under Gen. Burgoyne, Oct. 17, 1777. Bemus' Heights, Freeman's 
Farm, and other places in the vicinity, connected with the battles which 
preceded that event, are objects of interest. Cars arrive and depart 
twice dally for .Albany, and also for Troy. Stages leave daily for 
Whitehall via Glenn's Falls, and three times a week, for Ticonderoga. 

The village of Glenn's Falls, on the Hudson, is 18 miles north from 
Saratoga Springs. It has three churches, two 
seminaries, and about 1,200 inhabitants. The 
falls in the river are exceedingly beautiful. 
Caldwell is delightfully situated at the head of 

Lake George, 62 miles north from Albany, ^^^ -^^^^^,^SPa UX^>•^ * 
and contains a church and about two hundred ^^^&-'w%^B^'' WP"*-^"^ 
inhabitants. A steamboat plies on the lake ^^j^^M^lmm^fr^^^ 
36 miles to its outlet, near Fort Ticonderoga. ~'^^^^^SISmwm:m 

Whitehall, seventy-two miles N. of Albany, l^ bituated at tlie head 
of Lake Champlain ; and contains 3 churches, 1 bank, and about 2,500 
inhabitants. Steamboats leave daily (in the summer season) for Montreal 
via St. John's. (See page 74.) Fort Ticonderoga, the ruins of which 
fortress still exist, was situated near Lake Champlain, at the outlet 
of Lake George. The scenery in this region is varied and picturesque. 

Lake George is justly celebrated for its wild, picturesque, and varied 
scenery ; its waters are remarkably transparent and pure. Its shores 
contain the remains 

of Fort William Hen 

ry and Fort George, ^^s====~_^=^n=- 4 

and others memora ^ 
ble in the French and i 
Revolutionary wars 

Plattsburoh 
Clinton CO,, is 166 miles 
N. of Albany, and 53b 
sfrom Washington. Popuiaiion 6,U()0. The village is on both sides of 
Saranac river, at its entrance into Cumberland bay, on the W. shore of 
Lake Champlain, and contains a court-house, a bank, a lyceum, an 
academy, and 4 churches. Ft is celebrated for the battle in the last war 
-Detween the Americans and British, September 11th, 1814, in which the 
Americans under Gen. Macomb, on land, and Commodore Macdonough, 
ion the lake, were victorious, after a hard-fought battle. Steamboats [in 
the summer') arrive and depart daily for fVhitehall via Burlington, 
Ticonderoga, Src. ; and also for Montreal via St. John^s. Stages {in the 
winter season) pass through daily from Montreal and from Albany. 
■Stages leave three times a week for Ogdensburg via Fort Cov- 
ington. 

Schenectady, 16 miles NW. from Albany, on the south bank cf 
Mohawk river, contains a court-house, a market, a female academy, a 
lyceum, two banks, 9 churches, and 6,555 inhabitants. It is the seat of 
Union College, founded in 1795, which has a president, 10 professors or 
other instructors, 2,125 alumni, 242 students, and 13,000 volumes in its 
libraries. The commencement is on the fourth Wednesday in July. Its 
buildings are commodious, and attached to them are 250 acres of land, 
handsomely laid out. The reputation of this college is deservedly high. 
Cars pass through daily for Buffalo and the intermediate places, and also 
for Albany, and twice daily for Saratoga Springs. 




56 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 




Sharon Sidphur Springs are 9 miles from the depot at Palatine Tiridge, 
(see route 15UJ from which stages leave daily in the suininer season. 
Tiiese waters are highly etiicacious in rheumatic, cutaneous, and dyspeptic 
complaints. There are in the vicinity several caves, and Otsego I^ake 
furnishes abundant sport for the angler. 

Little Falls, s^ituated on both sides of Mohawk river, 73 miles from 
Albany, contains five churches, a bank, and about 2,500 inhabitants. 
There is a fall of 42 feet in the river, atibrding an inimense hydraulic 
power. Jl line of stages leaves dailj/ for Trenton Falls. 

, _ ± Trenton Falls are 18 miles 

j^y.'S NE. from Utica, on West Canada 

creek. The waters fall 312 feet, 

\j bv a succession of cascades, in 

>;the course of two miles, and the 

; scenery is the most wild and pic- 

uresque imaginable. The chasm, 

SJfor the whole distance, is broken 

I through limestone rock, and the 

_ . ,„„ . (pathway is mostly along the margin 

of tht. rushing uattrb, upon a ledge or shelf so narrow and perilous, that 
the visitor will find difficulty in sustaining liimself 

Herkimer, pleasantly situated on Mohawk river, contains a court- 
hou.-^e, an academy, a bank, two churches, and about 800 inhabitants. 

Utica is 94 miles from Albany, 202 from Buffalo, and 237 from New 
York. The city is beautifully situated on the south side of Mohawk river, 
on an inclined plain rising from the river, so as to command from its eleva- 
ted parts some fine prospects. It contains a court-house, 18 churches, an 
excliange building, two academies, the Utica Library, a Mechanics' As- 
sociation, an Apprentices' Library, two Orphan Asylums, 4 banks, and 
12,200 inhabitants. The State Lunatic Asylum, a mile west of the city, is 
a fine building, with a farm of 160 acres attached to it. The city occupies 
the site of old Fort Schuyler, and is now one of the finest in Western New 
York, though in 1794 there vvere only 3 or 4 dwellings on the spot. It 
dates its great prosperity from the completion of the Erie canal. Cars 
pass through 3 times daily from Buffalo, and from Jilhany. Stages a?*- 
rive and depart daily for Sacketts Harbor, via Trenton, Watertown, 
($-c. ; a.nd for Binghamton ; three times a week foi' Ithaca and for 
Cooperstown. 

Rome, situated on the Mohawk river, 108 miles from Albany, oc- 
cupies the site of Fort Stanwix, built in 1758, and which was rebuilt 
during the war of the Revolution and called Fort Schuyler. The village 
contains a court-house, 6 churches, a bank, a female academy, a United 
States arsenal, and about 2,500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week 
for Oswego ; and for Sacketts Harbor. 

Syracuse, situated li miles south from Onondaga lake, and 147 miles 
from Albany, contains a court-house, an academy, two banks, 8 churches, 
and 7,500 inhabitants. Great quantities of salt are manufactured in the 
village and vicinity. Cars arrive from, and derxirt daily for Albany and for 
Buffalo ; also for Oswego Stages leave daily fur Ogd.ensburg, and Ithaca. 

Auburn, 173 miles W. from Albany, is a flourishing village, situated on 
the outlet of Owasco lake. It contains a court-house, two banks, 3 
academies, a female seminary, 7 churches, and 5,600 inhabitants. The 
Auburn Theological Seminary, founded in 1821, is under the direction of the 
Presbyterians, and has 4 professors, 71 students, and 5,000 volumes in ita 







STATE OF NEW YORK* 57 

libraries. Tlie State Prison is regarded as a model for such institutions. 
Tlie building Ibrnis three sides of a square, tlie front of which is 276 feet 
and tlie wings 242. Tlie prisoners labor together in silence, and when 
not laboring are confined in solitary cells. Cars arrive from, and depart 
daily for Albany and for Buffalo. Stages leave for Ithaca daily, and for 
Oswego three times a week. 

SSenkca Falls, 15 miles from Auburn, is situated on both sides of the 
outlet of Seneca lake, which has here a fall of 47 feet. The village con- 
tains 5 churches, several mimufactories, and about 3,000 inhabitants. 

Waterloo, on Seneca outlet, has a court-house, 4 churclies, 1 bank, 
an academy, and about 2 300 inhabit iiits. 

Geneva, 199 mikb trom Aibm}, i& beautifully situated at the north 
end of Seneca lake I "^ 

Tlie principal stree t |,^^ ^ . \ ^ 

runs parallel with the _^ "7! — '^IffTl, r^^ii^^^S 
lake shore, at an ek 
vation of 120 feet 
Most of the house ■= 
on the south side 01 

this street have ter _ 

raced gardens extending down lo tnt sliort It coiitunanine 1 Jiurci t,», 
two banks, a seminary, ana aoout .j.ouw innaimanis. i^eneva Coiiege, 
founded in 1823, is under the direction of the Episcopalians. It has a 
president, 5 professors, 70 students, 10,000 volumes in its libraries, a 
cabinet of minerals, and ample philosophical and chemical apparatus. 
Geneva Medical Coiiege was founded in 1834, and has since been liberally 
endowed by the state for the erection of buildings, &c. It has a dean, 
register, 6 professors, and 175 students. Cars arrive from, and depart 
daily for Mbany and for Buffalo. Stages leave daily for Ithaca, for 
Oswego, and for Williamsport via Corning, Blossburg, S,-c. 

Clifton Springs, 12 miles from Geneva, are becoming somewhat cele- 
brated for their medicinal properties. They are sulphur springs. 

Canandaigua, 222 miles from Albany, is one of the most beautiful 
villages in Western New York, situated on a plain at the north end of 
Canandaigua lake, at its outlet. The ground descends gently towards the 
lake, presenting a fine view of it from the village. It contains a court- 
house, jail, and county offices, a town-hall, 5 churches, two banks, an 
academy of a high order, a female seminary, and about 2,500 inhabitants. 
It is surrounded by a rich agricultural country. Stages leave daily for 
Erie, via Geneseo, Ellicottsville, and Jamestown. 

Jivon Springs, situated near the Geneseo river, 20 miles south from 
Rochester, have become a place of much resort. The village contains 3 
churches, an academy, several extensive hotels, and about 600 inhabitants. 
The two most noted springs are about 80 rods apart, and are a short dis- 
tance southwest of the village. The waters have been found efficacious 
in disordered digestion, rheumatism, gout, and cutaneous aftections. 
Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Rochester. 

Rochester, situated on both sides of the Genesee river, 251 miles 
from Albany, was incorporated as a village in 1817 and a city in 1834. 
Population 25,500. It is handsomely built, and to many of the dwellings 
are attached gardens ornamented with shrubbery. The city contains 
court-house, two markets, 7 banks, twenty-two churches, a museum, a 
Collegiate Institute, two seminaries, two orphan asylums, an arcade, 
a Mechanics' Literary Association, an atheneum, and many extensive 

3* 



58 



STATE OP' NEW YORK. 



The Genesee '^'aUs have an entire 




flouring mills and manufactories, 
descent of 2G8 feet, I , 
composed of 3 per- ^A |r 
pendicular falls, of ^f^^'^^n, 
105, 96, and 20 feet, 
besides rapids ; the 
best views of these 
falls are obtained from 
the east side of the 
river. The Erie ca- 
nal crosses the river 

here by a massive stone aqueduct The Mount Hope Cemetery, near 
the city, has been laid out in walks, and embellished with sculptured 
tombs, trees, shrubbery, &c. Cars arrive from, and depart d.ailv for 
Albany and for Bvffalo. Stages leave daily for JViagara Falls via 
iMckport ; and to Corning, via Geneseo, and Dansvillc ; 3 times a week 
for Oswego ; also to Olean, via Mt. Morris, and Angelica. 

Batavia, 32 miles from Rochester, is prettily situated on a plain through 
which flows the Tonawanda creek ; it has a court-house, 4 churches, two 
banks, aland ofiice, a seminary, and 2,000 inhabitants. 

Buffalo is situated at the NE. end of Lake Erie, 325 miles west from 
Albany, 195 from Cleveland, and 327 from Detroit. Population 30,000. 
Its situation as a place of business is very commanding, being at the 
western extremity of the Erie canal, and at the eastern termination of the 
navigation of the great lakes — Erie, Huron, and Michigan. The ground 
on which the city is built rises gradually to a considerable elevation, from 
which is a commanding view of the lake, Niagara river, the Canadian 
shore, &c. The streets are regularly laid out, and are wide and well- 
regulated. The public buildings and institutions are, a court-house, two 
markets, 17 churches, 4 banks, a theatre, an orphan asylum, and several 
large hotels. The Young Men's Association has a reading-room and a 
library of 3,000 volumes. A mole or pier of stone, 1,500 feet long, has 
been constructed at the mouth of Bufl^alo creek, which, by confining the 
cliannel, has so far removed the bar that vessels requiring 8 feet of water 
freely enter. At the end of the pier is a stone light-house twenty feet in 
diameter, and 46 feet high. The harbor is well protected, and so spacioua 
that several hundred vessels can be accommodated in it. Buffalo was 
originally laid out by the Holland Land Company, in 1801. In December, 
1813, it was burnt by the British and Indians. It was incorporated as a 
city in 1832. Cars leave Buffalo twice daily for Albany {fare $9.50)<fc 
the intermediate places ; for JViagara Falls twice daily, {fare 75 cts.) 
Steamboats leave Buffalo almost daily for Eric, Pa., {fare $3 ;) Cleve- 
land, Ohio, {fare $5\) Sandusky, {fare §5.50;) Detroit, Mich., {fare. 
$6 ;) Mackinac, {fare 10;) Milwaukee and Chicago, {fare $12:) for 
Port Stanley, Can. ; also for Queenston, Can., via Chippewa. Stages 
leave Buffalo daily for Erie, Pa. ; three times a week for Olean, for 
Geneseo, and for Batavia. 

LocKPORT is on the Erie canal, 58 miles from Rochester ; the waters 
of the canal here descend 60 feet by 5 locks of 12 feet each. The 
surplus water of the canal creates an immense hydraulic power, and 
is extensively used. Lockport contains a court-house, twelve churches, a 
lyceum, two academies, and about 6,500 inhabitants. Cars arrive frrnn, 
and depart twice daily for JViagara Falls, and for Lewistowiu Stages 
Leave daily for Rodiester. 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 



59 





in beautiful points 



iHh. 1 ALL& OF JNiagaRa dre about 21 
miles from Lake Erie, and 14 miles from 
Lake Ontario, and are regarded as one of 
the greatest natural curiosities in the world. 
The Niagara strait or river at its efflux 
from Lake Erie, is three-quarters of a mile 
^xvvide, from 40 to 60 feet deep, and flows 
^^iwith a current of 7 miles an hour. As it 
,™ proceeds, the river widens, and embosoms 
Grand and Navy Islands, which terminate 
mile and a half above the falls. Below the islands 
are rapids, which extend a mile to the precipice, in which space the river 
descends 57 feet. At the precipice it is three-quarters of a mile wide. 
Here Goat Island divides the waters into two channels ; and the channel 
between Goat Island and the eastern shore is also divided by a small 
island. Over the precipice the river falls perpendicularly about 160 feet. 
The greater part of the water passes in the channel between Goat Island 
and the Canada shore, and this fall is called from its shape the Horse-shoe 
fall Between Goat Island and Luna Island m the eastern channel, the 
Btream is only about ten yards wide, forming a beautiful cascade. Between 
Luna Island and the shore, the sheet of water is broad, and the descent 
several feet greater than at the Horse shoe fall, but the stream is com- 
paratively shallow. The best single view of the falls is from Table 
Rock, on the Canada shore, and the best view of the rapids is from 
Goat Island, which is ingeniously connected by a bridge with the shore. 
While curiosity constitutes an attribute of the human character, these 
falls will be frequented by admiring and delighted visitors, as one of the 
grandest exhibitions in nature. Well has an American poetess said of this 
magnificent cataract — 

" Flow on forever, in thy glorious robe 
Of terror and of beauty. God hath set 
His rainbow on thy forehead ; and the cloud 
Mantled around thy feet. And ho doth give 
Thy voice of thunder, power to speak of Him 
Eternally — bidding the lip of man 
Keep silence — and upon thine altar pour 
Incense of awe-struck praise." 

About two miles below the falls on the American side, is the Bellvue 
fountain ; its waters contain sulphuric and muriatic acids, lime, and 
magnesia, and are useful in scrofulous, rheumatic, and cutaneous com- 
plaints. One mile further is the Whirlpool, almost as famous as the 
Maelstrom of Norway. Apart from the falls, the region of the Niagara 
etrait is one of deep interest, from historical reminiscences, its many objects 
of curiosity, its picturesque scenery, &.c 



60 STATE OF NEW YORK. 

Oswego is situated on both sides of tlie Os-vvego river, at its entrance 
into Lake Ontario, 185 miJes from Albany. It lias a good harbor protected 
by two stone piers, and contains a custom-house, a court-house, a bank, 
7 churches, an academy, a seminary, and 4,500 inhabitants. Stages leave 
daily for Syracuse, and 3 times a week for Sacketts Harbor ^ Watertown, 
and Ogdensburs ; for Utica via Rome ; for Auburn ; and also for Roches- 
ter. Steamboats leave daily for Kingston, Sacketts Harbor, and Ogdens- 
burg, and for Lewiston via Rochester. 

Sacketts Harbor, 50 miles from Oswego, on the south side of Bl»ck 
Water bay, is one of the best ports on Lake Ontario. The village con- 
tains three churches, a United States Navy Yard, the Madison barracks, 
and about 2,000 inhabitants. 

Ogdensburg, situated on the right bank of St. Lawrence river, 210 
miles from Albany, contains 5 churches, two banks, and 3,500 inhabitants. 
Stages leave daily for Utica, and for Platts burg ; steamboats for Oswego, 
Rochester, and Lewiston, and for Montreal, Can. 

Clinton, 9 miles from Utica, situated on Oriskany creek, contains the 
building of Hamilton College, 4 churches, two academies, two semi- 
naries, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Hamilton College, founded in \812, 
has a president, 8 professors, 487 aluroni, 126 students, and 7,000 volumes 
in its libraries. The commencement is on the fourth Wednesday in 
August. 

CooPERSTOWN is situated on a plain at the outlet of Otsego lake. Tho 
village is handsomely laid out, and contains a court-house, 5 churches, a 
bank, an academy, and about 1,500 inhabitants. The lake, 9 miles long, 
is a beautiful sheet of water, and affords first-rate sport for the angler. 
Stages leave daily for Albany, and for Syracuse, and 3 times a week for 
Utica, and also for Binghamton. 

Ithaca is prettily situated li miles from the head of Cayuga lake. It 
is surrounded on three sides by an amphitheatre of hills, which rise by a 
gentle ascent to the height of 500 feet; and a part of the village lies on iB 
hill, commanding an extensive view of Cayuga lake and the surrounding 
country. It contains a court-house, 6 churches, 3 banks, a lyceum, an 
academy, and about 5,000 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for Owego, con" 
necting with stages on the line of the Erie railroad. Steamboats leave 
daily C«ra summer) for Auburn. Stages leave daily for Catskill, andfoT 
Geneva ; three times a week for Albany, for Utica, for Syracuse, foT 
Auburn, for Rochester via Bath, and for Jamesport. 

Binghamton is situated at the junction of Clienango and Susquehanna 
rivers, 133 miles from Albany. It contains a court-house, an academy, 9* 
churches, several extensive manufacturing establishments, and about 
3,000 inhabitants. Stages leave daily {connecting with the JVejo York 
and Erie railroad) for J^ew York, and also for Ithaca ; 3 times a week 
for Albany ; for Utica ; and for Philadelphia via Wilkesbarre, Easfon, &rc. 

Penn Yan is situated at the outlet of Crooked lake, 192 miles from 
Albany, and contains a court-house, a bank, an academy, several manu- 
facturing establishments, and about 2,000 inhabitants. 

Elmira, situated on the left bank of Chemung river, 195 miles from 
Albany, contains a court-house, 4 churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 
Stages pass through it daily on the line of the New York and Erie railroad, 
and also leave three times a week for Williamsport, Pa. It has a com- 
munication with the Blossburg coal-mines by canal and railroad. 



RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, 

THROUGH THE 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



(1) From Boston to 
Eastport, Me. 

Fi'a J^ewburyport, 
Portsmouth, Portland, 
Brunswick, Ellsworth, 
and Mac/lias, 

Eastern Railroad. 

To Lynn 9 

Salem* 5 14 

Beverlyt 2 lU 

Wenham 4 20 

Ipswich 5 25 

Rowley 4 29 

Newburyport . 5 34 
Salisbury, N.H.. 2 36 

Seabrook 4 40 

Hamptoa Falls . . 2 42 

Hampton 2 44 

Greenland 5 49 

Portsmouth... 5 54 
Portsmouth, Saco, and 

Portland Railroad. 
S. Berwick, Me. . 12 66 
North Berwick... 6 72 

Wells 5 77 

Kennebunk 5 82 

Saco |10 92 

Scarboro' 8100 

Portland I 5 105 

Ken'bec (^ P'tland R.R 



West Prospect 

Prospect 

Bucksport 

Orland 

Ellsworth.. 
N. Hancock... 

Franklin 

Narraguagus. . 
Harrington ... 
E. Harrington. 

Columbia 

Jonesboro' 

Machias 

E. Machias ... 
Dennysville ... 

Pembroke 

Eastport .... 



Falmouth 

Cumberland 

North Yarmouth 

Freeport 

Brunswick .... 

Bath. 

Stage, 

Wiscasset 

Sheepscot Bridge 
DatnariscottaMills 
Noblesboro' .. 
Waldoboro' . . 

Warren 

Thomaston . 
E. Thomaston 

Camden 

Lmcolnville.. 

Northport 

E. Northport. 
Belfast 



6'217i 
6 223 

!j:228 

3 23ii 
14 245 
61251 

61257 
231280 

41284 
4I28S 
4^292 
71299 
307 



148 
153 
158 
160 
166 
173 
179 
183 
192 
199 
204 
208 
3211 



A branch rd. extends from 
Salem to Marbleliead, 4 m. 
t A br.from Beverly to Glou- 
cester, maManchester,16m. 

(2) From Boston to 

Calais, Me. 
To Pembroke — ' I 



(see No. 1) 
Robbinstown. 
Calais 



336 
13349 
71356 



(3) From Boston to 
Portland, 

Via Jlndover, Haver- 
hill, Exeter, JV. H., 
and Dover. 

Boston Sr Maine Rail- 
road. 

To Charlestown.. 1 

Somerville* 1 2 

Maiden 3 5 

North Maiden 2 7 

South Reading ... 3 10 

Reading 2 12 

Wilmington 3 15 

Ballardsville 6 21 

Andover 2 23 

North Andoverf.. 3 26 

Bradford 5 31 

Haverhill 1 32 



Atkinson 4' 

Plaistow 1 

Newtown 3 

East Kingston 4j 

Exeter 

S. J\e\vmarket ... 

Newmarket 

Durham 

Mad bury 

Dover 

Somersworth c.. . 

South Berwick... 

To Portland, (as 
in No. 1, by the 
Portsmouth, Sa- 
co, and Portland 
Railroad) 39110 

* A br. extends fr. near Scm- 
erviUe to Medl'ord, 2 miles. 

t Br. from Andover to Law- 
rence, 2m. tt Br. fr. Som- 
ersworth to Gt. Falls, 2|ni. 

(4) From Portland to 

HOULTON, 

Kennebec & Portland 
Railroad. 
JTo Brunswick, 

(see No. 1) 25 

Topsham 1 26 

Bowdoinham 8 34 

Richm'nd Corners 6 40 

Gardiner 9 49 

Hallowell 4 53 

Augusta 2 55 

Sfuffc 

Vassal boro' 11 66 

East Vassalboro'. 4 70 

China 6 76 

Albion 5 81 

Unity 8 89 

Troy 5 94 

Dixmont 4 

Newbury 

Hampden 

Bangor 

North Bangor.. 

Orono , 

W. Great Work 

Old Town , 

Millord 



106 
117 
123 
126 
130 

m 

2il37 



62 



ROUTES IN MAINE. 



Funkhaze 

Greeiibush 

Olamon 

Passiidumkeag ... 

West Enfield 

South Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Lincoln Centre. .. 
North Lincoln ... 
Mattawamkeag . . 

MoUmcas 

Haynesville 

IJnneus 

HOULTON 



3140 
6146 
7 153 
2155 
4 159 

7 16ti 
6 172 
2174 
3177 

8 185 
10 195 
19214 
20 234 

t),240 



(5) From Belfast TO 
Bangor. 



To Swanville— 

(see No. 1) .. 

Frankfort Mills 

Frankfort 

Hampden 

Bangor 



12 19 
2 21 

28 
34 



(6) FROiM Bangor to 
Castine. 

1 

3 



To Brewer 

Brewer Village... 

Orrington 

South Orrington . 
North Bucksport. 

Bucksport 

Orland 

North Castine 

Castine 



(7) From Bangor to 

Ellsworth. 

To Brewer 

East Brewer 

North Ellsworth . 

Ellsworth 

From Ellsworth to 
Eastp't, see No.i 
1. 103 130 

(8) From Bangor to 

Skovvhegan. 



To Herinon 9 

Carmel 5 14 

Etna 4 18 

Newport 7 2o 

Palmyra 5 30 

Pittsfield 6 36 

Canaan 7 43 

Skowhegan 9 



(9) From Bangor to 

Moose Head Lake, 

Via Dover. 



To Levant 

East Corinth . . . . 
W. Charleston . . 

Dover 

Suiigerville 



Guilford I 2 

Abbot 

Monson 

Shirley 

Greeiiville, at the 
Lake 



(10) From Bangor to 

Brownsville. 



East Corinth ... 

Charleston 

Atkinson 

Sebec 

Williamsburg . 
Brownsville. 



(11) From Augusta 
to Thomaston. 



10 
4 14 

4 18 

4 22 

9 31 

38 

44 



(12) From Augusta 
to Belfast. 



Windsor 

South Windsor. 
W. Jefferson... 

.lefferson 

VValdoboro' 

Warren 

Thomaston... 



ToS.Vassalboro'. 

South China 

Palermo 

North Palermo ... 

Montville 

North Searsmont. 

Belmont 

Belfast 



(13) From Augusta 
to Q,uebec. 



To Sidney 

Waterville 

Fairfield 

Bloomfield 

Skowhegan 

NoRRIDGEWOCK. 

Madison 

Anson 

Embden 

Solon 

Bingham 

Moscow 

Currituck 

The Forks 

Jackman's 

Moose River 

Monument 

Quebec 



(14) From Augusta 
TO Phillips. 



To Read field I 

Mt. Vernon 5 

Vienna 11 

Farmington Falls. 4 
Farraington I 51 



Strong Ill 48 

Avon ! 3 51 

Phillips I 6) 57 

(15) From Augusta 
TO Fryeburg, 

Via Paris and Water- 
ford. 

To Winthrop .. 

Wayne 

North Turner .. 

Bucksfield 

Paris 

Norway 

Waterford 

Sweden 

Lovel 

Fryeburg 



(16) From Portland 
to Augusta, 

Via Gray Sc JVint/irop. 



To Stevens'Plains 

Gray 

New Gloucester.. 

Auburn 

Lewiston 

Greene 

Monmouth 

Winthrop 

Hallowellx Roads 
Augusta 



(17) From Portland 
TO Paris. 



To Gray 

W. Gloucester . . , 

Poland 

Oxford 

Norway , 

Paris 



(18) From Portland 
TO Lancaster, N.H. 
Atlantic and St. Law- 
rence R. R. 
To Falmouth . . . 

Cumberland 

North Yarmouth 
Yarmouth Cent. 
' UpperYarmouth 
New Gloucester. 

Danville 

; Poland 

Mechanic Falls , 

Oxford 

South Paris 

Norway 

North Norway.. 

Greenwood 

Bethel 

Gilead 

Shelburn. N.H.. 8 86 
Lancaster 32 118 



6 
9 
11 
15 

20 
24 

3| 27 
- 32 



ROUTES IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



63 



(20) From Portland 
TO Conway, N. Id. 

To Sac.nrappa— 

(see No. 1) 6 

Gorliaiii 4 10 

Staiidish 7 17, 

Baldwin 8 25 

Hiram i! M 

Browntield ti 40 

Fryeburg 8 48 

Conway 8 5ti 



(21) From Portland 
to Boston, 

Via Portsmouth, JVew- 
burj/port, and ialem 

Portsmouth, Saco, and 
Portland Railroad. 

To Scarboro' 5 

Saco 8 13 

Kennebunk 10 23 

Wells 5 28 

North Berwick... 5 33 
South Berwick... 6 39 

Portsmouth 12 51 

Eastern Railroad. I 

Greenland 

Hampton 

Hampton Falls.. 

Seabrook 

Salisbury 

Newburyport. 

Rowley 

Ipswich 

Wenliam 

Beverly 

Saleiu 

Lynn 

Boston 



(22) From Boston to 
Littleton, N. H. 

Via Dover, Conway, 
and the IVhite Moan- 
tains. 

To Dover— I | 

(see No. 3) I I 66 

Rochester 10 

Milton 10 

Union 

Wakefield 

Ossipee 

Centre Ossipee 
West Ossipee . 

Eaton 

Conway 

North Conway 
Lower Bartlett 

Bartlett 

The JSI'otch 

Bethlehem 

LlTTtKTON... 



(23) F'm Portsmouth, 
N. H., to Concord. 

To Durham 17 

NottinghamTurn- 

pike 

East Northwood 
West N orth wood 

Epsom 

Chichester 

Concord 



26 
29i 
33 
39 
43 
51 

(24) From Exeter to 
Portsmouth. 

ToStratham 

Greenland i 4 

Portsmouth I 5, 



13 

(25) From Exeter to 

Newburyport. 

7 

9 

2 111 

2 13 



To Kensington. .. 

Amesbury 

Salisbury 

Bejlevilleport 

Newburyport.. 



(26) From Exeter to 
Concord. 



To Epping 

North Raymond.. 
South Deertield... 
West Deertield . . . 

Allenstown 

Pembroke 

Concord 



(27) From Boston to 
Concord, N. H. 

Via Lowell Sr JVashua. 

Boston <Sr Lowell Rail- 
road. 

To Medford I '5 

South Woburn. . . \2k 74 

Wuburn I2U0 

Wilmington 5 115 

Billerica 4 19 

BiUenca Mills... .|2^'2U 

Lowell 13^1 25 

JVashtia Railroad. 



(28) From Concord 
TO Haverhill. 

Boston, Concord, nnd 
Montreal Railroad. 

To East Concord 
North Concord.. 

Canterbury 

iNorthfield 

Sanbornton B'ge 
Union Bridge ... 
Meredith Bridge 

I^ake Village 

Weavers Bridge. 

Meredith 

Holderness 

Plymouth 

Rumney 

West Rumney .. i 3 

Wentworth 4 

Warren 4 

Benton 7 

Haverhill | 7 



2 

5 

iO 

13 

18 
22 
27 
29 
33 
37 
45 
50 
59 
62 
66 
70 
77 



6 92 
5 97 
10107 
5112 
6118 
9127 
6133 
3136 
3139, 
6145: 
21 166 
13179 



To Middlesex... 2, 

Chelmsford 21 

Tyiigsboro' 3 

Little's. 3 

Nashua 41 

Concord Railroad 

Thornton's Ferry I 6 

Heed's Ferry 3 

Goff's Falls 4 

Manchester I 4 

Martin's Ferry .. I 5 

Hooksett 4 

Rohertson'sFerry 4 

5,184 iCoNCORD I 4 



(29) Fr'm Boston to 
Burlington, Vt. 

J^orthern Railroad. . 
To Con cord— 

(see No. 27) . . . 73 

West Concord... 3 76 

Fishersville 4 80 

Boscawen 3 83 

North Boscawen 5 88 

Franklin 4 92 

East Andover... 6 98 

Andover 5 103 

West Andover .. 3 106 

Danbury 6 112 

Grafton 5 117 

Grafton Centre . 2 119 

Canaan 6 125 

Enfield 7 132 

East Lebanon... 2 134 

Lebanon 4 138 

West Lebanon.. 4 142 

Wh. Riv. Village 1144 
Vermont Central R. R. 



West Hartford . . 

Sharon 

South Royalton. 

Royalton 

North Royalton . 

Bethel 

Randolph 

Braintree 

Granville 

Roxbury 

Northfield 

Montpelier ... 

Middlesex 

Waterbury .' 

Bolton 

Richmond 

Burlington-" 



160 
162 
163 
167 
174 
179 
183 
188 
195 
204 
210 
219 
226 
81234 
II3I247 



64 



ROUTES IN VERMONT. 



(30) Fr'm Concord to 
White Mountains. 



To Meredith (28) 
Centre Harbor .. 

Moiiltonhoro 

Simdwich 

S.Tainwoith ... 

Turn worth 

Eaton 

Conway 

N. Conway 

Mt. Crawford H'e 
Willey House ... 

Notcli House 

Mt. VViu-h'nH'se 



(33) From Nashua to 

MONTPELIER, Vt. 

Via Windsor and Roy- 
aUon. 

To Amherst I 12 

Mt. Vernon 3 15 

Prancestown 9 24 

W'est Deering.... 7 31 

Hillsboro' 3 34 

Washington 9 43 

Lempster 7 50 

Unity 5 55 

Chiremont 8 63 

West Claremont. . 4 B7 

Cornish 5 72 

Windsor, Vt.... I 73 

Woodstock 14 

Barnard 9 96 

Koyalton 6102 

Randolph 5 107 

BrooivHeld 6113 

Williamstown 6119 

Berlin 7126 

montpelikr 3129 

(34) Fr'm Concord to 
White IMountains. 

50 



Plymouth— (28) . 
W.Thornton ... 

Woodstock 

Flume House ... 

Franconia 

Littleton 

Bethlehem 

Mt. Wash'n H'se 
Mt. Washington . 



C35) From Nashua to 

Brattleboro', Vt 

Via, Keene. 



To Mil ford 

East Wilton... 

Wilton 

Temple 

Peterboro' 

Dublin 

Marlboro' 

KUKNS 5 



Chesterfield Fac. . 1 8| 57 

Chesterfield a 60 

Brattleboro' ..I 8| 68 

(36) From Lowell, 
Mass., to Brattle- 
boro', Vt. 

North Chelmsford 4 

Tyngsboro' 3 7 

Dunstable 3 10 

Pepperell 6 16 

Townsend Harbor 4 20 

Townsend 2 22 

Ashley 6 28 

Rindge, N. H. ... 11 39 

Fitzwilliam 7 46 

Richmond 7 53 

Winchester 6 59 

Hinsdale 6 65 

Brattleboro'.. 7 72 

(37) From Boston to 
Montreal, 

Fitchburg RaiCroad. 



To Cambridge ... 
VV. Cambridge .. 

VValtham 

Stony Brook 

VVeston 

Lincoln 

Concord 

S. Acton 

W. Acton 

Littleton 

Groton 

Shirley 

Lunenburg 

Leominster 

Fitchburg 

Vt. ^ Mass. RR. 

Westminster 

S. Ashburnhani.. 
Cheshire RR. 

Winchendon 

Fitzwilliam 

Troy 

Keene 

Westmoreland ... 

VValpole 

Bellows' Falls 

Rockingham 

La Grange 

Chester 

Cavendish 

Ludlow 

Mt. Holly 

Finlayville 

tlast Clarendon... 

Rutland 

Pittsford 

Brandon 

Leicester 

Salisbury 

MlDDLEBURY 

VVey bridge 

New Haven 



3 209 
216 

8 230 



25 255 

251280 
14294 



Vergennes f 7 206 

Ferrisburg 

Charlotte 

Shelburn 

Burlington 

Steamboat. 
Plattsburq, 

N. Y 

Rouse's Point ... 

Isle aux Noix , .^.-..^ 

St. Johns, Canada|lll305 

Chamvlain Sr St. Z,aw- 
rence Railroad. 

LaPrairie 1151320 

Steamboat. 
Montreal 191329 

(38) From Brattle- 
boro', Vt., TO Al- 

BANY, N. Y., 

Via Bennington and 

Troy. 
To West Brattle. 

boro' 2 

Marlboro' 7 9 

Wilmington 9 18 

Scarsburg 5 23 

Woodford 14 37 

Bennington 4 41 

Hoosick 7 48 

Pittstown 7 55 

Lansingburg 12 67 

Troy 4 71 

Albany 6 77 



(39) Fr'm Burlington 

TO Albany, 
Via Middlebury S,' Cas- 

tleton. 
To Shelburn ... 

Charlotte 

Ferrisburg 

Vergennes 

New Haven 

Middlebury .. 

Corn wall 

Whiting 

Sudbury 

Hubbardton 

Castleton — 

Poultney 

Granville. N.Y 

Hebron 

Salem 

Jackson 

Cambridge 

Tjansingburg . .. 

Troy 

Albany 



14 
21 
24 

31 
39 
43 
49 
55 
61 
70 
77 
87 
96 
104 
110 
116 
140 
144 
150 



(40) Fr'm Burlington 
TO Whitehall, N.Y. 
To Vergennes — i 

(see No. 39).... 24 
AddisoB 1 6 30 



ROUTES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 



65 



BridpoTt 

Sliorelmm 

Orwell 

Benson 

West Haven . 
Whitehall. 



8 38 

6 44 

6 50 

6 56 

6 62 

8 70 



(41) Fr'm Burlington 
TO Phillipsburg, 
Canada. 

To Colchester.... 6 

West Milton 6 12 

Georgia 6 18 

St. Albans 6 24 

High Gate 8 32 

Phillipsburg 9 41 



(42) Fr'm Burlington 

to Dkrby. 
To Essex.... 

Jericho 

Uiiderhill.... 
Cambridge .. 
Jettersonville 

Johnson 

Eden 

Lowell 

Westfield ... 

Troy 

Newport 

Derby 



(43) From Burling- 
ton TO THE White 
Mountains, 

Via J\Iantpelier <$• Lit 
tleton. 

ToWilliston .... 

Richmond 

Bolton 

Waterbury 

Middlesex 

Montpelier ... 

Plaintield 

Marshfield 

Cabot 

Danville 

Ft. Johnsbury ... 

Waterford 

Littleton, N. H.. 

Bethlehem 

Match House 

Bartlett 

Conway 



(44) F'm Montpelier 

to St. Albans, 

Via Johnson. 

To Worcester .... 8 

Klmore '2 20 

M orris ville 6 26 

Hyde Park 5 31 

Johnson 5 36 

Waterville 7 43 



Bakersfield 1 61 49 

FiiirHeld 7 56 

St. Albans I 7l 63 

(45) F'm Montpelier 
to Derby. 



To Calais 

Woodbury 

La Moilleville .. 

Hard wick 

(ilover 

Barton 

Brownington, .. 
Derby 



(46) F'm Montpelier 
TO Haverhill, N.H. 



ToBarre 

Orange 

West Topsham 
East Corinth ... 

Bradford 

Haverhill ... 



(47) F'm Middlebury 
TO Royalton. 



To Ripton... 

Hancock 

Rochester . . . 
Stockbridge . 

Bethel 

Royalton ... 



(43) Fr'm Rutland to 
Whitehall, N. Y. 



To Castleton... 
Fair Haven. ... 
Low Hampton. 
Whitehall... 



(50) F'm Bennington 
to Rutland. 



To Shaftsbury . . 

Arlington 

Sunderland 

Manchester 

Factory Point... 

East Dorset I 5 

Danby 

Wallingford .. 
Clarendon .... 
Rutland 



(51) Fp'm Brattlebo- 

Ro' TO Derby Line. 
Brattleboro <$- Bellows 

Falls Railroad. 
Dnmmerstown .. 6 

Putney 5 11 

Westminster 8 19 

Bellows Falls ... 4 23 
Sullivan R.R ... ' .. 
Charleston j 8 31 



North Charleston! 6| 



Claremont 4 

W. Claremont .. 3 

(Cornish 5 

Windsor 1 

Vermont Central R R. 

Hartland | 5| 55 

N. Hartland 5| 60 

WhiteRiverVil.l 5| 65 

Connecticut S,-Pasumsic 
Rivers Railroad. 

Norwich 5 70 

Union Village... 

Thetford 

Fairlee 

Bradford 

South Newbury. 

Newbury 

Wells River Vil. 

Ryegate 

Mclndoes Falls.. 

Barnet 

Passumsic 

St. Johns'y Plain 
St. Johnsbury ... 
Lydon Corner... 
Lydon Centre . . . 
Burke Hollow... 

Trull's Mills 

Summit 

Barton 

Brownington ... 

E.Charleston 

W. Charleston . . 

Derby Centre 

Derby Line 

(52) From Boston to 
Albany. 

Boston and Worcester 
Railroad. 

To Brighton | 5 

Angler's Corner.. 2i 7 

Newton 2 9 

Needham 4 13 

Natick 4 17 

Framingham 4 21 

Hopkinton 3 24 

Southboro' 4 28 

Westboro' 4 32 

Grafton 6 38 

Worcester 6 44 

Western Railroad 



81 
87 
92 
97 
99 
105 
110 
114 
116 
123 
126 
129 
133 
1.35 
51140 

3 143 
61149 
6 1 155 

5 I'-O 

6 1H6 

4 170 
5175 
4 1 179 



Clappville 

Charlton 

Spencer 

East Brookfield .. 
South Brookfield. 
West Brookfield . 

Warren 

Palmer 

North Wilbraham 

Wilbrahnm 

Springfield . . . 



08 



ROUTES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 



VV. Springfield... 2 100 

Westtield 8 108 

Russell 8116 

Chester Village... 3 119 

Chester Factory . . ti 125 

North Bee ket .... 10 135 

Washington 3 138 

Hmsdale 5 143 

Dalton 3146 

PlTTSFIELD 5 151 

Shaker Village... 5156 

Richmond 3159 

State Line 3 162 

Albany and W. Stock- 
bridge Railroad. 



Canaan, N. Y. 
Kast Chatham.. 

Chatham 

Kinderhook 

Schodack 

Greenbush 

Albany 



(53) From Boston ■; 

WlLLlAMSTOWN. 

To Fitch burg (37) 50 
Vt. (^ Mass. RR . 

Westminster -5 55 

Junction 5i 601 

S. Gardiner H 65 

Templeton 4 69 

Baldwinsville 2 71 

S. Royalston 7 78 

Athol o 83 

S. Orange 5 88 

Greeutield 20,108 

Shelhurn Falls .. 9 117 

Florida 20 137 

North Adams ... 5 142 

WlLLlAMSTOWN 5 147 

(54) F'm Worcester 
TO Nashua, N. H. 

Worcester and JSTaskua 

Railroad. 
W. Boyleston... 

Oakdale 

Sterling 

Clintonville 

New Boston 

Lancaster 

Still River 

Harvard 

Groton Junction 

Groton 

Pepperell 

Hollis'Sta'n.N.H 
Nashua 



Westford 14 137 

Factory Village. 2 39 
N'th Chelmsford 1 2 141 

Lowell iSr JVashua, R.R. 

Lowell 14 145 

Lowell and Lawrence 
Railroad. 



(55) F'M Worcester 

TO Lawrence. 
Groton J.-(No. 54.)l 28 
Stony Brook Railroad 
Forge Village... 15 I 33 



Tewkesbury 15 

Hagget's Pond ..3 
Lawrence .. ..'H 



(56) From Boston to 

Brattleboro' Vt. 
Fitchburg-(37) 1 I 50 
Vermont &■ Massachu- 
setts Railroad. 
Crockersville... 2J 52i 
Westminster... 3i 56 
Ashburnham ... 4 60 

Gardiner 4i 64i 

Dedmanville.... 5 69J 
Baldwinsville ..JU 71 
South Royalston 6 | 77 

Athol 6 83 

Orange 4^ 87i 

Wendall 3 90i 

Erving 2i 93 

Montague H 99| 

Northfield 8 107i 

State Line, Vt.. 2 109J 

Vernon 1 4^ 114 

Brattleboro' 6 120 

(59) F'm W. Brookf'd 
to Northampton. 



To Ware, (see 

No. 52) 

Enfield 

Amherst 

Hadley 

Northampton . . 



(60) Fr'm Palmer De 
POT to Amherst. 

To Belchertown— I 

(seeNo. 52) .... 10 
Amherst llO 20 

(61) F'm Springfield 
TO Boston. 

Western Railroad. 

To Wilbraham... 6 

North Wilbraham 3 9 

Palmer 6 15 

Warren 10 25 

W. Brookfield.... 4 29 

N. Brookfield .... 2 31 

E. Brookfield 3 34 

Spencer 2 36 

Charlton 5 41 

Clappville 4 45 

Worcester — 9 54 



Boston and Worcester 
Railroad. 

Grafton 

Westboro' 

Southboro' 

Hopkinton 

Framingham 

Natick 

Needham 

Newton 

Angler's Corner. 

Brighton 

Boston 



(64) F'm Northampt'n 

TO Albany, N.Y. 
To W. Hampton. 6 

Norwich 5 11 

Chester Village.. 5 16 
Albany, (see 
No. 52) 



(62) F'm Springf'd to 
Brattleboro', Vt. 

Connecticut River R. R. 
ToCabotville*.. 
Willimansell. .. 3\ 
Smith's Ferry... 6 13 
Northampton. 4 i 17 

Hatfield 4i21i 

Whntelv 4i 2fi 

South Deerfie-ld. 2i 2Ri 

Deerfield 4h 33 

Greenfield ... 3 36 
Stn^e. 

Bernardstnn. 1 71 43 

Guilford. Vt 10' 5-3 

Brattleboro'. I 3 5tt 
* ji branch pxtevds to 
Chtcopee Falls, 2 miles. 

(63) F'm Springfield 
TO Greenfield, 

Via Jiiiiherst. 
ToCabotville... 

Willimansett 

S. Hadley Falls . 
South H.'id ey ... 
Holyoke Place .. 

Hadley 

Amherst 

North Amherst.. 

Sunderland 

Montague 

Greenfield 



81 97 



(65) From Boston to 
New York, 

Via Worcester, Spring- 
field, Hartford, and 
J^Tew Haven. 

To Springfield,! I 
(seeNo. 52) ....I 198 



ROUTES IN MASSACHUSETTS. 



67 



Hartford & Springfield 

Rdilvdad. 
rhompsoiiville... 8106 
Windsor Locks .. 5111: 

Windsor 6117! 

Hartford 7 124 

Hartford cS' Kew Haven 
Railroad. 

rSfew Britain 8132 

Berlin 3135 

Meriden 7142 

Wallingtbrd 6148 

North Haven 5153; 

New Haven 7160 

Steamboat. 
ToNew York.. 80240 



Providencp. & Stonin, 
ton Railroad. 

Apponag , 

Greenwich ... ., 

Wickford 

Kingston 

Richmond 

Charleston 

Westerly 

Stonington .. 

Steamboat. 
To New York 



.125 



214 



(66) From Boston to 

New York, 
Via Worcester, JVor 

wick, ^ Greenport. 
To Worcester,! | 

(seeNo. 52) ....I | 44 

J^orwich Sr Worcester 
Railroad. 

Oxford 11 55 

Webster 5 60 

Fishersville 4 64 

Pomfret 6 70 

Daysviile 5 75 

Diinielsville 3 78 

Central Village .. 6 84 

Plaintield 3 87 

JewettCity 6 93 

Norwich 10103 

Ally n's Point*.... 7110 

Steamboat. 
To Greenport,NY 30 140 

L. Island R- R. 
To New York.. 96 236 

* Steamboat. 
To New London . 8 118 
New York 1201238 

(67) From Boston to 

New York, 

f^ia Providence and 

Stonington. 

Boston and Providence 

Railroad. 

ToRoxbury 2 

Jamaica Plains... la 3i 

TollGate 1 4i 

Dedham Low Pl'n 4 8^ 

Canton 5^ 14 

Sharon 3:1 174 

Foxboro' 31 21 

Mansfield 3 24 

Toby's Corner.... 2i26J 

Attleborough 4^ 31 

Dodgeville 14 321 

Perrui's Crossing. 2g 35 

Seekonk 4 39 

Providence 2HI3 



(68) From Boston to 
New Bedford, 

Via Taunton and Fall 

River Branch. 
To Mansfield— I I 
(see No. 67) ....| | 24 

Taunton Br. Railroad. 

Norton I 51 29 

Taunton I 7136 

J^Tew Bedford Railroad. 

Freetown* I 6142 

New Bedford . . |14| 56 

* The Fall River Rail- 
road extends I'm Free 
town 

To Fall River— .. I I 
(seeNo.83)....|llj 53 

(69) From Boston to 

Orleans, 

Via Plymouth, Sand- 
wich, Sr Barnstable. 
Old Colony Railroad. 



To Savin Hill 
Dorchester 

Neponselt 

Cluincy 

N. Braintree... 
W. Braintree .. 
S. Weymouth.. 

Abington 

S. Abington 

Hanson 

Halifax 

Plympton 

Kingston 

Plymouth .... 
Stage. 

Eel River 

W. Sandwich.. 

Sandwich 

E. Sandwich... 
W. Barnstable . 
Barnstable .. 
Yarmouthport. . 

Yarmouth 

Dennis I 3 

Brewster 8 

Orleans I 5 



(70) From Boston to 
New York. 

Old Colony Railroad. 

Dorchester ( 3 

Neponset 1,1 1 4i 

Q.uincy ^l' g 

South Braintree. 3 11 

Fall River Railroad- 
N. Bridgewater. 81 19 

Bridgewater 7^ 26i 

Middleboro' 7 33i 

Myricks 7il 41 

Fall River.... 12 53 
Steamboat. 

Newport I 181 71 

New York ....11651236 

(72.) F'm Plymouth to 

Falmouth. 

To W. Sandwich. 17 

Monument 4 21 

Pocasset 3 24 

N. Falmouth 4 28 

W. Falmouth .... 4 32 

Falmouth 4 36 

Wood's Hole 4 40 



(73) F'm Plymouth to 
New Bedford. 

To Carver 

W. Wareham... 

Rochester 

Mattipoisett 

Fair Haven 

New Bedford. 



(74) F'm Plymouth to 

Taunton. 
To Plympton.., 

Middleboro' 

N. Middleboro' 
Taunton . . 



(75) F'm NewBedford 

TO Sandwich. 
To Fair Haven 
Mattipoisett..., 

Sippican 

VVareham 

E. Wareham . 
Sandwich 



(76) F'm NewBedford 
TO Nantucket, 

Via Holmes's Hole. 

Steamboat. 
Holmes's Hole ...I | 39 
Nantucket 1261 65 

(77) F'm NewBedford 
TO Providence. 

To N. Dartmouth I 3i 

Westnort |41 8 

Full River IS'liS 



68 



ROUTES IN RHODE ISLAND. 



Fwansea ! 4 20 

B. Seekonk 8 28 

I'ROVIDKNCE ! 5 33 

t78) Fr'm Taunton to 
Sandwich. 

To Middleboro' . . I 12 
S. Middleboro'... 6 18 

Wiireham 7 25 

Sandwich Il3 38 

(79) From Boston to 
VVooNSUCKET Falls, 
R. I. 

10 
13 
18 
23 



To Dedhnm 

W. Dedham 

Med field 

Ruckville 

Franklin City .. 
Franklin 

WoONSOCKET 

Falls 



28 



(85) Fr'm Providence 
TO Boston. 

Boston and Providence 
Railroad. 

To Seekonk.. 

Perrin's Crossing. 

Dodgeville 

Attlel)oro' 

Toby's Corner 

Mansfield 

Foxboro' 

Sliaron 

Canton 

Dedham LowPl'n 

Toll Gate 

•Jamaica Plain 

Uoxbury 

Boston 



2A 


2i 


4 


tih 


2A 


y 


U 


iOi 


4 


i,i 


2. 


m 


3 


20i 


•M 


24 


3i 


27i 


^h 


33 


4 


3; 


1 


3S 


U 


:i4i 


2 


41i 



(80) From Lowell to 
Newburyport, 

Fin Haverkill. 

ToDracut 2 

Methuen 8 10 

Haverhill 8 18 

K. Haverhill 6 24 

VV. Amesbury.... 3 27 

Ainesbury 4 31 

Salisbury 2 33 

Bellevilleport 1 34 

Newburyport..! 2 3ti 

(81) From Salem to 

kockport. 
To Manchester...! ) 9 

Gloucester I 7| 1(5 

Rockport I 51 21 

(82) From Fall River 
TO Newport, R. I. 

To Tiverton I | 6 

Portsmouth I 3l 9 

Newport 1 91 18 

(83) Fr'm Providence 
to New Bedford, 
Mass. 

To S. Seekonk ... 6 

N. Swansea 3 9 

Swansea 5 14 

F.i II River 4 18 

Westpnrt 8 26 

N. Dartmouth 4 30 

New Bedford.. 3 3i 



(86) Fr'm Providence 
to Worcester, 

Providence Sr Worcester 
Railroad. 



To Pavvtucket 
Valley Falls... 

lionsdale 

Ashton 

Albion 

Manville 

VVOONSOCKET 

{''alls 3i 

Watertbrd 2 

Millville 2 

Oxbridge '4 

VVh.tins 2 

Northbridge li 

Farnumsville 2 

Grafton 1 

Sutton 1 

Milbury 2 

Quinsiiiamond ... 4 
Worcester — .21 



W. Greenwich... 

Pine Hill 

Brand's IronW'ks 

Hopkinton 

N. StoningtoiijCt. 

Mystick 

Groton Centre 

Groton 

New London 



(91) Fr'm Providence 

TO STONINGTON.Ct. 

Providence Sf Stoning- 
ton Railroad. 

To Apponag 9 

Greenwich 3 12 

Wickford 6 18 

Kingston 7 25 

Richmond 6 31 

Charleston 7 38 

Westerly 4i 42i 

Stonington 5H8 

(92) Fr'm Providence 
TO Wickford. 



To Pawtucket. ... I 

Warwick | 6 

E. Greenwich I 3 



i8) Fr'm Providence 
TO Killingly, Ct. 



To N. Scituute...! 1 

Foster I 91 

E. Killmgly 6 

Killingly I 21 



(84) Fr'm Providence 
TO Newport. 

TriBiirrington 1 

Warren 6 14 

Kristol 4 18 . 

Portsmouth ' 6 24 hCentreville 2 11 

Newport ' 9l 33liCoventry i 21 13 



(89) Fr'm Providence 
TO Plainfield, Ct. 

To S. Scituate ... I 11 

Mt. Vernon 6 17 

Rice City 2 19 

Sterling, Ct I 5 24 

Plainfield I 4 28 

(90) Fr'm Providence 
TO N. London, Ct. 

ToNatick 



To Windsor 

Windsor Locks . . 
Thompsonville... 
Springfield — 



Wickford I 8122 

(93) From Hartford 
to Springfield. 

Hartford £r Springfield 
Railroad. 

7 
6 13 
5 18 
8 2(3 



(94) From Hartford 
to New Haven. 

Hartford ^ JVewHaven 
Railroad. 



To New Britain. 

Berlin 

Meriden 

Wallingford 

North Haven 

New Haven.... 



(95) From Hartford 
TO New Haven, 



Fta Middletown. 



To Wethersfield. . 

Rocky Hill 

Up'r Middletown. 

Middletown 

Durham 

Northford 

Fair Haven 

New Haven 



ROUTES IN CONNECTICUT. 



69 



(96) From Hartford 
TO Saybrook. 


To Midclletown .. 
Hi?gaiiiuin 


7 
2 
4 
4 
2 
4 
5 


14 

21 


E. Hiuklam 

Chester 


2; 

HI 


Deep River 

Essex 

SSaybrook 


33 
3/ 

42 


(97) From Hartford 
TO New London. 


To E.Hartford... 

CJIastonbury 

Marlboro' ,. . 

C(jlcliester 


5 

10 
8 
6 
6 
8 


1 

6 

lb 

24 

m 


Cliestertield 

New London — 


36 
44 


(98) From Hartford 
TO Norwich, 


Via Colcheste 


r. 





To Colchester....! I 24 

Bozrah 9 33 

Norwich I 6| 39 

(99) From Hartford 
TO Norwich. 

To E. Hartford. 

Manchester 

Bolton 

Andover 

Columbia ...... 

Liberty Hill.... 

Lebanon 

Franklin 

Norvvichtovvn .. 
Norwich 

(100) From Hartford 
TO W. Killingly. 

To Manchester— 
(see No. 99)... 

Coventry 

S. Coventry 

VVillinmntic 

Windham 

Howard Valley.. 

Brodklin 

W. Killingly.... 



44 
47 

(101) From Hartford 
to Killingly. 

To Coventry 17 

Mansfield 7 24 

Ashford 8 32 

Abington 7 39 

Pomfret Landing. | 4 43 

Killingly i 2 45 

(102) From Hartford 
to Wilbraham, Ms. 

To E. Windsor...! 7 
Scantic Village .. 6, 13 
Broad Brook I 3J 16 



Somers 

N. Somers.., 
Wilbraham 



81 24 
2 2d 
7 33 



(103) From Hartford 
to Westfield, Ms. 

ToBloomfield.... 

Tariffville 

(iranby 

Southwick, Mass. 
Westfield 



12 

16 
23 
28 

(104) From Hartford 

to Canaan. 
To W. Hartford 

Avon 

Canton 

CoUinsville 

New Hartford.. 

Winchester 

Millbrook 

Norfolk 

Canaan 



(105) From Hartford 
TO Litchfield. 

To W. Hartford. 

Farmington 

Bristol 

Terrysville '. 

Plymouth ... 

Northtield 

Litchfield 

(106) F'm Norwich to 
Worcester, Mass. 

JVoricich ^ Worcester 

Railroad. 
To Jewett's City 

Plainfield 

Central Village.. 

Uanielsville 

Daysville 

Pomfret 

Fishersville 

Webster, Mass. . 

Oxford 

Worcester ... 



43 

48 
59 

(107) F'm Norwich to 
New York. 

Railroad. 
To AUyn's Point 

Steamboat. 
New York 142149 

(108) F'm Norwich to 
Springfield, Mass. 

2 
5 
14 
24 
30 
36 
42 



To Norwichtown. 

Franklin 

Windham 

Mansfield 

Tolland 

Ellington 

Somers 

E. Long Meadow, 
Springfield .... 



54 



(109) Fr'm N. London 
to Stonington. 



To Groton 

Pequot 

Mystick 

Portersville 

Mystick Bridge. 
Stonington... 



(110) F'm New Haven 
TO New London. 



To E. Haven.. 

Branford 

Guilford 

Madison 

Clinton 

Westbrook... . 
Saybrook.... 

Lyme 

E. Lyme 

Riverhead 

Waterford 

New London. 



(Ill) F'm New Haven 
TO Springfield. 

Hartford &,- JVewHaven 
Railroad. 



To North Haven 

Wallingford 

Meriden 

Berlin 

New Britain 

Hartford 

Hartford (S,- Springfield 
Railroad. 

Windsor 7 43 

Windsor Locks .. 6 49 
Thompsonville ... 5 54 
Springfield 8 62 



(112) F'm New Haven 
to Boston, 

Via Springfield, 
(See No. 125)....! 1160 

From New Haven to 
Albany, N. Y., 

Via Springfield. 

To Springfield— I I 

(see No. 111).,.! 62 
Albany 1021164 

(113) F'm New Haven 
TO Litchfield. 

2 

13 15 
3 18 

5 23 

6 29 
10 39 



To Westville. 
Straitsville ... 
Naugatuck... 
Waterbury... 
Watertown .. 
Litchfield . 



70 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



C114) F'm New Haven 
TO Litchfield, 

Via Derby. 

To Derby 8 

Humphreysville .. 5 13 

Oxford 4 17 

Southbury B 23 

Woodbury 4 27 

Bethlehem 7 34 

youth Farms 3 37 

Litchfield 8 45 



(115) F'iM New Haven 
TO Farmington. 

To Hamden 

Cheshire 

South ington... 

Plain ville 

Farmington . 



(116) F'm New Haven 
to New York, 

Via Bridgeport and 

JVurioalk. 

(See No. 125) ....I I78i 

(117) F'm New Haven 
to New York. 

ateamboat. 
To Bridgeport....! 120 
New York 160| 8U 

(118) F'm Bridgeport 
to Albany, N. Y., 

Via West Stockbridge. 
Housatonic R. R. 



To Stepney 

Bottsford 

Newtown 

Hawleyville 

Brookheld 

New Milford .. 
Gaylord's Bridge. 

Kent 

Cornwall Bridge . 

Cornwall 

Canaan 

Mass. State Line. 
Berks/lire and West 
IStuckbridge R. R. 

Sheffield 

Great Barrington. 
Van Deusenville . 
W. Stockbridge 
N. Y. State Line. 
Albany and W. Stock- 
bridge Railroad. 

Canaan 1 51103 

Chatham 4 Corn's 10 lib 

Kinderhook 7 120 

Bchodack 8|i28 

Albany..........! 81136 



9d 



(119) F'm Litchfield 
TO W. Cornwall. 

To Goshen— j 

(seeNo. 118) ... 6 

Cornwall 6 12 

W. Cornwall . . .S| 15 

(120) F'm Litchfield 
to New Milford. 

To Woodville.... 7 

New Preston 4 11 

Nortbville 4 15 

New Milford... 4 19 

(120i) F'm New York 

TO Greenport. 

To Brooklyn I 11 

L,ong Island R.R- 



Bedford 

East New York. 

Union Course... 

Jamaica 

Hempstead Br .. 

Hicksville 

Farmingdale 

Deer Park 

Suttolk Station . 
Lake Station ... 

Medford 

Yaphank 

St. G'ge's Manor 

Kiverhead 

Mattetuck 

Southold 

Greenport 



(121) Fr'm New York 

TO Boston. 

Via JVew Jjondou, JVor- 

icich and Worcester . 

Steamboat. 

New London...! |120 

Allyn's Point.. .Is l]28 

JVorwich d- Worcester 

Railroad. 

Norwich 7 |135 

Jewett's City .. 9J 144i 

Plainf?eld fii 151 

Central Village 3 154 
Danielsonville . 6 160 

Pomfret 8 ItiS 

Fisherville 5J 173i 

Webster 4A 178" 

Oxford 5 183 

Auburn 6i lS9.i 

Worcester.. |4i 194 
Boston 4- Wore r R.R. 

Grafton |7 '201 

Westbor >' ,6 j207 

South boro' 4 i21l 

Ashland I4 i21.5 

Framingham .. »?i 211 { 
\atip.k--.-. 1 4 '221 A 



W. Need ham.. 
W. Newton 
Brighton... , 
Boston..... 



(122) F'm New York 

to Boston, 

Via S ton ington and 

Providence. 

Steamboat. I I 

To Stonington.I 1 125 

Providence & Stoning- 

ton Railroad. 



Westerly 

Charleston 

Richmond 

Kingston 

Wickford 

Greenwich 

Apponag 

Providence 


5i 

7 
6 
7 
tj 
3 
8i 


130J 

135 

142 

148 

155 

161 

164 

172.J 


Boston and Providence 

Railroad. 
Seekonk 2ill75 


Perrin's Crossing 

Dodgeville 

Attleborough 

Toby's Corner... 

Mansfield 

Foxboro' 

Sharon 


4 

2i 
U 

ii 

3 
31 
3^ 
5i 
5 
1^ 
2 


179 

181 i 

183 

1871 

190 

193 

196*- 




■W\ 


Uedham Low PI. 
Jamaica Plains.. 

Roxbury 

Boston 


205J 
2l0i 
212" 
214 



(123) F'm New York 
TO Boston, 

ViaJ^ew Haven, Hart- 
ford, Springfield, <^ 
Worcester. 

Steamboat. 

Blackwell'slsl. .. 4 

HellGate 3 7 

Brothers' Island.. 3 10 

Throg's Neck 5 15 

NewRochelle.... 8 23 

Captain's Island . 8 31 

Greenwich Point . 3 34 

Shippan Point 3 37 

Norwalk Islands . 8 45 

Black Rock 12 57 

Bridgeport 3 60 

Stratford 3 63 

Neck Point 12 75 

New Haven I 3 78 

Hartford & J^ew Haven 

Railroad. 
To North Haven . 7 85 

VVallingford 5 90 

Meriden 6 9ij 

Berlin 7 103 

New Britain 3106 

Hartford 8114 

Hartfura Sr Springfield 

Railroad. 

Windsor 1 7il21 

Windsor Locks ..| 61127 



EOUTES IN NEW YORK, 



71 



Thqmpsnnville ...I 5|132jTRyo 



iRif Springfield I 81140 

Western Railroad. 

Wilbraham 6146 

Talmer 9155 

Warren 10 165 

West Brooktield . 4 169 
East Brooktield .. 5 174 

Spencer 2176 

Charlton 5181 

Clai.pville 4185 

Worcester 9194 

Boston and Worcester 
Railroad. 

To Boston— 
(see No. 121) ...|44|238 

(124) F'm N. York to 
Albany & Troy, 

Via Bridgeport. 

Steamboat. 
To Bridgeport, Ct 
Housatunic R. R. 

Stepney 10 

Bottsford 

Newtown 4 

Hawleysville 4 

Brooklieid 6 

New Miiford 6 

Gaylord's Bridge. 6 

Kent 6 

Cornwall Bridge 

Cornwall 

Canaan 

Mass. State Line 
Berkshire ^- W. Stock- 
bridge Railroad. 



Port Chester 

Horse Neck, Con 

Stamford 

Darien 

Norwalk 

Westport 

Southport 

Fairfield 

Bridgeport 

Stratford 

Miiford 

New Haven 



(126) F'M New York 
TO Albany. 



140 
146 
148 
156 

2il58 



Sheffield, Mass. .. 
Great Barriiigton. 
Van Deusenville . 
W. Stockbridge.. 
N. Y. State Line. 

Albany Sr West Stock 
bridge Railroad. 

Canaan 5 163 

Chatham 4 Cor's . 10 173 

Kiiiderhook 7 180 

Schodack 8188 

Albany 8196 

Troy and Greenbush 
Railroad, 

Troy I 61202 

(125) F'm New York 
to New Haven. 

JV. Y. SrJ\r. Hav.R.R. 
F'm City Hall to 

32d-street 3 

Tunn'l.Yorkville 3 6 

Harlem 2 8 

Junction 7i 15^ 

New Rochelle... e" 21i 
Mamaroneck 3^ 25" 



JV. Y. Sr Harlem R 
Frorn City Hall 

to 32d street . . . 
Tunnel, Yorkville 

Harlem 

Mottsville 

Morrisiana 

Fordham 

Williams' Bridge 

Junction 

Underliill's 

Tuckahoe 

White Plains.... 

Davis' Brook 

Unionvijle 

Pieasantville 

Chapequa 

Newcastle 

Bedford de^^o^ 

Whitlockville ... 

Purdy's 

Croton Falls 

Southeast 

Patterson 

Pawlingsville 

South Dover 

Dover Plains 

Amenia Union .. 

Amenia 

North Amenia... 

Northeast 

Ancram 

Copake 

Hillsdale 

Claverack 

Spencertown 

Chatham 4 Corn's 

Greenbush 

Albany 



R. 

3 
6 
8 

9i 
U 
13 
14 
loi 

ly 

20 

26. 

28 

30 

31 

33 

39 

40 

45 

50 

51i 

56i 

64 

67 

73 

»i 

84 

91 

98 

102 

lOo 

113 

119 

125 

135 



51140 
22 J 62 
1 163 
(127) F'm N. York to 

Albany & Troy. 

By Steamboat and the 

Hudson Riv. R. R. 

Manhattanville 

Fort Lee 1 

Fort Washington 2 10 
Spuyten Duval C U 12 
Yonkers 4 16 



28i Hastings 4 20 

30 Dobbs Ferry 2 

324 Piermont 2 

37i Tarrytown 2 

42 jYyuck 2 

45^ SiNGSING 4 

49 Cortlandtown 

53 Haver straw 2 

54i Verplank's Point 3 

59 Peekskill 2 

62^ Caldwell's 

67 Anthony's Nose. 4 

76i West Point 6 

Cold Spring 1 

Cornwall 3 

iMntteawan 3 

Fibhkill Landing 1 
JSTtwburgk, opp. . 

Carthage 4 

New Hamburg.. 3 

Uarnegat 3 

Milton 

Poughkeepsie . 5 

JSI'ew Paltz 1 

Hyde Park 5 

Pelliam 2 

Staatsburgh 2 

RhinebeckLan.. 5 
Kingston Lan.. . 

Barrytown 6 

Tivoli 4 

Saugerties 1 

East Camp 3 

Livingston 41 

Oakhill 3 

Cattskill, opp. , . 

Hudson 4 

.dtliens, opposite . 
Columbiaville... 4 

Coxsackie 4 

Stuy vesant 2 

J^'ew Baltimore . 4 

Schodack 2 

Coe2/7?M7is,opp.. . 

Castleton 4 

(Overslaugh) 5 

Greenbush 3 

Albany, opposite . 
Troy Railroad- 
To Troy 6 

(129) F'm New York 

TO Montreal. 
ToTroy-(127j | |]49 
RenW &r Saratoga R.R. 
Waterford .... I 4 |153 
Mechanicsville 8^161^ 
Ballston Spa .. 1 12^1 174 
Sche'y Sr SaratogaR.R. 
Saratoga Sp'gsI 71181 
Sarat'a <Sr Wask'n R.R. 



24 
26 
28 
32 
35 
37 
40 
12 

46 
52 
53 

56 
59 
60 

64 
67 
70 

75 

76 
81 
83 
85 
90 

96 
100 
101 
104 
108 
111 

iis 
ii9 

123 
125 
129 
131 

i35 
140 
143 



149 



Wilton 

Gansevoort 

[Fort Edwurd 

[Dunham's Basin. 



187 
IHO 
198 
201 



73 



^T.Y.SrErieRR. 

Ramapo 

Monroe Works .. 

Turner's Depot... 

Stage. 

Nkwburgh 

Marlboro' 

Milton 

New Paltz 

Esopus 

Rondout 

Kingston 

Glasco.. 

Saugerties 

Maiden 

Catskill 

Athens 

Coxsackie 

New Baltimore .. 

Coeymans 

Albany 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



20 



44 

52 
57 

74 
82 
4 8t) 
4 90 
9 99 
107 

2 109 
9 118 

3 121 
3 124 
9 133 
6 139 
8 147 
H153 
2ll55 

121167 



(131) F'mNewYorkto 
Dunkirk. 

S^eflTTii'f (seep.48) 
To Piermont L'g 
JV. Y. S,- Erie Rti. 

Piermont 

Blauveltville 

Clarkstown 

Monsey 

Suffern's 

Ramapo 

Monroe Works.. 

Turners 

Monroe Village .. 

Chester 

Goshen 

New Hampton ... 

Middletovvn 

Howell's 

Otisville 

Pnirr Jervis*... 
Saw ftlill Ritt.,.. 
Pond Eddy ...Pa. 

Craigsville 

Barryvilie 

La.xa waxen 

Mast Hope Cr ... 
Delaware Bridge. 
NarrowsbiirgNY. 

Cocliecton 

Callicoon 

Hawkins 

Little Equinunck.. 
Big Equinunck... 

Stockport 

Clre^]octon 

Boundary Island . 

Deposit 

Gulf Summit 

Lanesboro' ...Pa- 
Great Bend 

Marshville 

Windsor Road... 



8194 
8 202 
8 210 

4 214 

5 219 



Conklin. N.Y,... 

B1NGHA.MT0N 

Union 

Campville 

OwEGO, (see 133). 

Tioga Centre 

Smithsboro' 

Barton 

Factory ville 

Athens, Pa 

Chemung, N-Y... 

Baldwin 

Elmira 

Big Flats 

E. Painted Post .. 

Corning 

Painted Post 

Campbelltown ... 

Mud Creek 

Bath 

Kennedysville 

Goff's Mills 

Howard 

Hornellsville 

Almond 

Centre Almond . . 

W. Almond 

Angelica 

Belfast 

Caneadea 

Rushford 

Farmersville 

Franklinville 

EUicottsville 

Little Valley 

Napoli 

Randolph 

Waterboro' 

Levant 

.Tamestown 

Vermont 

Gerry 

Holden-ville 

Fredonia 

Dunkirk 



22211 Gridleyville J 2260 

225|j Smith's 4 264 

234' Ithaca |l3l27; 



241 

248 
254 
258 
262 
266 
269 
274 
278 
287 
296 
300 
303 
305 
312 
3171 
323 
327 
332 
335 i 
345, 
350 
354 
359 i 
366 
372 
378 
384 
391 J 
3961 
409 1 
416 
424 



Steamb.onCayuga Lake. 



Ludlowville Lan. 

Port Ogden 

Sheldrake Point. . 

Aurora 

Levanna 

Union Springs 

Cayuga Bridge,.. 
Railroad. 

Geneva 

Canandaigtia 

Rochester 

Batavia 

Buffalo 



7 284 

8 292 

2 294 
8 3fl2 

3 305 
5 310 
7 317 

I 
16 333 
23 356 
29 385 
32 417 
42,459 



(134) F'M New York 

to Ovvego. 
Via Paterson, JV. J., 

Milford, Fenn., and 

Uonesdale. 
To Jersey City... I I 1 
Paterson ^Hudson RR. 



Bergen 

Aquackanonck. . . 

Paterson 

Stage, 

Pompton 

Newfoundland ... 

Stockholm 

Hamburg 

Deckertown 

429 I Liberty ville 

435||MiLF0RD, Pa 

440iiDarlingsville 

445l|Tafton 

452 1: Cherry Ridge 

457;1Honesdale 

464 il Way mart. 

472 

475 



032) F'M NewYork to 
Barcelona. 

To Jamestown — I 
(see No. 131)... |445 

Harmony 8 453 

Magnolia 7 460 

Maysville ! 6 466 

Westfield 6 472 

Barcelona 1 2 474 

(133) F'mNewYorkto 
Buffalo. 

Steamboat <S' Railroad. 

To OWEGO — I I 

(see No. 131) ...| 1248 

Cayuga Sr Susquehan.R. 
Candor ...........1101258 



3 
12 
17 

26 

35 

39 

48 

53 

56 

70 

82 

.92 

100 

105 

114 

120 

128 

136 

145 

152 

158 

164 

172 

181 



Carbondale... 

Dundaff 

Lenox 

Brooklyn 

Montrose 

Forest Lake.. 
Friendsville .. 
Warrenham.. 
Owego.N.Y. 

(135) F'M NewYork to 

Washington, D. C. 
Via Trenton, Philadel- 
phia, Pf^ilmijigton, <$• 
Baltimore. 
Steamhiiat. 
To Jersey City ... 
JVcw .Jersey RR. 

Newark 8 9 

Elizabethtown ... 5 14 

Rahway 5 19 

Metuchin 8 27 

NewBrunsvvick 4 31 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



73 



Trenton ^ JV. Bruns- 
wick Railroad. 

Kingston ]14| 45 

Princeton 4| 49 

Trenton lOl 59 

Mornsville, Pa. ..I ll 60 

Philadelphia Sr Trenton 

Railroad. 

Bristol I 91 69 

Steamboat. 
Philadelphia. ..1191 88 

Philadelpfii'i, Wilming- 
ton, Sr Baltimore RR. 



[(136i) F'm New York 
TO Geneva. 



277 



Gray's Ferry 

Lazaretto 

Chester 

Marcus' Hook... 
Naaman's Creek 
Wilmington... 

Newport 

Stanton 

Newark 

Elkton 

Northeast 

Charlestown 

Cecil 

Havre de Grace . 
Hall's ><1 Roads.. 

Ferryman's 

Gunpowder 

Harewood... 

Chase's 

Stemmer's Run . 

Canton 

Baltimore 

Baltimore Sr Ohio R.R. 

Relay House 1 81193 

Washington Br. RR. 



91 

98 
102 
105 
107 
115 
119 
121 
12/ 
133 
139 
142 
147 
148 
153 
156^ 
165 
167i 
169 
174 
182 
185 



To Ithaca— i 
(see No. 133)... 
[ Stage. 

'Jacksonville ^ 

Trllman^burg 3 288 

Covert 3,291 



(141) From Hudson to 
West Stockbridge. 



Farmer. 

Lodi 

Ovid 

Romulus — 

Varick 

W. Fayette . 
Geneva...., 



4295 
5300 
5305 
6|311 

4 318'^ ' 
9327 



(137) Fr'm Peekskill 
to Danbury, Ct. 



6 
13 

5 18 
2 20 

6 26 
31 



(138) F'm Sing Sing to 
Pawling's. 



To Yorktown — 

Somers 

Salem , 

N. Snlem 

Ridgebury, Ct. ., 
Danbury 



Elkridge Land'g . 
Annapolis June... 

Beltsville 

Biadensburg 

Washington . . . 



21195 

10205 

8213 

61219 

6|225 



a36) F'm New York 

to Rochester, 
Via Owego (S- Geneseo 

To Bath— 

(see No. 131)... 
Kennedysville — 

Avoca 

Conhocton 

Patchin's Mills... 

Lansville 

Sparta 

Groveland 

Groveland Centre. 

Geneseo 

South Avon 

Avon 

Rush 

Henrietta 

Rochester 



323 
327 
331 
339 
347 
353 
356 
361 
367 
373 
379 
381 
389 
51394 
7 [401 



To Pine's Bridge. 

Somers 

Owensville 

Southeast 

Patterson 

Pawling's 



7 
9 16 
2 18 
26 
33 
36 



(139) F'm Po'keepsie 
to N. Milford, Ct. 



Hudson <S- Berkshire 
Railroad. 
To Claverack— 

285 Mellenvilie 

Ghent 

Chatham 4Cor'8 

Chapmans 

Edwards 

State Line 

W. Stockbridge 2i 33 

From Hudsok 

to New Lebanon 

Springs. 
To Edwards — 

(see No. 141) . 
Stage. 
New Lebanon . 
New Lebanon 

Springs 

(143) Fr'm Albany to 

Pittsfield, Mass. 

To Schodack Cen- 
tre 

Nassau 

Brainard's Bridge 

MutHt's Store .... 

New Lebanon 

New Lebanon 
Springs 

Pittsfield 



3^301 



2T 

6 33 
it 34 



To Manchester 

Bridge 

Arthursburg 

Beekmantown 

Poughquag , 

Pawling's 

Quaker Hill 

Sherman , 

New Milford .. 



(140) F'm Poughkeep- 
siE TO West Corn- 
wall, Ct. 

To Pleasant Val- 
ley 7 

Washington Hol- 
low 5 12 

Hartsville 3 15 

Mabbetsville 2 17 

Lithgow 3 20 

Amenia 5 25 

Leedsville 3 28 

Amenia Union... 2 30 

Sharon, Ct 4 34 

W.Cornwall.. 5 39 



(144) Fr'm Albany to 
Boston. 

ToGreenbush....! I 1 

Mbany Sr West Stock- 
bridge Railroad. 

Schodack 7| 8 

Kinderhook 8 16 

Chatham 7| 23 

E. Chatham 5 28 

Canaan 5 33 

State Line 51 38 



Richmond 

Shaker Village. ., 

Pittsfield 

Dalton 

Hinsdale 

Washington 

North Becket 

Chester Factory.. 
(Jhester Village. . , 

Russell , 

Westfield 

W. Springfield.., 
Springfield — 

Wiibraham 

N. Wiibraham... 

Palmer 

Warren 

W. Brookfield..., 



41 

44 
49 
54 
57 
62 
65 
75 
81 
84 
92 
SilOO 
2102 
6,108 
SilU 
6117 
10127 
4ll31 



74 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



S. Brookfiekl 2133 

E. Brookfield 3136 

Spencer 2138 

Charlton 5143 

Cliippville 4147 

Worcester ! 9156 

Boston and Worcester 
Railroad. 

Grafton 

Westhoro' 

Southboro' 

Hnpkinton 

Framinghain 

Natick 

Needham 

Newton 

Angier's Corner.. 

Brighton 

Boston 



(145) Fr'm Albany to 
Bennington. Vt. 



To Troy 

Lansingburg . 
Raymertown. 

Pittstown 

Hoosick 

Bennington. 



6 

4 10 
9 19 
4 23 
7 30 
38 



(146) Fr'm Albany to 

Lake George, 

f^ia. Saratoga Springs 

and Glenn's Falls. 

Mohawk and Hudson 

Railroad. 
ToSchenectadyI ! 16 

Saratoga <S- Schenecta- 
dy Railroad. 
Re.xford Flats .... 4 

Burnt Hills 4 

Ballston Centre... 4 

Ballston 3 

Saratoga Sp'gs. 
Stage. 

Wilton 

Fortsville 

Glenn's Falls . 
CJaldwell (at the 

foot of Lake 

George) 



31 



62 

(147) Fr'm Albany to 
Saratoga Springs 
AND Whitehall, 
Via Troy. 

To Troy i 1 6 

Rensselaer Sr Saratoga 
Railroad. 



Waterford 

Mechanicsville ... 

Ballston Spa 

Saratoga Sp'gs 



Stage. 

Fortsville 

Sandy Hill .... 

Kingsbury 

Fort Ann 

Whitehall.. 



(148) Fr'm N. York to 
Whitehall, 

Via Albany <$- Troy 

Steamboat. 

To Albany— 
(see No. 128) ... 
Stage. 

Watervliet 

Troy 

Lansingburg 

WaterfTird 

Mechanicsville ... 

Stillwater 

Bemus' Heights.. 

Schuylersville 

Northumberland . 

Fort Miller 

Fort Edward 

Sandy Hill 

Kingsl)ury 

Fort Ann 

Conistock's Land- 
ing 

Whitehall, 



5 215 

7222 



(149) Fr'm Albany to 
Montreal, 

(Winter Route,) 

Via Glenn's Fails <S- 
Plattsburgh. 



To Glenn's Falls 

(see No. 146) ... 
Caldwell 


9 

6 

12 

15 

12 

19 

5 

16 

6 

10 

2ti 

9 

7 

t 


56 

65 


Warrensburg 

Chestertown 

Schroon Lake 

Schroon River ... 
Elizabethtown ... 
Lewis 


71 

83 

98 

no 

129 
1^4 


Keeseville 

Peru 


150 
It6 


Plattsburgh... 
Rouse's Point .... 

La Colle, Can 

Napierviile 

Douglassville 

St. Philip 


166 
192 
201 
208 
212 
9^k 


La Prairie 

Across St. Law- 
rence to 

Montreal 

(150) F'm Alba> 

Buffalo. 
Mohawk and Hj 

Railroad. 
To Schenectady.. 


6224 
9233 

lY TO 

idson 
1 16 



9 


25 


3 


28 


4 


32 ; 


5 


37 ' 


6 


43 


H 


51 


3 


54 ^ 


3 


57 ' 


3 


60 


3 


63 


10 


73 


6 


79 


7 


8(i 


8 


94 



Utica and Schenectady 

Railroad, 

Hoffman's 

Cranesville 

Amsterdam 

Tribe's Hill 

Fonda 

Spraker's 

Palatine Bridge 

Fort Plain 

Palntine Church 
St. Johnsville .. 

Little Falls 

Herkimer 

Schuyler 

Utica 

Syracuse <Sr Utica Rail- 
road. 

Whitesboro' 

Oriskany 

Rome 

Verona Centre . . 
Oneida Depot ... 

Wampsville 

Canastota 

(Jhittenango 

Manlius 

Syracuse 

Auburn and Syracuse 

Railroad. 

Geddes , 

Camillus 

Elbridge 

Skaneatelns June, 

Sennet 

Auburn 

Auburn and Rochester 

Railroad. 
Cayuga Bridge.. 

Seneca Falls 

Waterloo 

Geneva 

Oak's Corners... 

E. Vienna 

W, Vienna 

Clifton Springs.. 

Short's Mills 

Chnpinsville 

Canandaigua 

Victor 

Pitfsford 

Brighton 

Rochester 



149 
155 
163 
164 

41168 

51173 



183 



192 
199 
204 
207 
208 
211 
216 
219 
222 
231 
243 
247 
251 
Tonawanda Railroad. 

Churchville 14 265 

Bergen 4269 

Byron 71276 

Batavia 7 283 

Alexander 8 291 

Attica 3!294 

Attica 4" Buffalo Rail- 
road. 

Darien 6300 

Alden 5305 

Lancaster 10 315 

Buffalo — . 10 325 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



(151) From Troy to 

schknectady. 

Schenectady and Troy 

Railroad. 
To Schenectady! I 20 

(152) From Troy to 
Whitehall. 



To Lnnsingburgh. 

Junction 

Scliagticoke... 

Easton 

Greenwich 

JV. Greenwich. 

Argyle 

Hartford 

N. Granville .. 
Whitehall.. 



(153) From Troy to 
Hancock, Mass. 

4 



To Wynant's Kill 
Sand Lake .... 

Alps 

Stephentown . . 
Hancock 



7 11 
3 14 

8 22 
3l 25 



(154) From Troy to 
Burlington, Vt. 



Via Castleton 

To Troy 

Lansingburgh 

Junction 

Tomhannock 

Pnispect Hill 

Buskirk's Bridge. 

Cambridge 

JacksDn 

Salem 

hebrun 

Granville 

W. Poultney.Vt.. 

( Jiistletnn 

Burlington — 
(seeiNo. 3y).... 



(155) F'm Albany to 

Syracuse, 
Via Cherry Valley and 

Morrisville. 



To Guilderland .. 

Dunnsville 

Duanesburg 

Esperance 

SloHnsville 

Carlisle 

Sharon 

Sharon Springs .. 

Lee.sville 

Cherry Valley 

E. Springfield 

Springfield 

VViirren 

Richfield Springs. 



Winfield 

Bridgewater 

Sangerfield 

Madison 

Morrisville 

Nelson 

Cazenovia 

Gran 

Manlius 

Fayetteville 

De Witt 

Syracuse 



73 



(156) Fr'm Alba.ny to 

Binghamton 
To Guilderland ,. 9 

Knowersville 6 15 

Knox 6 21 

Gallupsville 6 27 

Schoharie 5 32 

Purichkill 5 37 

Cobleskill 5 42 

Richmondville ... 5 47 
East Worcester . . 6 53 

Worcester 5 58 

Maryland 4 62 

Colliersville 7 69 

Oneonto 6 75 

Otego 9 

Unadilla 10 94 

Bainbridge 12 106 

Bainbridge.... 6112 

Nineveh 6118 

Harpersville 2120 

Colesville 3123 

Binghamton .. 



75 



2125 
3 128 
7135 
2137 
8145 



(158) Fr'm Cattskill 
TO Canajoharie. 



Hastings 

Yonkers 

Fort Lee, N. J. . 
Manhiittanville.. 
New York 



To Leeds 

Cairo 

Winansville 

Durham 

Oakhill 

Preston Hollow.. 
Livingstonville.. 

Middlebury 

Schoharie 

Sloansville 

Root 

Spraker's Basin . 
Canajoharie .. 



10133 

(157) Fr'm Albany to 
New York. 

Overslaugh 3 

Castleton 5 8 

Coeymans 4 12 

New Baltimore... 2 14 

Kinderhook 4 18 

Coxsackie 3 21 

Hudson 8 29 

Cattskill 5 34 

Saugerties 10 44 

Upper Red Hook. 1 45 

Lower Red Hook. 3 48 

Rhinebeck 7 55 

Pelham 6 61 

Hyde Park 4 65 

Poughkeepsie.. 6 71 

Milton 4 75 

New Hamburgh,. 3 78 

Newburgh 6 84 

Cornwall 4 88 

Cold Spring 3 91 

West Point 2 93 

Caldwell's L'd'g. 8101 

Verplanck's Pt. . . 4 105 

SingSing 7112 

Tarrytown 6118 

Piermont 3121 

Dobb's Ferry 2123 



(159) Fr'm Cattskill 
TO Ithaca, 

Via Delhi. 



To Leeds 

Cairo 

Acra 

S. Durham 

Union Society 

Windham 

Scienceville 

Prattsville 

Mooresville 

Stamford 

Hobart 

S. Kortwright 

Bloomville 

Delhi 

W. Meredith 

Franklin 

Sidney 

Unadilla 

Sidney Plains 

Bainbridge 

CoventryvilL^ 

»fI!oventry 

(Jreene 

Geneganslet 

Triangle 

Whitney's Point. 

Lisle 

Richford 

Caroline 

Slatersville... . 
Ithaca 



4 

6 10 
3 13 

3 16 

6 22 

5 27 
2 29 

6 35 

4 39 

8 47 
4 51 

4 55 

5 60 

7 67 
7 74 
7 81 

9 90 
1 91 

5 96 
^. 103 
7 no 
£ 113 
6119 
( 122 
4 126 
4 1.30 

6 '33 
11141 

e 150 
e 153 

91162 - 



(160) F'm Newburgh 
TO Goshen. 



To New Windsor 
Salisbury Mills... 
Blooming Gro\e.. 

Hamptonburg 

Goshen — . 



76 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



(161) F'm Newburgh 
TO Barcelona, 
(Lake Erie.) 
To Coldenham 
Montgomery . . 

Bullville 

Bloomingburg 
Barcelona — 
(seeiNo.131). 



3 

.349 



(162) F'm Amsterdam 
to northvillk. 

To Perth 

Broadalbin 

Unio[i Mills 

^Northampton 

Osborne's Bridge. 
North ville 



2J 



From Fonda toI 1 
Johnstown ...| | 4 

(163) From Little 
Falls to Trenton. 
To Eatonville. 

Fairtield 

Middieville ... 

Newport 

Poland 

Russia 

Trenton Falls . 
Trenton 



(164) From Utica to 

Sackett's Harbor. 

To S. Trenton ... 9 

Trenton 4 13 

Remsen 4 17 

Booneville 14 31 

Ley den 6 37 

Turin 5 42 

Houseville 4 46 

Martinsbiirg ^ 4 50 

Low'ville 3 53! 

Stow's Square ... 3 56 

Denmark 6 62 

Champion 7 69 

Rutland 6 75 

Watertown 6 81 

Brownviile 4 85 

Sackett's Har- 
bor 



To W.Branch... 

W. Ley den 

Constablesville. .. 
Turin— 
(see No. 164) .., 



93 

(165) From Utica to 
Ogdensburg, 
Via Denmark. 

To Denmark — l 

(see No. 164) . . . 62, 

Carthage 6 68! 

Wilna f 5 73 

Antwerp 12 ^5j 

Somerville 7 92; 

Gouverneur 5 971 

Richville 6103 

DeKalb 81111 



Heuvelton I 8|119 

Ogdensburg | 7|l26 

(166) From Rome to 
Turin, 



110 
9 19 

6j 25 

ol 30 



(167) From Rome to 
Oswego. 

To McConnells- 

ville 

Camden 

W. Camden 

Williamstown .. 
Union Square ... 

Mexico ; 

New Haven 

Scriba 

Oswego 



(168) F'm SYRAcrsE to 
Ogdensburg, 



Via fVatertuwn, 



ToSalina 

Cicero 

Brewerton 

Central Square. 

Hastings 

Colosse 

Union Square .. 

Richland 

Sandy Creek ... 

Mannsville 

Adams 

Appling 

Watertown . 
Evans's Mills... 
Philadelphia ... 

Antwerp 

Oxbow 

Rossie . 

Hammond 

Morristown 

Ogdensburg.. 



(170) F'm Watertown 
TO Cape Vin(;ent. 

To Brownsville .. I 4 

Limerick 4 8 

Chaumont 6 14 

Three-mile Biiy .. 4 IS 
Cape Vincent 8 26 

(171) F'm Sackett's 
Harbor to Pier- 
pont's Manor. 

To Smithville 



Belleville. 

Ellisburg 

Pierpont's Manor. 



I 6 
6 12 
4 16 
3l 19 



(172) F'm Syracuse to 
Oswego. 

ToSalina 2 

Liverpool 3 5 

Clay 6 11 

Phoenix 6 17 

Fulton 9 26 

Oswego H 37 



(169) F'm Ogdensburg 
TO Plattsburg. ! 



To Lisbon 

Waddington 

Madrid 

Norfolk 

Massena , 

Racket River 

Hogansburg , 

Fort Covington .. 
W. Constable ... 

E. Constable 

Chateaugay 

Ellenbiirg 

Plattsburgh.. 





8 


10 


18 


9 


27 


8 


35 


11 


46 


6 


52 


8 


60 


8 


68 


5 


73 


7 


80 


12 


92 


13 


105 


27 


132 



(173) Fr'm Oswego to 

Rochester. 
To N. Sterling... 6 

Little Stjdus 

Red Creek 

Wolcott 

Huron 

Port Glasgow ... 

Alton 

Sodus 

Williamson 

Ontario 

Webster 

Rochester 12 



(174) F'm Oswego to 
Ogdensburg, 

Via Kingston, Canada. 

Steamboat. 
To Sackett's Har- 

bor 45 

Kingston, Canada 40 85 
French Creek ....20105 

Alexandria 12117 

Brockville, Can. . 20 137 

Morristown 2139 

Ogdensburg — 10 149 

(175) Fr'm Oswego TO 
Lewiston. 

Steamboat. 



To Sodus Bay 

Pultney ville 

Genesee River 

Oak Orchard C'k. 

Olcott 

Fort Niagara 

Youngstown 

Lewiston.. — . 



18 

3C 
60 
100 
120 
138 
139 
145 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



77 



(176") From Palatine 
BRiDGi; TO Bingham- 

TON, 

Via. Cooperstown. 

To Canujoharie . . 1 

Buel ° 9 

Cherry Valley.... 8 17 

Cooperstown..... 14 ^1 

HartwickSemin y 4 d5 

Milford 4 39 

Colliersville 10 49 

biNGHAMTON— 

CseeN 0.156)... 64 113 
(177) From Utica to 

BiNGHAMTON. 



To W. Hartford 

Paris 

Waterville | b 

Madison 

Bouckville 

Hamilton 

Earleville 

Sherburne 

N. Norwich 

Norwich 

Oxford 

S. Oxford 

Greene ■ 

Chenango Forks 

BiNGHAMTON .. 



(178) From Utica to 
Ithaca, 

i Via Cortland Village. 

To New Hartford.] | 

Clinton 1 51 

5 

7 



(180) From Utica to 
Cooperstown. 

To Frankfort Hill ^ 6 

Litchfield 4 10 

Columbia o Vi 

Richtield Springs. / ip 

Oakville 10 3o 

Cooperstown .. 5 4U 

(181) From Coopers 
TOWN TO Ithaca. 

To Burlington.... 11 

Edmeston 6 1/ 

Sherburne 15 6i 

Otselic 15 47 

DeRuyter 9 56 

^™ee*'N^.178)...43 99 

(182) From Railroad 
Depot to N. Wood- 
stock. 

To Chittenango . . I 2 

Cazenovia 8 10 

New Woodstock 
(see No. 178) ...1 6 16 

(183) F'm Syracuse to 

Ithaca, 
Via Cortland Village. 
To Onondaga Hol- 
low „ 4 

Cardiff; 8 12 

Tully... 7 19 

Homer 11 30 

Cortland 3 33 

Ithaca — • - — „ ,, 
(see No. 178)... 22 5o 



Hannibal 

Kinney's Corners. 
Oswego 



(187) From Geneva to 
Ithaca. 



To W. Fayette. 

Ovid 

Farmersville ... 
Trumansburg .. 
Ithaca 



Deansville 
Oriskany Falls . . . 

Madison 

Bouckville 

Eaton 

Erieville 

New Woodstock. 

DeRuyter 

Cuyler 

Truxton 

Homer 

Cortland Vil- 
lage 

McLean 

Dryden 

Ithaca 



121 93 



(179) From Ithaca to 
Bainbridge. 



To Sauquoit 

Paris Furnace... 

Bridgewater 

W. Edmeston... 

New Berlin 

Mt. Upton 

Bainbridge .... 



(188) From Geneva to 
ELMIRA& Corning. 

Steamboats on Seneca 
Lake. 
To Salubria* ....I 1 39 
Stage. \ 

Havanna o\ 4^ 

Millport 7 49 

Fairport 7 5b 

ElmiRA 1 bl bJ 

* To Salubria....! I 39 

W. Catlin I 9 48 

Hornby I 5| 53 

Corning 8, 61 

(189) From Geneva to 
Bath. 





9 


2 


n 


8 


19 


9 


28 


9 


37 


16 


53 


13 


66 



(184) F'm Syracuse to 
Skaneateles. 

ToGeddes 

Camillus - 

Elbridge.......... 8 16 

Skaneateles June. 1 17 

Skaneateles... 5 22 

(185) Fr'm Auburn to 
Ithaca. 



To Fleming.. 
The Square .. 
Scipioville ... 
Poplar Ridge. 

Ledyard 

King's Ferry . 
Lansingville . 
Ludlowville.. 
Ithaca 



To Benton 

Penn Yan 

BHrrington . — 

Wayne 

Urbanna 

Cold Spring Mills 
Bath 



(190) From Geneva to 
conhocton. 



ToGorham 

Rushville 

Middlesex 

Naples 

N. Conhocton. 

CoNHOCTON .. 



(186) Fr'm Auburn to 
Oswego. 

To Sennet 5 

Weedsport 3 o 

fr;v.;::-.;:-.-.::-. I S 



(191) From Geneva to 
Oswego. 

11 
14 
19 
24 
31 



To Junius 

Marengo 

Clyde 

Rose 

Wolcott 

Oswego— 
(see No. 173) 



56 



(192) F'm Canandaigua 

TO Erie, Pa. 

Via Geneseo,Franklin- 

ville, Sr Jamestown. 



To Bristol , , 

Allen's Hill ..,•••• 5 
W. Richmond... .1 i 



7^ 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



Livonia 

Lakeville 

Gkneseo 

Moscow 

Perry 

Castile 

E. Pike 

Pike 

Ceiitreville 

Fairview 

Farmersville 

Franklinville 

Ellicottsville 

Little Valley 

Napoli 

Randolph 

Waterboro' 

Levant 

Jamestown 

Harmony 

Panama 

Clymer 

Wattsburg, Pa... 
Erie 



20 
24 
30 
3d 
43 
49 
53 
57 
65 
70 
75 
80 
93 
100 
108 
113 
119 
124 
129 
13 
6|143 
10il53 
10163 
18ll81 



C193) F'm Rochester 
TO Olean. 



To Henrietta. — 

Rush 

Avon 

S. Avon 

Geneseo 

Mt. Morris 

Brook's Grove ... 
Nunda Valley — 

Grove 

Allen 

Angelica 

Hobbieville 

Friendship 

Cuba 

Hinsdale 

Olean 



Middleport I 3! 46 

Reynold's Basin.. 3! 49 
Lockport 1 91 58 

Lockport and JViagara 
Falls RR. 



Pekin 

Junction Lewis. 

ton RR.* .; 

Niagara Falls. 



12 70 



I 7 
12 
20 
22 
28 
34 
41 
45 
53 
59 
65 
70 



6 76 

6 82 

* 3 miles from Junction 

to Levviston. 
Rochester to Lew-I I 
iston I 179 

From Rochester to 

Lockport. 
On the north road. I 1 64 

(196) F'm Rochester 
TO Charlotte. 

To Hanford's 

Landing .. 

Charlotte ... 



(197) F'm Batavia to 
Lockport. 



To Oakfield 

Alabunia 

Ruyalton 

LocKPoRT . 



6 14 

9 23 
9l 32 



(198) F'm Batavia to 
Buffalo. 



(194) F'm Rochester 

TO Moscow. 
ToO'Connellsville 

Hcotsville 

Wheatland 

Caledonia 

York 

Greigsville 

Moscow 



(195) F'm Rochester 

TO Niagara Falls, 

Via Lockport. 

To Adam's Basin. _ 10 

Brockport 5 15 

Holley 5 20 

Halburton 4 24 

Albion 6 30 

Knowlesvi.le 6 36 

Medina 4 40 

Shelby Basin 3 43 



To E. Pembroke 

Pembroke 

Nevvstead 

Clarence 

Wiiliarnsville ... 
Elysville. 



Buffalo I 5 38 

(199) F'm Buffalo to 

younostown, 

Via JViagara Falls. 

Buffalo and JViagara 

Falls RR. 



To Black Rock .. 

Tonawanda 

Niagara Falls . 

Lockport and JVic 

Falls RR. 

To Junction Lew- 

iston RR 


8 
11 

IS 

6 
3 

6 


3 
11 
22 

ara 

28 
31 


Stage. 

YOUNGSTOWN ... 


37 



(200) F'm Buffalo to 

Geneseo. 
To E. Hamburg..! 112 

VVillink 6 18 

Wales I 6124 



Sheldon 


7 31 


Jdhnsonburg 

Orangeville 


4 35 
4 39 
6 45 




8 53 




7 60 


Geneseo 6l 60 

(201) F'm Buffalo to 
Olean. 

To Hamburg 112 

Boston 91 21 


Springfield 

Ashford 


9 30 

8 38 


Ellicottsville 

Great Valley 

Chapelsburg 


11 49 

7 56 

7 fa^ 

8 71 




4 75 


(202) F'm BuFFAi 
Erie, Pa. 

To Hamburg (on 
the Lake) 


O TO 

12 

7 19 


Evans 


4 33 




8 31 


Silver Creek 


3 34 

4 38 


Fredonia 

Salem X Roads . . 
Portland 


8 46 
7 53 

?, 55 


Westfield 


8 63 




8 71 


Northville, Pa. .. 

Northeast 

Harbor Creek 

Westleyville 


3 74 

4 78 

5 83 
4 87 
4 91 


(203) F'm Buffal 

Chicago, 
Via Cleveland, De 
and Mackinai 
Steamboat. 

To Dunkirk 

Portland 1 

Erie, Pa S 

Conneaut, Ohio S 

Ashtabula 1 

Grand River S 

Cleveland — i 
Black River i 


o to 

troit, 

1 45 

6 61 
91 
121 
4 135 
10 165 
10 195 

7 222 
a 242 


Sandusky '. 

Detroit, Mich 7 

Fort Gratiot 7 

Point auBarque-! 7 
Thunder Baylsl. "" 

PresQue Isle * 

Mackinac 6 

Manitou Island. IC 

MlLWAUKIE, 

Wis Ic 


252 
5 §27 

5 474 
5 549 
629 
5 694 
13 797 

947 




5 972 


Sonthport : 

Chicago, 111. .. i 


3 985 
)71042 



ROUTES IN NEW YORK. 



79 



(204) F'mPlattsburg 

TO Ogdknsburg. 
To Ellenbnrg.. 
ChiUeaugay.. . 

iVInlone 

Bungor 

Dickinson 

Nicholville 

Hopkinville ... 

Pnrisliville 

Potsdam 9 

Canton 11 

OODENSBURG 18 



(205) From Buffalo 
TO Albany. 

Attica Sr Buffalo Rail- 
road. 



To Lancaster 
Alden .. 
Da rien . . 
Attica , 



Tunawanda Railroad. 
Alexander... 

Batavia 

Byron 

Bergen 

Churchville . 
Rochester 



3 


34 


8 42 


7i 49 


7 


nti 


4 


m 


14 


74 



Auburn arid Rochester 
Railroad. 

Brighton 

Pittsford 

Victor 

Canaiidaigna 

Chapinsville 

Short's Mills 

Ch'tton Springs.. 

W. Vienna 

E. Vienna 

Oak's Corners... 

Geneva 

Waterloo 

Seneca Falls 

Cayuga Bridge.. 
Auburn 



78 
82 
94 
103 
106 
Iftt 
114 
117 

m 

121 

51126 
7 133 
4137 
51142 
10152 



Auburn and Syracuse 
Railroad. 

Sennet 

Skaneateles June, 

Elbridge 

Camillus 

Geddes 

Syracuse 



157 
161 
162 
170 
176 
178 

Syracuse <^ Utica Rail- 
road. 
Manlius 1101188 



Chittenango 

Cfinastota 

Wiirnpsville , 

Oneida Depot 

Verona Centre ... 

Rome 

Orisknny 

Whitesboro' 

Utica 



4 192 


6198 


3 201 


3 204 
4(208 


9 


217 


7 


224 


4 


228 


3 


231 



Utica and Schenectady 
Railroad. 



Schnyler 

Herkimer 

Little Falls 

St. Jdlinsville 

Palatine Church.. 

Fort Plain 

Palatine Bridge .. 

Spraker's 

Fonda 

Tribe's Hill 

Amsterdam 

Cranesville 

Hoffman's 

Schenectady 



8 239 

7 246 
6 2.2 

10 262 
3 265 
3 268 
3 271 

3 274 

8 282 
6 288 
5 293 

4 297 
3 300 

9 309 

Mohawk and Hudson 

Railroad. 
Albany llol325 



ROUTES IN CANADA 



{205 I.) From Buffalo 

TO Q.UEENSTON. 

^ Steamboat. 

To Chippewa... 1 I 20 

Chippewa i$- Queenston 

Railroad. 
J^ia-gara Falls.. \ 3 23 
Drummondrille. 1 24 

Queenston I 6 30 

(205 11.) Niagara 

i ALL3 TO MoNTRKAL. 

Railroad. 
To Lewislon I j 9 

Steamboat. 
Fort George, Ca. 7' 16 

Toronto 36 52 

Port Hope 65 117 

Coburg 7 124 

Kingston 110 234 

Brock ville 63 297 

Ogdensb'g.N.V. 12 309 
Cornwall, Can.. 50 359 
Cotean du Lac. 41400 

Cascades 14 414 

Lachiiie 24 438 

Stage. 

Montreal 1 91447 

(205 III.) From Mon 
treal to New York. 

Steamboat 
To La J'rairie...! i 9 
Champlain (J- St- Law- 

re/ice Railroad. 
St. Johns i 151 24 



Steamboat. 

Isleau Noix ....1 11 35 

Rouses Pt. N.Y. 14 49 

Plattsburgh 2j 74 

BuRHNGT'N.Vt.l 25 99 

West Port, N.Y.j 28 127 
Crown Point....' 20 147 
Ticonderoga*... 10il57 

Whiteliall 24181 

Saratoga Sp's. 391220 

Railroad. 
Troy 1 311251 

Steamboat. 
New York 11461397 

From Montreal to 
Saratoga 

via JLakc George. 
*ToTiconderoga I 

(as above) 157 

Alexandria | 3160 

Steamboat LakeGeorge. 

Caldwell I 36196 

Saratoga Sp's. I 27 1223 

From Montreal to 
New York, 

To S irato/ra Spri?tgs, 
(as above.)....! 1220 

Railroad. 

Schenectady I 22i242 

Albany | 16|258 

Steamboat. 
New York ....11451403 



(205 IV.) From Mo>f- 
TUEAL to Quebec. 

Varennes 1 1 15 

William Henry..! 30 4.> 
St. Francis I 38 83 



90 
25 115 
20 135 
15 1^0 
22 172 
8180 



Three Rivers 

St. Anne 

Richelieu Rapids 

Cape Same 

Cape Rouge 

Quebec 

(205 V.) Fro.m Quebec 

TO Halifax, N. S. 

Steamer. 

Cape Tournieut. 30 

The Pillars 25 55 

Mai Bay 25 80 

Pilgrim Islands.. 25105 

Tapousac 35 140 

Bid a5173 

Mitis Harbor.... 45 220 

Cape Cliat 70 290 

CapeMagdelaiiie 70;%"0 

Cape R(jsiere 65 425 

Cape Gaspe 10 435 

(Jape D'Espoir 30 465 

Bay of Chaleurs 25 4i^0 

Mirimichi Bay .. 55 545 

Richd)ucto Har. 28 573 

Sbediac Harbor. 34 607 

Bay Verte 43 650 

PiCTou 60 710 

Stage. 

Truro I 401750 

Halifax | 601810 



DESCRIPTION OF THE CENTRAL STATES, 

AND 

THE PRINCIPAL CITIES, TOWNS, WATERING- 
PLACES, &c. 










Vij^nriiJM BOauEiNTOWiM i 

NEW JERSEY lies between 3S)° and 41° 24' N 
lat.,and between 74° and 75" 29' W. Ion. It is 163 
miles long and 52 broad, containing 8,320 square miles. 
"^^ Population in 1840, 373.306. 

;,;;;£ The northern part of the state is mountainous, being 
;^W crossed by a branch of the Alleghany ridge; the mid- 
^w,p, die portion is agreeably diversified by hills and valleys, 

'^-■^<y while the southern part is level, sandy, and mostly 

covered with pines and a scanty growth of slirub oaks. The northern and mid- 
dle portions of the state have a fertile soil. The Hudson and Delaware 
rivers flow on the eastern and western sides of this state. The Raritan is 
navigable for sloops 17 miles to New Brunswick, and it enters Raritan 
bay; the Passaic, navigable for small vessels for about 15 miles, and 
enters into Newark bay ; die Hackensack, navigable 15 miles, also enters 
Newark bay ; Great Egg Harbor river, navigable 20 miles for small craft 
passes through a bay of the same name, and enters into the Atlantic 
The principal bays are Newark and Raritan ; Delaware bay is on its 
southeastern border. It has two important capes, viz., Cape May, on 
Delaware bay, and Sandy Hook, at the entrance of the bay of New York. 
There are in this state two colleges, viz., tlie College of New Jersey, or 
Nassau Hall, founded in 1738, and Rutger's College, in New Bruns- 
wick, founded in 1770, with which is connected a Theological Seminary, 
established in 1784, by the Dutch Reformed Church. There are in the 
state about 70 academies and 1,250 common school.s. 

The government is vested in a governor, senate, and general assembly. 
The senators are elected for three years, and the assembV are elected 
annually. The legislature meet annually on the second Tuesday it 
January. The governor is chosen for three years, and is ineligible for the 
same office for the next three years. He must have attained the age of 30 
years, and have resided seven years in the state, and been a citizen of the 
United States for 20 years. Every white male citizen of the United 
States of the age of 21 years, who shall have been a resident of the state 
one year, and of the county five months, shall be a legal voter. Judges of 
the Supreme Court, and the chancellor, are appointed by the governor an(? 
senate for a term of 7 years ; the judges of the Court of Common Pleas, 
by the senate and assembly for five years. 



STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 



!1 



i^y^ 




The first settlement of New Jersey, was by the Dutch about 1614. On 
the 19th of Dec, 1787, in convention, it adopted the constitution of the 
United States by a unanimous vote. 

Trknton, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of the 
Delaware, and at the head of steamboat navigation, and is 59 miles from 
New York. The city is regularly laid out, and has many handsome public 
and private buildings. It contains a state-house, 2 banks, the State library, 
Btate prison, a city-hull, a lyceum, 11 churches, 4 academies, and 6,000 in- 
habitants. Tlie town was first settled in 1720, and is memorable for the 
" Battle of Trenton," fought Dec. 25, 1776, when the enemy were routed 
by the forces under Washington. Cars leave twice daily for JV. York, {fare 
$'2,) for Philadelphia, (fare SI. 50.) Stages leaveTi tirnes awcek for Mansfield. 

Princeton, distant 50 miles from New York, is pleasantly situated and 
neatly built. Population 2,100. It contains 4 churches, a bank, and the 
buildings of the 
College of New 
Jersey. This in- 
stitution was first 
incorporated in 
1746. JSTassau 
Hall, the princi- 
pal edifice, is 176 
feet long, 50 feet 

wide, and 4 stories _ 

high. It has a presi lent ii 1 12 prutes rs or otl tr i stru tor 2 183 
alumni, 263 students, and 12,000 volumes in its libraries ; it has also a 
valuable philosophical, astronomical, and chemical apparatus, a min- 
eralogical cabinet, and a museum of natural history. The commence- 
ment is on the last Wednesday in September. The Princeton Theological 
Seminary of tiie Presbyterian Church, located here, has 5 professors, 120 
Btudents, and 7,000 volumes in its libraries. Its buildings are commodious. 
Cars leave the Princeton depot twice daily for Philadelphia and for JVew 
York. Stages leave daily for L,ong Branch, via Freehold. 

New Brun.swick is situated on the right bank of the Raritan river, 
31 miles from New York. It contains a court-house, jail, eight churches, 
two banks, and 8,693 inhabitants. It is the seat of Rutger's College, 
founded in 1770, which has a president, 9 professors or other instructors, 
483 alumni, 85 students, and 1,200 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
mencement is on the fourth Wednesday in July. Connected with the 
college is a Theological Department, under the Dutch Reformed Church. 
Cars leave twice daily for Jfew York, {fare 5Q cts. ;) and for Philadelphia — 
steamboats daily for JVew York — stages 3 times a week for Easton, Pa. 

Rahvvay, situated on both sides of Rahway river, 5 miles from its 
mouth, contains 5 churches, the Rahway Female Institute, an academy, 
a bank, several manufacturing establishments, and 4.500 inhabitants. 
Cars leave three times daily for JVew York, and twice for Philadelphia. 

Elizabethtow^n, 5 miles from Newark, has a court-house, a bank, 5 
churches, 4 academies, and 2,500 inhabitants. Cars leave several tim.es 
daily for JVew York, and for Somerville. Steam boat daily to JVew York. 

SoMERViLLE, on the north side of Raritan river, is mostly built on one 
Btreet, and contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and about 
1,500 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for JVew York via JElizabethport. 
Stages leave daily for Easton, Pa. 

4* 



82 



STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 



Newark is situated on the right bank of Passaic river, 3 miles from 

its entrance into 
N( wark bay, ami 
') miles from New 
York. It contains 
a court liou^ie, 3 
bnnks, 25 cliurcii- 
Ls, two Jibraries, 
two literary and 
•"Cicntitic associa- 
tions, 6 academies, 
jfJtred with trees. 




,.1=, L, 



and i:,2'J0mLaL.t....l.. 1..^ i^ige p^LL^ 
add much to the beauty of tiie place. The city is abundantly supplied 
with pure water from a spring two miles distant. Cars leave 9 times daily 
for JVew York, {fare 25 cts.) and twice fur Philadelphia, and also fur 
Murristown. ^ steamboat plies to Meic York. 

Jkrsev City, opposite to the city of New York, is beautifully situated 
on the right bank of the Hudson, and contains 5 churches, several manu- 
factories, and about 4,000 inhabitants. The New Jersey railroad com- 
mences here, and in connection with other railroads extends to Camden, 
opposite Philadelphia. The Paterson and Hudson railroad extends to 
Paterson. The Morris canal also terminates here. In the war of the 
Revolution, Powles Hook (as the place was then called) was occupied as 
an outpost of the British army. It was surprised by Major Lee, on the 
night of the 18th of August, 1779. and 159 prisoners taken. Steamboats 
pill to JSTcw York every few minutes daily. 

HoBOKEN is one mile north from Jersey City, The village has a church 
and about 500 inhabitants. The grounds along the bank of the Hudson 
liave been laid out in gravelled walks, and embowered with shrubbery for 
the distance of two miles, terminating at a beautiful lawn called the 
Elysian Fields. Hoboken is much frequented in summer. Steamboats 
ply every few minutes daily between it and the city of Kew York, at three 
different ferries. 

Paterson is situated on the right bank of the Passaic river, at the falls. 
It contains a court-house, 14 churches, two banks, a philosophical society 
with a library, an academy, several extensive cotton and other manu- 
factories, and about 9,000 inhabitants. The river has here a perpen- 
dicular descent of 70 feet, which was formerly a very picturesque and in- 
teresting cascade ; the effect however has been mucli diminished, by the 
wnters having been drawn off from the river above in race-ways, to 
propel machinery. Cars arrive and depart twice daily for JVew York. 
Stages leave 3 ti7nes a week for Mil ford. Pa. 

Hackensack, situated on the right bank of Hackensack river, 14 miles 
from New York, contains a court-house, four churches, 2 academies, 2 
seminaries, and 1.500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for JVew York. 

AcQUACKANONCK, 12 miles from N. Y., has 3 churches, an academy, and 
500 inhabitants. Blachley''s Mineral Spring is li miles from the village. 

MoRRisToWN, situated on an elevated plain, 22 miles from Newark, is 
laid out in streets crossing each other at right angles, with a square in 
the centre of the village. It contains a court-house, two banks, five 
churches, an academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Morristown was at 
two different periods the head-quarters of the American army during the 
Revolution. Cars leave daily for JVew York- Stages leave 3 timet a 
week for Milfurd, and also for Easton, Pa., via Schooley^s Mauntairu 



STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 



83 




Schoolej/s JMountain is eighteen miles from 
Morristown. The Mineral Spring, wiiich ia on 
the western declivity of the eminence, in a deep 
defile, contains muriate of soda, muriate of lime, 
muriate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, car- 
bonate of magnesia, silex, and carbonated oxyde 
of iron. The pure air and the picturesque sce- 
^5 nery of this region render it a healthful and 
pleasant place of summer resort. 

South Amboy is situated on the right bank of the Raritan river, at its 
entrance into Raritan bay. The village has an academy and about twenty- 
five dwellings. Here commences the Camden and Amboy railroad. 
(See route 207.) Amboy, on the north side of the river, contains four 
churches, two academies, several manufacturing establishments, and about 
one thousand five hundred inhabitants. Steamboats ply daily to .N'ew York. 

Frkehold, built upon a plain a little elevated above the surrounding 
country, has a court-house, 5 churches, two academies, and about COO 
inhabitants. This village will ever be memorable in American history 
as the scene of one of the most sanguinary battles of the Revolution, 
fought June 28, 1778. Long Branch on the sea-shore, 18 miles east from 
Freehold, is a popular watering-place, much frequented. Steamboats ply 
daily to JVew York, and a line of stages run to Philadelphia. 

BoRDENTOWN is ou the left bank of the Delaware river, at the head of 
steamboat navigation. This village is situated on the brow of a hill, and 
affords a magnificent view of the river and surrounding country. It 
contains 4 churches, a female seminary, and about 1,800 inhabitants. 
Cars pass through daily for JVew York and Philadelphia. 

Burlington, pleasantly situated on the left bank of the Delaware, 19 
miles from Philadelphia, contains a city-hall, an arsenal, a lyceum, an 
hospital, a bank, 7 churches, a public library, two seminaries, anu 
3,200 inhabitants. Cars pass daily from JVew Yoi-k and from Philadelphia. 

Mount Holly is situated at the foot of an eminence of the same name 
on the Rancocus creek, 7 miles from Burlington. It contain a court-house, 
7 churches, a bank, a seminary, several extensive manufactories, and 2,000 
inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Burlington and for Bordcntown. 

Cape Island, near Cape May, 85 miles from ^*^ 

Philadelphia, is a favorite watering-place ~ 

There are here several hotels and boarding 
houses. In the summer months this island \^i 
thronged with visitors, for the purpose of en 
joying the luxury of sea-bathing. A steam, 
boat (in summer) plies daily to Philadelphia 

Camden, on the Delaware, opposite the city of Phil iddplua, is 
starting point of the cars for New York on the Camdeji and A.iibo/ rail- 
road, and is connected with Philadelphia by several ferries. It contains a 
bank, 5 churches, several extensive manufacturing establishment^, and 
about 4,000 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for J\rew York, (fare $^.) 
Stages leave daily for Cape Island via Woodbury, Salem, Bridgeton, i^-c. 

Woodbury, 9 miles from Philadelphia, is pleasantly situated on Wood- 
bury creek, and has a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, two public 
libraries, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

Salem, situated on a stream of the same name, is 34 miles from Phila- 
delphia. It has a court-house, 8 churches, a bank, two public libraries, a 
lyceum, an academy, and about 2,200 inhabitants 




81 



STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 




PENNSYLVANIA, lies between 39© 43' and 42o 

N. laL, and between 74= and 80° 40' W. Ion. It is 307 
miles long and 160 broad, containing 46,000 square 
miles. Tlie population in 1840, was 1,724,033. 

The Alleghany Mountains cross the state from SW. 
to NE., and there are many smaller ranges on each 
side of the principal ridge and parallel to it. The 
southeastern and northwestern parts of the state are 
either level or moderately hilly. The soil is generally 
good, and much of it is of a superior quality ; the best 
land in the southeast is on both sides of the Susque- 
hanna. Between the head waters of the Alleghany 
and Lake Erie, the soil is very fertile. The anthracite 
coal region is immense. The Mauch Chunk, Schuylkill, and Lyken's 
Valley coal-field extends from the Lehigh river, across the head waters of 
the Schuylkill, and is 65 miles in length, with an average breadth of 
about 5 miles. The Lackawanna coal-field extends from Carbondale, 
on the Lackawannack, to ten miles below Wilkesbarre, on the Sus- 
quehanna. The Shamokin field has been less explored. 

The Delaware river washes the entire eastern border of the state, and 
is navigable for ships to Philadelphia. The Lehigh, after a course of 75 
miles, enters it at Easton. The Schuylkill, 130 miles long, unites with it 
6 miles below Philadelphia. The Susquehanna is a large river, which 
rises in New York, flows south through this stnte, and enters the Chesa- 
peake bay, in Maryland. It is much obstructed by falls and rapids. The 
Juniata rises among the Alleghany Mountains, and after a course of 180 
miles, enters the Susquehanna 11 miles above Harrisburg. The Alle- 
ghany river, 400 miles long from the north, and the Monongahela, .300 
miles long, unite at Pittsburg, and form the Ohio. The Youghiogeny is 
a small river which flows into the Monongahela. 

The governor is chosen by the people for three years, but cannot 
hold the office more than 6 years in 9. He must be 30 years of age, and 
have resided in the state for seven years. The senate consists of 33 
members, elected by the people for three years, one third being chosen 
annually. A member must be 25 years of age, and have resided four 
years in the state, and the last year in the district in which he is chosen. 
The house of representatives consists of 100 members, elected annually 
by the people. A member must be 21 years of age, have resided in the 
state three years next preceding his election, nnd the last year in the dis- 
trict for which he is chosen. All judicial officers are appointed by the 
governor, with the advice and consent of the senate. The judges of the 
Supreme Court hold their offices for 15 years ; those of the Court of 
Common Pleas hold theirs for 10 years; and the associate judges of the 



STATE OF TENNSYLVANIA. Si) 

Court of Common Pleas hold theirs for five years. The secretary of state 
is appointed by the governor, and holds office during his pleasure. The 
treasurer is elected annually by the joint-ballot of both houses of the 
legislature. Every white male citizen of tlie age of 21 years, who has re- 
sided in the state for one year next preceding an election, and ten days in 
the district where he offers his vote, and has paid a state or county tax, 
enjoys the right of suffrage. The legislature meets annually at Harrisburg 
on the first Tuesday in January. 

The principal literary institutions are — the University of Pennsylvania, 
Ot Philadelphia; Girard College, do. ; Dickenson College. Carlisle; JefFer- 
Ron College, Cannonsburg ; Washington College, Washington ; Alleghany 
College, Meadville ; Pennsylvania College. Gettysburg ; Lafayette College, 
Easton ; Marshall College, Mercersburg. Besides these, there are the 
Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia ; 
Jefferson Medical College, do. ; Medical Department of Pennsylvania 
College, do. ; Theological Seminary of the liUtheran Church, Gettysburg ; 
German Reformed, York ; and "the Western Theological Seminary, at 
Pittsburg. There are about 300 academies and 5,000 common schools. 

This state was first settled by the Swedes and Finns. William Penn ob- 
tained a grant of it in 1681. The constitution of the United States wan 
adopted in convention, Dec. 13th, 1787, yeas 46, nays 23. 




Philadelphia, the metropolis of the 
'state, and the second city in Jaz Union 
In population and in manufactures, is in lat. 39" 57' 9" J\., and Ion. 75" 
10' 37" W., 137 miles from Washington, and 88 from New York. Popu- 
lation in 1840, 228,691. It is situated between the Delaware and Schuyl- 
kill rivers, 5 miles above their junction, and extends from one to the 
Other. The rivers bounding it lie about two miles apart, in the narrowest 
place. The city is 120 miles distant from the ocean by the course of the 
Delaware. Its principal harbor is on the east, or Delaware river side, 
■where ships come up, and its foreign commerce centres. Philadelphia 
has an extensive foreign, and a still greater domestic trade ; by means of 
railroads and canals, it possesses facilities for communication with a great 
extent of country, and shares with New York and Baltimore in the trade 
of the great West. There is an air of great neatness, and of almost 
peculiar cleanliness about this city ; but the extreme regularity of the 
streets is tiresome. It was laid out in 1682, by Thomas Holme, the 
first surveyor-general of the province. The ground select-d was claimed 
by three Swedes by the name of Swenson, who held a title for it, obtained 
ofthe Dutch governor of N. Y., in 1664. Thisclaim was purchased by Penn. 
The public buildings, which are generally constructed of white marble, 
are among the most elegant in the United States. The Custom-house, of 
white marble, built on the model of the Parthenon — the Pennsylvania 
Bank— the Mint of the United States — the Exchange, with Corinthian 
columns, and comprising a spacious hall and news room, the post office, 
&c.— the Girard Bank— Girard College— Masonic Hall, &c., are the public 



86 



STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 




buildings most remarkable for beauty ; but the most interesting:, from JM 
venerable appearance and hititorical associations, is the Old State-house, 

or Independence Hall. It 
fronts on Chesnut-street, hav- 
ing Independence s(iuare in 
its rear. It was finished in 
1735. The wings, extending 
from it to Fifth and Sixth 
streets, are modern. In 1774 
most of the wood-work of the 
old steeple was taken down, 
being much decayed, leav- 
ing only a small belfry to 
Co^er the town clock The bell tor the first steeple was imported 
from England in 1752, but was broken by accident when first put 
up. A new one was cast in Philadelphia, under the direction of Isaac 
Norris, then speaker of the Colonial Assembly, who caused to be in- 
scribed on it this passage from Leviticus xxv. 10, as if prophetic of its 
future use, " Proclaim Liberty throughout this land, unto all the in- 
habitants thereof.^'' Accordingly its joyous tones first proclaimed to 
anxious thousands the declaration of American independence. The 
chamber in which the Declaration was signed is on the first floor, at the 
eastern end of the old building, and presents the same appearance that it 
did at the time that instrument was signed. 

There are in the city 150 churches, many of them fine specimens of 
architecture. The benevolent and charitable institutions are very numer- 
ous. One of the oldest and most respectable is Pennsylvania Hospital, 
founded in 1751. Its buildings are on the space bounded by Eight, Ninth, 
Spruce, and Pine streets. Between the street and the building is a colossal 
statue, in bronze, of William Penn. The Hospital contains a fine an- 
atomical museum and a medical library. The Insane .Asylum, a branch 
of the hospital, is about two miles west of the Schuylkill. The United 
States Marine Hospital or JVaval Jlsylum is an elegant building on the 
east bank of the Schuylkill, below Cedar-street. It is intended for invalid 
seamen. The Almshouse is on the west side of the Schuylkill river. The 
Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb is at the corner of 
Broad and Pine streets. The Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction 
of the Blind is in Race-street, near Schuylkill Third-street. Besides 
these there may be mentioned, the Orphan's Asylum, the Asylum for 
Indigent Widows and Single Women, Wills' Hospital for the Lame and 
Blind, Preston Retreat, the Magdalene Asylum, Colored Orphan Asylum, 
St. John's Orphan Asylum, Christ's Church Hospital, Friends' Alms- 
house, Friends' Lunatic Asylum, two dispensaries, &c. 

Among the literary institutions, the University of Pennsylvania is one 
of the oldest and most considerable ; having been founded as a charity 
school in 1751, it was made a college in 1755, and a university in 1779. 
It has three departments, the Academical, Collegiate, and Medical. Here 
instruction is given in the usual branches taught in other colleges and uni- 
versities and the usual degrees are conferred. It has a president and 1*3 
professors, 1,053 alumni, 120 students, and 5,000 volumes in its libraries, 
and possesses the most extensive anatomical museum in the Union, a 
cabinet of natural history, and an excellent chemical and philosophicsl 
apparatus. Its buildings are in Ninth-street, between Chesnut and Market 
streets. The Medical Department of the University has 8 professors. 



STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 87 

446 students, and 4,443 graduates. The lectures commence on the first 
Monday in November. The Oirard Cullege for Orphans, endowed by 
the late Stephen Girard with $2,000,000, was commenced on the 4th July, 
1833, and the great central temple, and the two buildings on the left side, 
are completed. No pupils have yet been admitted. Jefferson Medical 
College was founded in 1825, and has 7 professors, 409 students, and 880 
graduates. The lectures commence on the first Monday in November. 
Its hall is in Tenth, between Walnut and Chesnut streets. The Medical 
Department of Pennsylvania College was founded in 1839, and has 6 
professors, and 60 students. Lectures commence on the first Monday in 
November. The buildings are in Filbert-street above Twelfth. 

The public schools of Philadelphia are numerous. At the head of 
tlicse stands the High School. There is also a model school, which has 
a principal and ten professors. 

Among the scientific and literary institutions is the American Philosophi- 
cal Society, founded in 1743, principally through the exertions of Doctor 
Franklin. Its hall is in south Fifth-street below Chesnut-street. It hag 
a library of 15,000 volumes of rare books, and a collection of minerals, 
fossils, and ancient relics. The Frankim Institute was incorporated in 
1824, for the promotion of Manufactures and the Arts. It holds an an- 
nual fair, and possesses an extensive library. The Academy of Natural 
Sciences has a spacious building in Broad-street, a library of 9,000 
volumes, and a cabinet of natural science. The Pennsylvania Academy 
of Fine Arts was founded in 1805. There is also the Artists' Fund So- 
ciety. Tlie Philadelphia Library, founded in 1731 by the influence of 
Doctor Franklin, has 50,000 volumes. To this has been added the Le- 
gonian Library of 11,000 volumes. The Mercantile Library, established in 
18-22, has a collection of 8,000 volumes. The Atheneum, incorporated in 
1815, contains the papers and periodicals of the day, and several thousand 
volumes. The Apprentices' Library, established in 1819, has 14,000 
volumes. — The United States Mint was founded in 1790, and commenced 
operations in 1793, in the building now occupied by the Apprentices' 
Library. Coining commenced in the present building in Chesnut-street in 
1830. This edifice is of white marble ; the south front is 123 feet long, with 
a portico 60 feet long, of six Ionic columns. 

There are in the city 14 banks, 20 insurance companies, and several 
theatres. The Philadelphia Museum, founded by Mr. Peale in 1784, is 
one of the best in the couiitry. There are several very extensive markets. 
"jhe United States Navy Yard, at the southern end of Swanson-street, 
lias an enclosed area of about 12 acres. The public squares of the city 
are numerous, elegant, and capacious. 

The Fairmont Water-works are situated on the left bank of the Schuyl- 
KiU, two miles from 
the centre of the city. 
The process by which 
the city is supplied 
with water is by means ; 
of a dam thrown across pi 
the Schuylkill; the* _ 

water-power thus crea- 1::; _:. ___jiffi.^^^^^^^i^fe^^^^^*'t~^- 
ted acts on six large wheels, which keep in operation six forcing-puniOB. 
to raise the water from the pool of the dam, 92 feet to the six reservoirs 
on the summit of the hill. These reservoirs, which are 100 feet above 
the tide-level, are capable of containing 22 millions of gallons. From tho 




88 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

reservoirs the water is distributed throughout the city by iron pipes, the 
aggregate length of which is about 110 miles. On the summit and slopes 
of the hill, neat gravel walks and staircases are arranged; and at tlie 
base of the precipice, in spaces not occupied by machinery, a garden lias 
been laid out, tastefully decorated with flowers, shrubbery, statues, and 
fountains. From the summit a magnificent prospect is enjoyed of the 
City, the Schuylkill, and the romantic scenery of its valley. The Laurel 
Hill Cemetery, on the banks of the Schuylkill, is 4 miles north of the city. 
Nature seems to have lavished every variety of beauty and grandeur on 
this secluded spot ; the grouuds are laid out with serpentine gravelled 
walks, and the whole is shaded by ancient forest and ornamental trees. 
At the entrance is a splendid colonnade, and just within the gate, in a 
email structure erected expressly for it, is an admirable group of statuary 
by Thoni, representing Sir Walter Scott conversing with Old Mortality. 
Cars leave 3 times daily for JVew York, {fare $'.i to 4 ;) and also for 
Harrisburg, {fare S4 ;) for Baltimore twice daily, {fare $3 ;) for Potts- 
ville daily, {fare $3.50 \) for Washington, $4.80; for Wheeling, $13 ; for 
Pittsburg, $12 ; for Pittsburg via Harrisburg, $11. Steamboats leave 
daily for Burlington and Bristol ; and clso for Wilmington, Del., J^Tew 
Castle ; and for Red Bank, Cape Island, S,t„, JV". J. Stages leave daily 
for Easton, Wilkesbarre, <^c. ; three times a week for Fort Deposit, 
Md., and also for Flemington, J\r. J. (See page 83.) 

Lancaster is situated near the right baukof Conestoga creek, 71 miles 
from Philadelphia. The city contains a court house, 12 churches, an 
academy, a female seminary, a Lancasterian school, 2 public libraries, 
a theatre, a Mechanics' Institute, a reading-room, and 8,500 inhabitants. 
Franklin College, once located here, has been discontinued, being at present 
a mere grammar-school. The style of many of the houses is antiquated, 
retaining the character of the olden time. The city is well supplied with 
pure water. Cars pass daily for Philadelphia and for Harrisburg. 

Harrisburo, the capital of the state, is on the left bank of the Susque- 
hanna, 106 miles from Philadelphia. Its situation is commanding, and 
^ " ^ ""^^'^ '^'"^'^ ^^^5^5^ from it is obtained a view of 

2=^ the river and the picturesque 
^ barrier of the Kittatinny 
^Z Mountains, broken through 
by the river at the north. 
The State House occupies 
Lan elevated situation ; the 
sinain building is 1 80 feet front 
'by 80 feet deep, and con 
-tains tlie hall of representa 
tives, the senate chamber, "-tate library ot over 4,000 volumes, &c. Thf 
other public edifices are — the court-house, the prison, the arsenal, a 
market, a Masonic-hall, an academy, two banks, and 10 churches. There 
are two elegant bridges thrown across the river, and the Mount Airy 
Water-works supply the city with water. Population in 1840, 6,002 • 
1845, 8,0UO. Cars leave 3 limes daily for Philadelphia, (fare $4,) aiid 
daily for Chambersburg. Stages leave daily for Pittsburg, {fare $7 ;) 
for JSTorthumberland, and also for Baltimore, via York. 

Carlisle, situated in the Cumberland valley, 18 miles from Harrisburg, 
is an ancient and flourishing place. It contains a court-house, a town- 
hall, the buildings of Dickinson College. 11 churches, a bank, and 4,500 
inhabitants. Dickinson College, under the direction of the Methodists, 




STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



89 



was founded in 3783. It has a president and 7 professors, 561 alumni, J78 
students, and 12,000 volumes in its libraries, and a very complete cliemi- 
cal and pliilosophical apparatus and mineralogicai cabinet. Tlie com- 
mencement is on tlie second Thursday in July. The IFnited States Bar- 
racks, half a mile from tlie village, were built in 1777, chiefly by the 
labor of the Hessians captured at Trenton. A school of cavalry practice 
has recently been established there. The barracks will garrison 2,000 
men. Cars pass through daily for Harrisburg, and for Chambersburg. 
Stages leave dniljj in summer for Carlisle Springs. 

Carlisle Sulphur Spritigs are situated four miles north of the village, 
in a secluded valley, surrounded with the beautiful scenery of the Blue 
Mountains. The grounds are tastefully laid out, and there are ample 
accommodations for visitors. 

Chambersburg is at the confluence of Falling Spring and Ooneco- 
cheague creeks, and contains a court-house, a bank, a Masonic-hall, 8 
churches, an academy, and 3,300 inhabitants. In the village and its 
vicinity are several extensive mills and manufactories. Cars leave dailv 
for Harrisburg. Stages leave daily for Pittsburg, and 3 times a week for 
Baltimore. 

Bedford, on the Pittsburg turnpike, is 206 miles from Philadelphia. It 
is on a branch of Juniata river, and contains 
five churches, an academy, a seminary, an 
elegant court-house, and 1,100 inhabitants. — 
The Bedford Springs are situated about li 
miles south of the village, in a narrow, pic 
turesque valley. There are 6 springs, viz : 
Anderson's, Fletcher's, Limestone, S weet, Sul 
phur, and the Chalybeate springs. These ' 
waters possess laxative and sudorific powers, 
and have been found efficacious in removmg 
chronic obstructions, dyspepsia, diseases of the liver, cutaneous eruptions, 
&c. Houses for cold, shower, and warm baths, have been erected. — 
There is an artificial lake on which boats sail ; and the other attractions of 
this beautiful and romantic spot and vicinity, cannot fail to gratify the 
most fastidious. Stages leave dnibi for Philn.dplvhia. (See route 225.) 





Pittsburg, 317 miles from Philadelphia, is situated at the confluence of 
the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers, which by their union form the Ohio 
river. It is mostly built on a plain, with streets running parallel to 
the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers. There are several fine bridges 
across the Alleghany, and one across the Monongahela. The hills with 
which Pittsburg is surrounded are filled with bituminous coal, which 
affords great aid to its manufactories. The city contains a new and 
beautiful court-house, the buildings of the Western University, 4 banks, 
a museum, a theatre, several hterary societies with libraries, 35 churchea. 



90 



STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



many extensive hotels, and, with its suburbs, 40,000 inhabitants. Tiie city 
is supplied with water from the Alleghany river. The water is raided by 
steam power to a reservoir of a capacity to contain a million of gallons. 
The reservoir is 116 feet above the river, from which the water is dis- 
tributed over the city in iron pipes, having an aggregate length of 10 
miles. The Western University of Pennsylvania, founded in 1819, has a 
president and 4 professors, and 64 students. The Western Theological 
Seminary, founded in 18"i8, and located at Alleghany, on the north bank 
of the Alleghany river, has 3 professors, 54 students, and 6,000 volumes in 
its libraries. The Theological Seminary of the Associate Reformed 
Church, founded in 1826, has about 30 students, and possesses a valuable 
library. The Alleghany Theological Institute, founded in 1840, lias a 
valuable library. The United States Arsenal is 2i miles ea<t, on the banks 
of the Alleghany. IVJost of the extensive manufactories are not in the 
city proper, but scattered around within a circle of 5 miles radius: — the 
population within this range is over 50,000. Steamboats leave daily firr 
JVew Orleans and the intermediate places. Fare to fVheeling, $1.50; 
Marietta, $2.50 ; Guyandotte, $3 ; Maysville, Ky., $3.50 ; Cincinnati, 
$5; Louisville, Ky., $6; SmitJUand, $8; Cairo, mouth of Ohio river, 
«9; !St. Louis, Mo., $10; Memphis, Tenn., $15: Vicksbnrg, Miss.. 
$25 ; jYezo Orleans, $26. Steamboats , in connection with stages, leave for 
Cumberland ; thence by railroad to Baltimore, &,-c. Canal boats leave fur 
Harrisburg daily. Stages leave daily for Erie ; for Cleveland, Ohio ; 
for Steubenville, Ohio ; for Wheeling; and for Harrisburg, 

CxNNONSBURG, 18 miles south\vest from Pittsburg, has 4 churches, and 

about 900 inhabitants. Jef- 
erson College, founded in 
lf?02, and located here, has 
a president and 6 professors, 
G93 alumni, 164 students, and 
4,500 volumes in its libraries. 
The commencement is on the 
last Thursday in September. 
p It has a medical department 
in Philadelphia. There la 
also at this piace a Theological Seminary under the direction of the As- 
sociate Church. Stages arrive and depart daily for Pittsburg. 

Washington, 25 miles southwest from Pittsburg, on the National 
road, is pleasantly situated on high ground, and contains 9 churches, i 
court-house, an academy, a seminary, and 2,200 inhabitants. It is the 
seat of Washington College, founded in 1806, which h;is a president, 5 
professors, 224 alumni, 190 students, 3,300 volumes in its libraries, a cabinet of 
minerals, &c. The commencement is on the last Wednesday in Septem- 
ber. Stages leave daily for Pittsburg, for Wheeling, and for Baltimore. 
Beaver, on the right bank of the Ohio river, 35 miles below Pittsburg, 
at the entrance of Beaver river, contains a court-house, 3 churches, an 
academy, and about 600 inhabitants. Steamboats pass daily from 
Pittsburg to Cincinnati, S-c. Stages leave daily for Cleveland. 

Meadville is prettily situated on French creek, and has a court-house, 
7 churches, an academy, a state arsenal, and about 1,500 inhabitants. It 
is the seat of Alleghany College, founded in 1815, and has a president, 4 
professors. 160 students, and 8,000 volumes in its libraries. Stages leave 
daily for Pittsburg and for Erie. 
Erie is beautifully situated upon a bluff, affording a prospopt *)4 




STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 91 

Presque-Isle bay and the lake beyond. It has one of the best harbors on 
Lake Erie, and contains a court-house, a bank, 7 churches, an academy, 
a seminary, and about 3,500 inhabitants. Perry's fleet was built here, the 
vessels being finisiied in 70 days from the time the timber was felled ; and 
here he returned with his prizes after the battle. The remains of his flag- 
ehip, the Lawrence, lie in the harbor, from which visiters are constantly 
cutting pieces as relics. On the high banks a little to the right of the 
village are the ruins of the old French fort, Presque-Isle. Steamboats 
leave for Buffalo, for Cleveland, Detroit, ^c. Stages leave daily for 
Buffalo, J\r. Y. ; fur Cleveland, Ohio ; and for Pittsburg. 

York, 11 miles west of the Susquehanna, on Codorus creek, contains a 
court-house, a bank, an academy, 10 churches, several manufactories, 
and 5,000 inliabitants : it has also a lyceum, possessing a cabinet of min- 
erals, &c., and which sustains a course of lectures. Congress retired to this 
place from Philadelphia, at the time of the battle of Brandywine, Sep., 
1777 ; and held tiieir session for nine months in the old court-house. Cars 
leave daily for Philadelphia ; and also for Baltimore. Stages leave daily 
for Harrisburg, and 3 times a week for Chambersburg. See route. 

York Sulphur Springs are situated twenty- 
one miles south from Harrisburg, among sce- 
nery exceedingly picturesque and varied. Then 
medical properties of the waters have beenj 
highly extolled, particularly for their efficacj i 
in cases of debilitated constitutions. 

Gettysburg is situated on elevated grounds, 
35 miles from Harrisburg. Tiie Theological" 

Seminary of the Lutheran Church, established ^^^^^^^^^^^.F^'^* 
here in 1826, has 3 professors, 26 students, ^"' ^^ "^ '?. ^ 
and 8,000 volumes in its libraries. This is als-o the seat of Pennsylvania 
College, founded in 18,32, which has a president, 7 professors, 189 students, 
and 3,000 volumes in its libraries. The village contains a court-house, a 
bank, an academy, 6 churches, and 1 ,700 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times 
a week for York; for Chambersburg ; and for Hagerstuwn, Md. 

Huntingdon is situated on the left bank of the Juniata river, and is 
built upon an elevated bank, sloping gently down to the river. It contains 
a court-house, 6 churches, an academy, and 1,200 inhabitants. The 
Juniata is here crossed by a substantial bridge. A short distance from 
the village, in Stone Valley, are the " Warm Springs," which are much 
resorted to. The waters are light on the stomach, diuretic, and are said to 
contain magnesia. Stages pass daily from Harrisburg and from Pittsburg. 

HoLriiDAYSBURG is situated on the Juniata river, 143 miles by the 
course of the canal from Harrisburg, near the eastern base of the Alle- 
ghany Mountains. It contains a court-house, 6 churches, a classical 
school, several extensive manufactories, and about 3,000 inhabitants. 
Here is the termination of the Juniata division of the Pennsylvania canal, 
and the commencement of the Portage railroad through the mountain 
pass, overcoming in ascent and descent, by means of ten inclined planes, 
an aggregate of 2,572 feet. There is on the line a tunnel 870 feet long 
and 20 feet high, through the mountain ; and also several viaducts. 
All the viaducts and culverts have been built in the most substantial man- 
ner. Stages leave daily for Harrisburg, and for Pittsburg, and for 
Williamsport 3 times a week. Canal boats leave for Harrisburg daily. 

Johnstown is situated on a broad flat, completely encircled by moun 
tains, at the confluence of Stony creek with the Little Connemaugh, and 




92 STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

at the commencement of the Western division of the Pennsylvania canal. It 
contains 4 churches and about 1,500 inhabitants. Canal boats leave for 
Pittsburg daily, 

SuNBURY is situated on the left bank of the Susquehanna, 58 miles from 
Harrisburg. Near the town, above and below, are ranges of high hills 
affording a magnificent prospect of the valley. The village has a court- 
house, 5 churches, and 1,200 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Harris- 
burg, for Wilkesharre, and fur Williamsport. 

Northumberland is a mile above Sunbury, on the Susquehanna, and 
at the junction of the north and west brandies. There are tliree beautiful 
bridges crossing the rivers here. The village contains a town-house, a 
bank, 5 churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

Williamsport is situated on an elevated plain on the left bank of the 
west branch of the Susquehanna, 99 miles from Harrisburg. It has a 
court-house, 5 churches, an academy, and 1,500 inhabitants. Cars leave 
daily for Ralston, thence in stages to Blossburg, and from thence in cars to 
Coi-ning, JST. Y. ; and by railroad and stages to Elmira, JV. Y. Stages 
leave three times a week for Hollidaysburg. 

NoRRiSTOWN is situated on the left bank of Schuylkill river, 10 miles 
from Philadelphia. The dam across the river creates an immense water- 
power. The village contains a court-house, 6 churches, a bank, an 
academy, a seminary, a public library, and 3,000 inhabitants. Manu- 
fticturing is extensively carried on here. Six miles above Norristown, on 
the west side of the river, at the mouth of Valley creek, is a deep rugged 
hollow. An ancient forge established here, gave to the place the name of 
Valley Forge. Upon the mountain flanks of tliis valley, which over- 
look all the adjacent country, Washington established the winrer-quarters 
of the army in 1777 and '8. Tliis was the most gloomy period of the 
Revolution. The army reached the valley about the 18th of December. 
They might have been tracked by the blood of their feet in marching to 
this place barefooted, over the hard frozen ground. The encampment 
was surrounded on the land side by intrenchinents, and several small re- 
doubts were built at different points. Sonie of the intrenchments may 
still be seen. Cars leave JVorristown daily for Philadelphia, and for 
Puttsville. 

Reading lies on the left bank of Schuylkill river, 5f) miles from Phila- 
delphia. The streets are regular and spacious. It has an elegant court- 
house, 3 banks, an academy, 3 public libraries, (one in German,) a female 
seminary, 12 churches, and about 8,000 inhabitants. The town is abun- 
dantly supplied with spring water conducted through pipes. The scenery 
in the vicinity is wild and picturesque, and the location remarkably 
healthy. Cars leave daily for Philadelphia, and for Pottsville. Stages 
leave daily for Marrisbarg, and for Easton 3 times a we^k. 

Pottsville, the great mart of the coal trade, is situated just above the 
gorge by which the Schuylkill river passes the mountains, 92 miles from 
Philadelphia. It is famous for its rapid growth. In 1824, it contained but 
five dwellings. It now contains a town-hall, 6 churches, a bank, an 
academy, several extensive manufactories, and 4,335 inhabitants. Cars 
leave daily for Philadelphia ; stages daily for Sunbury, Danville, and 
Catawissa, and 3 times a week for Mauch Chunk. 

Mauch Chunk is situated on the right bank of Lehigh river, in a deep 
romantic ravine, 122 miles from Philadelphia. The mountains rise ab- 
ruptly from the village to the height of 800 to 1,000 feet. The village has 
5 churches, several manufactories, and about 1.800 inhabitants. The ex- 




j STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 93 

tensive coal mines here, and the operations of working them are ex- 
ceedingly curious and interesting. Stages leave 3 times a week for Easton : 
for Philadelphia, for Potts ville, and for Berwick. 

WiLKKSBAKRK is On tlie left bank of the Susquehanna river, 110 miles 
from Philadelphia. It contains a court-house, 3 churches, a bank, a 
female seminary, a classical school, and 1,800 inhabitants. The valley of 
Wyoming is rich in historical incident, and its landscapes combine beauty, 
variety, and grandeur. The site of Fort Wyoming is covered by the 
court-house. Fort Duryee was half a mile below the borough, near the 
Shawnee flats. There was another fort on the eastern bank, nearly op- 
posite the hotel, a little below tlie bridge, the redoubts of which are still 
visible on the hill to the north of the village. Stages leave daily for 
Northumberland ; for Binghamton, JV. Y. ; 3 times a week for IIo7ies- 
dale ; for Easton ; and for Mauch Chunk. 

Easton is situated at the confluence of the DpKwarp_ind Lehigh 
rivers, 50 miles 
from Pliiladel- 
phia. It is reg- 
ularly laid out, 
the streets cross- 
ing each other 
at right angles. 
There are here 2 
fine bridges, one 

crossing the Del- 

aware, and the other the Lehigh river La Fayette College is located 
here, with which manual labor is connected. It has a president, 8 pro- 
fessors and tutors, 130 students, and 5,000 volumes in its libraries. The 
commencement is on the 2d Wednesday in September. The village has 2 
banks, a court-house, 5 churches, an academy, a classical school, a public 
library with 3,000 volumes, and 5,000 inhabitants. 

The three prominent gorges in the Kittatinny Mountains, the Lehigh 
and Delaware Water-gaps, and the Wind-gap, arrest the attention of the 
traveller. They are all within a distance of 25 miles from Easton, and 
are celebrated for their picturesque appearance, and the beauty of the 
Burrounding landscape. Stag-es leave daily for JVezr York ; for Threnton, 
A*. J. ; for Philadelphia, and for Reading ; three times a week for Bing- 
hamton, via Honesdale ; for Mauch Chunk, and for Wilkcsbarre. 

HoNESDALE, situated at the junction of the Lackawaxen and Dyberry 
creeks, is 147 miles from Philadelphia. It has been built up within a 
few years, and contains a court-house, five churches, two academies, and 
1,100 inhabitants. The Delaware and Hudson canal terminates here, and 
a railroad l(ii miles long connects it with the coal mines. Stages leave 
daily for J^Tcw York ; for Owego ; three times a week for Easton ; and for 
Wilkesharre. 

Carbondalk, situated on Lacknwana creek, owes its existence to the 
Lackawana coal mine, from which are quarried 800 to 900 tons daily. 
The village contains 6 churches and about 1,000 inhabitants. Stages 
leave 3 times a week for Wilkesharre and for Honesdnle. 

PiRiSTOL, situated on the right bank of Delaware river, 20 miles above 
Philadelphia, contains 3 churches, a hank, and about 1,500 inhabitants. 
A short distance below, on the banks of the ri^er, is the Bristol Military 
Institute. Steamboats ply daily to Philadelphia, and cars leave for J^ew 
York, via. Trenton. 



94 



STATE OF DELAWARE. 



Westchester. 33 miles from Philadelphia, is surrounded by a beauti- 
ful undulating country, and the place and vicinity is remarkable for its 
salubrity. It is connected with the Columbia railroad, by a branch nine 
miles long ; and the village contains a court-house, a bank, 6 churches, 
an academy, 4 seminaries, a public library, an atheneum, a cabinet of 
natural science, and 2,500 inhabitants. Cars leave twice daily for 
Pkilndelphia. 

Chester, 14 miles from Philadelphia, on the right bank of the Dela 
ware river, is the most ancient town in the state. It has a court house, 3 
churches, a bank, and 1,000 inhabitants. Cars pass through it twice 
daily from Philaddphia and from Baltimore. 





/ r DELAWARE lies between 38° 29' and 39a 47 jy^ 
' \^ lat., and between 74=' 56' and 75° 40' W. Ion. It is 
92 miles long, and 23 broad, containing 2, 120 square 
?- miles. Population in 1840, 78,085. 
l' The lower part of the state ia very level. The 
northern part is moderately hilly and rough. An ele- 
\aled table-land, towards its western border, passes 
?^T^-~l tiirough the state, dividing the waters which fall into 
the Ciie>upi,akL' trom those which fall into Delaware bay ; it contains a 
chain of swamps, from which the principal streams take their rise. In the 
vicinity of Delaware river the soil is productive, but becomes less so 
towards the swamps in the west. Its southern part affords some fine 
grazing-land. The rivers are small. Brandywine creek, 40 miles long, 
uniting with Christiana creek, forms the harbor of Wilmington. Duck 
creek, Mispillion creek, and Indian river flow into the Delaware. 

The present constitution was adopted in 1831. The governor is chosen 
for four years, and is ever after ineligible. The senate consists of three 
members from each county, chosen for four years. The representatives 
are seven from each county, chosen once in two years. The legislature 
meets once in two years, on the first Tuesday of Janunry. Every male 
citizen over twenty-two years of age, who has resided one year in the 
state, and the last month in the county in which he votes and paid a tax. 
has the right of suffrage ; and if he be between 21 and 22 years, and 
otherwise qualified, he may vote without payment of a tax. The judicial 
power is exercised by 4 common-law judges and a chancellor. There 
must be one associate judge in each county. 

There is but one college in the state, viz.. Delaware College, at Newark 
and there are twenty academies, and 152 common schools. 

Delaware was first settled by Swedes and Fins, in 1630. In con. 
veotion it adopted the constitution of the United States, Dec. 3d, 1787, by 
a unanimous vote. 



STATE OF DELAWARE. 95 

DoVKR, the capital of the state, is situated on the south side of Jones 
creels, 10 miles from its entrance into Delaware bay. Its streets cross at 
right angles, and at the centre of the town is a spacious public square, on 
which the State-house is erected, and around which other public buildings 
are ranged. It contains 3 churches, a bank, an academy, and about 700 
inhabitants. Here is a splendid monument, erected by the state, to the 
memory of Col. John Haslett, who fell at the battle of Princeton. Stages 
leave daily for Wilmington, and 3 times a week for Snow Hill, Md. 

Wilmington is situated between Brandywine river and Christiana 
creek, one mile from their confluence, and 27 miles southwest from Phila- 
delphia. It is the largest place in the state, and its streets are broad and 
regularly laid out. It contains a city-hall, two market-houses, 3 banks, 
an almshouse, an arsenal, a Friends' boarding school for young ladies, a 
public library, 16 churches, 9 academies, and 10,000 inhabitants. In the 
city and vicinity are many extensive manufactories and flouring-mills. 
The Brandywine Springs, about 5 miles from Wilmington, are much 
resorted to in the summer season for health and pleasure. Cars leave 
twice daily for Philaddvhia, ( fare 50 cts.,) and for Baltimore. Steam- 
boats ply daily to Philadelphia. Stages leave daily for Milford, via 
Jfewcastle and Dover. 

Newark, on Christiana creek,12 miles fromWilmington and 1 mile from the 
depot, contains the buildings 
of Delaware College, three 
churches, an academy, and 
800 inhabitants. Delaware 
College was founded in 1833, 
andendowed by the state with 
a fund of $100,000. It has 
a president, 4 professors, a 
tutor, and 50 students. The 
commencement is on the 4th 
Wednesday in September. 

Newcastle, 5 miles south from Wilmington, on the right bank of 
Delaware river, was once the capital of the .'itate. It was the site of the 
Dutch fort, Casimir, and the village of Niew Amstel. It contains a court- 
house, a town-house, an arsenal, 5 churches, an academy, a public 
library of 4,000 volumes, and 1,200 inhabitants. Steamboats leave daily 
for Philadelphia, and cars, in connection with steamboats, for Baltimore. 

Smyrna, 35 miles from Wilmington, is on Duck creek, and contains 
a church, and about 600 inhabitants. 

Delaware City is situated on the west side of Delaware bay, at the 
entrance of the Chesapeake and Delaware canal. It contains about 5C 
dwellings. In front of it, on Peapatch Island, is Fort Delaware. 

Milford, situated on Mispillion creek, 68 miles from Wilmington, con 
tains 3 churches, 2 academies, and about 600 inhabitants. 

Gkorqetown, 88 miles from, Wilmington, situatfed near the head water* 
of Indian river, has a court-house, an academy, a bank, and about 301 
inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Wilmington. 




96 



STATE OF MARYLAND 





MARYLAND lies between 38° and 39^ 44' N. lat., 
and between 75" 10' and 79" 20' W. Ion. It is 196 
miles Jon?, and 120 broad, containing 13,959 square 
tniles. Population in 1840, 469,232. Eastern Mary- 
land, or that part of the state east of the Chesapeake 
bay, is mostly level. The country on the west shore to 
the head of tides, is similar to the eastern shore ; the 
' -oil of this portion is generally fertile, producing wheat, 
-=" Indian corn, tobacco, &c. Above the flow of the 
tides, the surface rises into hills, and the western part attains an elevated 
region, being crossed by tlie Alleghany Mountains. The western part 
contains much fine land, adapted both to grain and grazing. Extensive 
beds of coal and of iron ore exist. 

The Potomac river, which divides this state from Virginia, is 550 miles 
long, and navigable about 300 miles to Washington city. It is 7^ miles 
wide at its mouth. The great falls are 59 miles above Washington ; the 
perpendicular descent is 76 feet, and the rapids extend for several miles up- 
the river, and form a very picturesque view. The Susquehanna is a 
large river, which enters into the head of the Chesapeake bay in thi» 
state. It is li miles wide at its mouth, but is navigable only five miles^ 
being, above that, much obstructed by falls and rapids. The Patapsca 
is a small river, navigable, however, 14 miles to Baltimore for ships. Thff 
Patuxent is 110 miles long, and is navigable for 50 miles for vessels of 25G' 
tons. The other rivers are Elk, Sassafras, Chester, Choptank, Nanticoke, 
and Pocomoke. The Chesapeake bay ii5 270 miles long, and fromi 
seven to twenty wide; and, by its numerous inlets, furnishes many fine 
harbors; and in season, abounds with the choicest water-fowl, fish, &c. 

The constitution of the state was formed iti 1776, but has been frequently 
amended since that time. The state is divided into 3 districts, viz : the 
eastern, the southern, and the northwestern. The governor is elected for 
three years, by the people from the districts alternately : so that each dis- 
trict is represented in the gubernatorial chair, for one term, in each period 
of nine years. The candidate for governor must have resided in the district 
which he represents, for three years next preceding the election. The* 
senate consists of 21 members, elected for six years, one-third of the num- 
ber being elected every two years ; and the senators must have resided iw 
the county for which they are chosen, for one year next preceding the elec- 
tion. The House of Delegates consists of 79 members, elected by the peo- 
ple ; and must have resided in the county for which they are chosen, for 
one year next preceding their election. The judges are appointed by the 
governor, with the advice and consent of the senate, and hold their offices 
during good behavior. Every white male citizen, 21 years of age, who baa 
resided in the state one year next preceding an election, and for six months 
in the county where he offers his vote, enjoys the right of suffrage. 



STATE OF MARYLAND. 97 

The colleges, &c., in this state are as follows, viz. : St. John's College, at 
Annapolis, founded in 1784 ; St. Mary's College, at Baltimore ; Mount St. 
Mary's College, near Emmettsburg ; Medical School University, at Balti 
more, and Washington Medical College, do. Besides these, there are 130 
academies and about 575 primary and common schools. 

Tlie original charter of Maryland was granted to Lord Baltimore, in 
]f)32. It was first settled by Catholics in 1634, at St. Mary's. In 
convention, April 28th, 1788, it adopted the constitution of the United 
Slates — yeas 63, nays 12. 




Baltimore ihe third city ui ex 
tent, population, and commerce, in the 
United States, is situated on the north 
side of Patapsco river, 14 miles from its entrance into Chesapeake bay. 
and 200 miles from the ocean by ship channel, in 39'^ 17' 23" N. lat., and 
76° 37' 30" W. Ion. It is 40 miles from Washington, 97 from Philadel- 
phia, 185 from New York, 590 from Pittsburg. Population in 1840, 
102,313, The harbor, which is a very fine one, consists of three parts. 
The entrance to it, between FortMcHenry and the Lazaretto, is about 600 
yards wide, and has tv:enty-two feet depth of water. Above Fell's 
Point is the second harbor, with 15 feet water ; the third or inner harbor, 
has a depth of ten to twelve feet, and penetrates to near the centre of the 
city. It is the most extensive market for tobacco in the United States, and the 
greatest flour market in the world. Within 20 miles of the city, there are 70 
or more flouring-mills. The city affords many commanding sites for build- 
ings. The part compactly built extends about 2 miles in length from E. to 
W., and a mile and a half from north to south. The streets generally cross 
each other at right angles. The north end of the town is the fashionable 
quarter, in the vicinity of Washington Monument ; and the principal 
promenade is Baltimore-street, which is two miles in length, extending 
through the centre of the city. The public buildings are, the City-hall, 
on Hollidays-street, occupied by the city council and public officers; the 
Court-house, corner of Washington and Monument streets ; the State 
Penitentiary, 7 markets, 11 banks, a savings institution, eight insurance 
companies, two theatres, a circus, a museum, several extensive hotels, 
&c., &c. There are upwards of 100 ch^ircnes, many of which are 
elegant structures. 

The University of Maryland was incorporated in 1812. It has a faculty 
of Arts and Science, of Physic, of Theology, and of Law. The first has 
7 professors — that of physic has 7, of theoiogy 3, and that of law 4. It 
is well supplied with materials for anatomical studies, and has a good 
chemical laboratory. Lectures commence on the last Monday in October. 
Washington Medical University, which has 7 professors, has an annual 
session of four months, beginning on the last Monday in October. Balti 
more College, which constitutes the collegiate department of the Uni- 
versity of Maryland, is under the general supervision of the regents of the 
University, and the particular direction and management of a president, 
assisted by different professors and teachers. St. Mary's College and 

5 



'98 STATE OF MARYLAND. 

Seminary has ]4 professors or other instructors. The Maryland College 
of Pharmacy, incorporated January, 1841, lias a president, two vice- 
presidents, a secretary, a treasurer, and a board of three examiners. The 
Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, has a presidpnt and 5 professors. 
The Mercantile Library Association, founded in 1839, has a library of 
5,000 volumes. The Maryland Historical Society is located in Baltimore. 
Maryland Hospital, on Hampsted hill, in the eastern extremity of the city, 
is under the management of a board of visitors appointed by the state. 
Mount Hope Hospital, in the northern part of the city, is under the 
management of the Sisters of Charity ; it will contain 100 patients. The 
Baltimore Infirmary, connected with the medical department of the Uni- 
versity of Maryland, is under the direction of the faculty of physic. 

fVas/iington Monument stands on' elevated ground, 150 feet above 
tide-water, at the intersection of Charles and Monu- 
ment streets, and is the most imposing structure in the 
city. It is a Doric column, rising from a base 50 feet 
square and 20 feet high. The slinft is 160 feet high and 
twenty feet in diameter. A winding stairway leads to 
the top, where is a statue of Washington, by Causici, 
thirteen feet high. The whole is constructed of white 
marble. From its top is a fine view of the city and its 
"i environs. The Battle Monument, at the corner of 
Fayette and Calvert streets, was erected in 1815, in 
e; memory of those who fell, defending the city when at- 
^^^ tacked by the British in 1.814. It is constructed of vvhite 
marble, is 52 feet high, and surmounted by a figure 
emblematic of the city of Baltimore. The city is sup- 
plied with water for the extinguishment of tires, from 
Jonis Fails ; the water being raised by steam-power into two reservoirs hold- 
ing about seven millions of gallons, and distributed in iron pipes. The 
public springs or fountains, of which there are four, are tastefully orna- 
mented, and furnish a copious supply of pure water. Green JMount 
Cemetery is situated near the north bounds of the city. It has mostly a 
high undulating surface, anu is handsomely laid out, and adorned with 
slirubbery, sculptured tombs, &c. Baltimore was laid out as a town in 
1729. In 1765 it contained only 50 houses. It was chartered in 1797. 
Cars leave twice daily for Philadelphia, {fare $3 ;) for Washivgton 3 
times daily, {fare 1.80 ;) for Cumberland daily, {fare S7 ;) for Columbia, 
Pa., {fare $2.63 ;) and for Annapolis daily. Stages leave daily in sum- 
mer for York Sulphtir Springs, 3 times a week for Getty f!burg. Pa., 
Emmettsburg, ^-c. Fare to JSTew York. §6; to Richmond, Va., $7.00; 
to fVihnington, J\r. C, $16.80; to Charleston, $30; to Mobile, $50.50; 
to JVew Orleans, $61.50,— to Wheeling, $10; to Pittsburg, $11. Steam- 
boats leave daily for JVorfolk, Va., via Old Point Comfort, Annapolis, 
Src. ; and also for Philadelphia via French Town, JVew Castle, t?-c. 

Annapolis, the capital of the state, is situated on the Chesapeake bay, 
at the entrance of Severn river. The streets radiate from three centres, 
\vhich are the sites of the three principal buildings, viz. : the State House, 
St. John's College, and St. Anne's Church ; besides these, there are a 
government-house, a Methodist and a Roman Catholic Chapel, a semi- 
nary, and a bank. The city contains 2,800 inhabitants. The State House 
is remarkable as the building in which the American Congress, during the 
Revolutionary war, held some of its sessions. The Senate Chamber 
which witnessed the last scene of the great drama of the Revolution, 




STATE OF MARYLAND. 



99 




Washington's resignation of his commission to the Congress, has been 

preserved unaltered. St. John's College was founded in 1784, as the 

Western-shore branch of tiie 

University of Maryland, now 

extinct. In 1823 and 1832, ^^ 

the Assembly restored a large ^ _ 5i';ilWH'r^,"^4?^» 

portion of the funds which fc^j^:\Sj^,"T|l - M^lw'ilfi^'CW?!^^ 

had been withheld since s|!r|yi;| jjj Jitif 

1806. It now has a presi-pR^f. •ih;iji![i,Ui'4 

dent, five professors, 1,240^-' - - -= 

alumni, 75 students, and '^^^^^^g^^JSS^esi.'^^^i^^^^riS^^^^^il^^is^'-'^'^^^^ 
4,000 volumes in its libraries. '^'^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Hi^'^'rP^ 
The commencement is on the 22d of February. The United States Naval 
Academy, at Fort Severn, has 7 professors, and 70 midshipmen as students. 
Ca7-s leave daily for Washington and fur Baltimore. 

Havre de Grace is on the west side of Susquehanna river, at its en- 
trance into Chesnpeake bay, 60 miles from Philadelphia. The Susque- 
hanna canal terminates here, connecting the Chesapeake with the Pennsyl- 
vania canals. A steam-ferry crosses the river. The town has a church 
and 1 ,500 inhabitants. In 1813, the British under Admiral Cockburn burned 
the place. Cars leave twice daily for Philadelphia and for Baltimore. 

Elkton is situated at the junction of the two main branches of Elk 
river, at the head of tide-water, 45 miles from Philadelphia. The village 
is half a mile south of the railroad depot. It contains a court-house, a 
bank, a Methodist church, and about 150 dwellings. Cars leave twice 
aaily for Philadelphia, and for Baltimore. Stages leave 3 times a week 
for Cambridge via Chestertown, Easton, ^-c. 

Chestertovvn, situated on Chester river, 30 miles from Chesapeake 
bay, contains two churches, a branch of the University of Maryland, an 
academy, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

Easton, on Tread Haven bay, 13 miles from its entrance into Chesa- 
peake bay and from Elkton, has a court-house, 3 churciies, an academy, 
and 1,000 inliabitants. 

Ca.m;bridge, situated on Choptank river, twelve miles from its entrance 
into the Chesapeake bay, has a court-house, two churches, an academy, 
and 800 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week for Elkton, and 
twice for Snow Hill. 

Snow Hill, situtited on the east side of Pocomoke river, contains a 
court-house, an academy, 5 churches, and about 800 inhabitants. Stages 
leave three times a week for Wilmivgton, Del., and for JJcomac and East- 
villc, Va. — Barren Creek Mineral Spring is 23 miles from Cambridge. 
The waters contain oxide of iron, soda, and magnesia combined with 
muriatic acid ; they are tonic and diuretic, and have been found serviceable 
in bilious complaints. 

Westminister is situated on the head waters of the Patapsco river, 
and contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. 

Emmettsburg, situated on the Monacacy river, in a pretty rural country, 
has four cliurches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants. Two miles distant 
is Mount St. Mary's College, under the direction of the Roman Catholics, 
founded in 1830; it has a president and 11 instructors, 130 students, and 
4,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is in the last week in 
June. Stages leave three times a iceekfor Frederick. 

Frederick, the second place of importance in the state, is situated on 
a branch of Monacacy creek, 61 miles from Baltimore, and is surrounded 



100 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 



by a picturesque and highly fertile country. Its streets are wide, and 
regulurly laid out. Tlie city contains an elegant court-house, county 
offices, several banks, a market-house, twelve churches, several scientific 
and literary institutions, and 5,200 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for 
Baltimore. Stages leaved times a week fur Gettysburg, Pa. 

Hagerstown, 70 miles from Baltimore, is pleasantly situated on the 
Antictam creek. It contains a court-iiouse, 2 banks, 2 academies, a town- 
liall, 9 churches, and 3,800 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Frederick. 

Hancock, situated on the left bank of the Potomac river, has 2 churches, 
an academy, and 400 inhabitants. 

Cumberland is situated on the left bank of Potomac river, at the en- 
trance of Wills creek, 178 miles from Baltimore. It contains a court- 
house, a market-house, a bank, five churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 
It. occupies the site of Fort Cumberland, and the mountain scenery in the 
vicinity is picturesque, varied, and beautiful. Extensive beds of coal 
exist in the surrounding hills and mountains. Cars leave daily for Balti- 
more, {fare $7.) Stages leave for Wheeling, Va., {fare «4;) and stages 
in connection wiUisUamboats at Brownsville, Pa., for Pittsburg, {fare $3.) 





1 HL UisTRlcr Ot COLUMBIA occupies a space 
of 60 square miles, and is situated on the left bank of 
I the Potomac r. 120 miles from its entrance into Chesa- 
F| peake bay. The territory was formerly 10 miles square, 
f J and was ceded by the states of Maryland and Vir- 
? ginia, for the purpose of becoming the seat of the 
government of the Republic. The portion west of the 
Potomac was rctroceded to Virginia in 1846. The 
District, which is under the immediate jurisdiction of 
Congress, contains the cities of Washington and Georgetown. Pop. 35,000. 
Washington, the capital of the United States, is situated on the left 
bank of the Potomac, at its confluence with the Anacostia, in N. lat. 
38" 52' 45", and W. Ion. 76" 55' 30" from Greenwich. It is 295 miles 
from the ocean by the course of the river, 38 from Baltimore, and 225 
from New York. It contained, in 1840, 23,364 inhabitants. The city is 
encompassed by a fine range of hills, and covered in part with trees and 
/hrubbery, presenting verdant and cultivated slopes. The ground on 
which it is built has a general elevation of about forty feet above the 
river. In planning the city, the most advantageous ground was ap- 
propriated for the different edifices, and for several squares, commanding 
extensive prospects, and susceptible of such improvements as use or 
ornament might require. Avenues of direct communication have been 
made, connecting distant objects with the principal ones. North and south 
lines, crossed by others running east and west, divide the city into streets 
and squares. The avenues are named after the respective states, and the 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 



101 




I Capitol is the point from which the streets are named, — those north being 
culled A North, &c.. and those south, A South, «Stc. ; those east and west, 
1st K;ist, &c., and 1st West, &:c., respectively. The avenues are from 120 
to ICO feet wide ; Pennsylvania avenue, leading from the Capitol to the 
Pies. dent's house, has a sidewalk twenty-six feet wide, paved, and planted 
with trees, the carriage way being muc-idamizcd 

The CapituL is a large md mass} buildmg of the Corinthian order of 
architecture, and is built 
of freestone. It is situate 
in the centre of the square 
on an eminence 78 leet 
above the tide, and is ( om 
po-ied of a central edihce 
witli two wings, with a 
projection on the west side 
It covers U acres and 1,8^0 
square feet, exclusive ot 
the circular enclosure for 
fuel, forming an elegant 

area and glacier on the 

west front. Tlie length of the tront is A^Z teet, includmg the wings , the' 
depth of the wings is l'2i feet. The projection on the east or main front, 
including the steps, is 65 feet wide, and another on the west front 83 feet 
wide. On the east front there is a splendid portico of 22 columns 38 feet 
liigli ; and on the west front is a portico of ten columns. The height of 
the building to the top of the dome is 120 feet. Under the dome, in the 
middle of the building, is the Rotunda, 95 feet in diameter, and of the 
same height, *nd adorned with sculpture, in stone panels in bold relief: 
the subjects of these are — Smith delivered by the interposition of Pocahon- 
tas — the Landing of the Pilgrims — the conflict of Boone with the Indians — 
and Penn treating with the Indians; and the four celebrated paintings by 
Trumbull, representing the presentation of tlie Declaration of Indepen- 
dence to Congress — the surrender of Burgoyne to Gates — the surrender 
of Cornwallis at Yorktown — and Washington resigning his commission 
to Congress at Annapolis ; also the baptism of Pocahontas, by Chapman ; 
and the Embarkation of the Pilgrims, by Weir. The east front has also, 
m two niches, colossal figures in marble, of Peace and of War, and a 
fine marble statue of Columbus, by Persico, has just been added to this 
entrance. The colossal statue of Washington, by Greenough, luw 
been placed in the East Park, in a neat temple erected for the purpose. 
To the west of the Rotunda is the library room of Congress, 92 by 34 
feet, and 36 feet in height, containing 30,000 volumes. In the second 
story of the soutli wing is the Hall of the House of Representatives, of a 
semicircular form, 96 feet long and 60 feet high, with a dome supported 
by 24 columns of native variegated marble, and with capitals of Italian 
marble. This room is ornamented by some fine statuary and paintings. 
The Senate Chamber is in the second story of the north wing, and is 
semicircular, like that of the Representatives, but smaller, being 78 feet 
long and 45 feet high. Below the Senate Chamber, and nearly of the 
same form and dimensions, though much less elegant, is the room of the 
Supreme Court of the United States; and there are in the building 70 
rooms for the accommodation of committees and officers of Congress. 
Around the Capitol are 22 acres of park, highly ornamented with trees of 
many varieties, shrubbery, fountains, &.c 



102 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 




The President's Hmise is an elegant edifice of freestone, two Btories 

high, at the intersection of 
Pennsylvania, Virginia, New 



^^-J ^ York, Connecticut, and Ver- 
mont avenues, and stands 
il H i! 1 ^S near the centre of a park of 
' 20 acres, at an elevation of 
44 feet above the river. The 
front entrance faces north 
upon La Fayette Square, and 
the southern front, towards 
the garden, presents a fine view of the city, of the Potomac river, and 
the sliores of Maryland and Virginia. The building is 170 feet front and 
8(i feet deep. The north front is ornamented with a fine Ionic portico of 
four lofty columns, projecting with three columns. The outer inter 
columniation is for carriages to drive into, to place the company under 
ehelter. The middle space is the entrance for visitors who come on foot ; 
the steps from both lead to a broad platform in front of the door of en- 
trance. The interior is elegantly constructed and richly furnished. 

On the east of the President's House are two large buildings ; there are 
also two others on the v/est, for the accommodation of the Departments 
of State, of the Treasury, of War, and of the Navy. The General Post- 
ofiice, and the Patent-office, are also extensive buildings. The new 
Treasury building has a splendid colonnade 457 feet in length. The 
General Post-office is of the Corinthian order. The Patent-office, in ad- 
dition to other spacious apartments, has one room in the upper story 275 
feet long and 65 feet wide, and when completed by wings, will be up- 
wards of 400 feet in length. The portico of this building is of the same 
extent as that of the Parthenon at Athens. 

The Navy Yard is on the eastern branch, about three-fourths of a mile 
southeast of the Capitol, and contains 27 acres. It has houses for officers, 
shops, and warehouses, two large ship-houses, an armory, &c. The city 
contains 30 places of worship, two orphan asylums, three banks, a city 
hall, an hospital, a penitentiary, a theatre, 12 academies, &;c. 

Columbian College was incorporated in 1821. It is pleasantly situated 
on elevated ground north of the President's house. It has a medical 
department attached. In the several departments are a president, 10 
professors, and 104 students. It has 4,200 volumes in its libraries. The 
commencement is on the first Wednesday of October. — The National 
Institution for the Promotion of Science, was organized in 1840. It meets 
monthly. Its collections are in the grand hall of the Patent-office. The 
United States Exploring Expedition has added largely to its collection. 
The Union Literary Society holds a weekly discussion at the lecture-room 
of the Medical College. The City Library contains 6,000 volumes, 

The Consressional Cemetery, a mile east of the Capitol, is handsomely 
laid out, and contains many sculptured tombs, monuments, &;c. It is 
tastefully adorned with trees and shrubbery. 

The seat of the Federal government was removed to Washington city 
in 1800. The north wing of the Cnpitol was commenced September 
16th, 1793 : the President, George Washington, laid the corner-stone : 
the architect was Pierre C. L'Enfant. Cars leave Washington daily for 
Boston, via Balti7nore, Philadelphia, and JV. York. Steamboat for J^orfolk. 
Stages for St. Louis, Cincinnati, Detroit, 8rc. Steamboat, railroad, and stage 
line furJV. O. via Richmond. Wilmington, Charleston, Mobile. See routes. 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 



103 





No traveller should leave Wasliington without making a pilgrimage to 
Mount Vernon. It is on the bank of the Potomac, fifteen miles from the 
city. A recent traveller thus describes the spot and his visit, " z'Vfter a 
few miles of riding through the forest, with occasional openings and culti- 
vated spots, my friend pointed out a stone sunk in the ground by the road- 
side, which, he said, marked the beginning of the Mount Vernon estate. 
Still we rode on for a couple of miles, before the gate and porter's lodge 
came in sight. After passing the gate, we had still a distance of half a 
mile before us, and the simple carriage-path led us over a surface much 
diversified, while the trees were most grand and forest-like. We crossed 
a brook, passed through a ravine, and felt ourselves so completely in the 
midst of aboriginal, untouched nature, that the sight of the house and the 
cluster of surrounding buildings, came like a surprise upon me. The 

approach to the ^~^^^.r^~§~^i£ ^~~~"Z^~ - 3^"~^ ~—^ ^ _ 

house is towards 

the west front.— 

The door from 

the piazza open 

ed directly into ' 

a large room, ' 

which we enter- i 

ed. It was no ' 

mere habit that '^^^^^^j^i;^^^^^^^^!.*-* . ^ =%:Se^' 
lifted the hat from my head, and I stepped liglitl}, as iliough upon 
hallowed ground. . . . The rooms of the house are spacious, and 
there is something of elegance in their arrangement ; yet the whole i^ 
marked by great simplicity. All the regard one could wish, seems to 
have been shown to the sacredness of these public relics, and all things 
have been kept very nearly as Washington left them. Let every Ameri- 
can, and especially every young American, visit this place, and catch 
something of its spirit. It will make an impression on him which 

may endure through life At a short distance from the house, in a 

retired spot, stands the new family tomb, a plain structure of brick, with 
a barred iron gate, through which are seen two sarcophagi of white 
marble, side by side, containing the remains of Washington and his 
consort. The old family tomb, in which he was first placed, is in a more 
picturesque situation, upon a knoll, in full view of the river; but the 
present one is more retired, which was reason enough to determine the 
wishes of a modest man." 

Georgetown, on the left bank of the Potomac river, is two miles west of 
Washington, from which it is separated by Rock creek, over which are 
two bridges. The situation is pleasant, commanding a fine view of the 
Potomac river, the city of Washington, and of the adjacent country ; and 
it contains many elegant buildings and country-seats. It has four banks, 
a market-house, 7 churches, 6 academies, a college, and 7,312 in- 
habitants. Georgetown College, founded in 1791, under the direction of 
the Roman Catholics, has two spacious brick edifices, finely situated. 
It has a president and 14 professors, or other instructors, 90 alumni, 140 
students, and 25,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is 
near the last of July. It was authorized by Congress, in 1815, to confer 
degrees. There is also a nunnery, called the Convent of Visitation, 
founded in 1798, which contains from 50 to 70 nuns, attached to which is 
a large female academy, which generally contains 100 young ladies, in- 
structed by the nuns. The Chesapeake and Ohio canal commences at 



104 



STATE OF VIRGINIA. 



this place, which is designed to be extended to the Ohio river, and 
which has been recently continued to Alexandria. Omnibuses arrive from 
and depart for JVashington every 15 minutes. 

Alexandria, seven miles below Washington, is finely situated on the 
right bank of the Potomac, which has a depth of water here sufficient for 
vessels of the largest class. The city is considerably elevated, ascending 
gradually from the river; the streets cross each other at right angles. It 
contains a court-house, 10 churches, two banks, two insurance com- 
panies, a museum, 8 academies, and 8,500 inhabitants. The Museum is 
well worth attention. It contains more personal relics of Gen. Washing- 
ton than can be found elsewhere, and also a large and curious collection 
of specimens in natural history. The city has considerable shipping, and 
exports wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. The Chesapeake and Ohio 
canal extends to this place. Steamboats ply hourly to and from Washington, 




VIRGIMA lies between 3f)0 .33' and 40° 43' N. 
lat., and between 75° 2.5' and 83" 40' W. Ion. It i.t 
370 miles long and 200 broad at its greatest width, con- 
taining C4,000 square miles. Population in 1840, 
1,239,797. 

As regards surface and soil, this state may be di- 
vided into four sections. The eastern includes a tract 
of about 100 or 120 miles in width, and is generally 
low and level, and in some places marshy ; it has a 
iight sandy soil, mostly covered with pines. West of 
pS-'^ the line of the iiead of tide-water the country becomes 
undulating and hilly, until it attains one continuous 
<o,^uia^^ mountain elevation, known as the Blue Ridge, cross- 
ing the entire width of the state. The alluvial lands in this tract are for 
the most part very fertile, those of James river especially being un- 
nsualiy productive. The third section includes the valley between the 
Blue Ridge and the Alleghany mountains. This tract, though in parts 
broken by mountains, is generally the most fertile and healthy part of the 
Btate. The fourth section includes the country between the Alleghany 
chain and the Ohio ; this portion, though in many places wild and broken, 
has a great deal of fine fertile land, with vast depositee of coal, iron. 
Bait, &c. 

The Potomac river separates Virginia from Maryland. James river is 
the largest which belongs to this state. It is 500 miles in length, and flows 
from the mountains in the interior, behind the Blue Ridge, through which 
it passes. It is navigable for sloops 120 miles, and for boats much further, 
and flows into Chesapeake bay. The Appamattox is 130 miles long, and 



STATE OF VIRGINIA. ] 05 

enters James river 100 miles above Hampton Roads, and is navigable 12 
miles to Petersburg. The Rappahannock, 1.30 miles long, and navigable 
110 miles for sloops, rises in the Blue Ridge, and flows into the Chesa- 
peake. York river enters the Chesapeake 30 miles below the Rappahan- 
nock, and is navigable 40 miles for ships. The Shenandoah enters the 
Potomac just before its passage through the Blue Ridge. Of the rivers 
west of the mountains, the Great Kanawha rises in North Carolina, 
passes through this state, and enters the Ohio. The Little Kanawha also 
flows into the Oliio. Tlie Monongahela rises in this state, though it 
runs chiefly in Pennsylvania. — The lower part of Chesapeake bay lies 
wholly in this state, is 15 miles wide at its mouth, and enters the Atlantic 
between Cape Charles and Cape Henry. 

Tlie executive power is vested in a governor, elected by the joint vote of 
the two houses of the General Assembly. He is chosen for three years, 
and is ineligible for the next three. There is a council of state, elected 
in like manner for three years, the seat of one being vacated every year. 
The senior councillor is lieutenant-governor. The senators can never be 
more than 36, and the delegates than 150; and both are apportioned 
anew among the counties every ten years. The senators are elected for 
four years, and the seats of one-fourth of them are vacated every year. 
The delegates are chosen annually. All appointments to any office of 
trust, honor, or prolit, by the legislature, are made openly, or viva voce, 
and not by ballot. The judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals, and of 
the superior courts, are elected by the joint vote of both houses of the 
General Assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until 
removed by a joint vote of two-thirds of the legislature. 

The right of suff'rage is extended to every resident white male citizen 
21 years of age, entitled to vote by the former constitution ; or who 
owns a freehold valued at $25, or a joint interest in a freehold to that 
amount; or who has a life estate, or a reversionary title to land valued at 
$50, having been so possessed for six months ; or who shall own, or be in 
occupation of a leasehold estate having been recorded two months, for a 
term not less than five years, of the annual value or rent of $200; or who 
for 12 months shall have been a housekeeper and head of a family, and 
paid the taxes assessed by the commonwealth. 

The literary institutions in this state are — William and Mary College, at 
Williamsburg ; Hampden Sidney College, in Prince Edward county, 
with a medical department in Richmond ; Washington College, at Lex- 
ington ; Randolph Macon College, at Boydton ; the University of Vir- 
ginia, at Charlottesville ; St. Vincent's College, at Richmond ; and Rich- 
mond College, do. There are theological schools at Richmond and in 
Fairfax county. There are about 400 academies and 2,000 common schools. 

Virginia is sometimes called the Ancient Dominion, having been 
settled in April, 1607, at Jamestown, on James river, which was the 
first white settlement in the United States. In convention, June 25th, 1788, 
the constitution of the United States was adopted — yeas 89, nays 79. 

Jamestown, the first settlement in British America, was commenced by 
Capt. John Smith and his companions, May 13th, 1607. The site is a 
point of land projecting into James river, seven miles distant from Wil- 
liamsburg. Of this interesting spot, little now remains but a church- 
yard, and the tower of an ancient church— a venerable memento of an- 
tiquity, carrying back the mind of the traveller, as he hurries by in a 
passing steamer, to scenes long since vanished " down time's lengthening 
way." i 

5* 







106 STATE OF VIRGINIA. 

Richmond, the capital of the state, is beautifully situated on the 

left bank of James river, 
at the lower falls, and 150 
miles above its entrance into 
Chesapeake buy. It is 117 
miles from Washington, and 
343 from New York. Popu- 
lation in 1840, -20, 153. The 
city is well situated for com- 
merce, being at the head 
of tide-water, on the river; 
vessers drawmg tbn ttet ot water come to Rockets, a mile below the 
centre of the city, and those drawing 15 feet to Warwick, 3 miles below. 
There are locks around the falls in James river, and above them it is 
navigable for boats 220 miies. A canal extends to Lynchburg, a distance 
of 116 miles. Manchester is directly opposite to the city, and is con- 
nected with it by two bridges. The situation of Richmond is healthy and 
highly picturesque. The streets cross each other at right angles, and the 
houses are well built. Shockoe and Richmond hills are opposite to each 
other, Shockoe ijreek passing between them : the city is spread over these 
hills and along the margin of the creek. Shockoe Hill, which is a 
favorite place of residence, is an elevated plain ; and near its brow is 
Capitol Square, a beautiful public ground. In the centre of this ground 
stands the Capitol, in a conspicuous and commanding situation, having a 
portico in front, with an entablature supported by lofty Ionic columns. 
Within the building, in an open hall, stands a marble statue of Washing- 
ton, by Hodoun. The City-hall, fronting the Capitol Square, is an ele- 
gant building of the Grecian order of architecture. There are in the city 
23 churches, 3 banks, two insurance companies, an armory, a theatre, 
a female asylum, a penitentiary, 13 academies, and a free Lancasterian 
school. The city is supplied with water which is elevated by hydraulic 
power into three reservoirs containing a million of gallons each, from 
which it is distributed in pipes throughout the city. — The Medical de- 
partment of Hampden Sidney College has a fine building of the Egyptian 
order of architecture ; it has a dean and five members of the faculty. St. 
Vincent's College, under the control of the Roman Catholics, is about 
one mile east of the city. It has a president and about 50 students. 
Richmond College, under the direction of the Baptists, is one mile 
west of the city. It has a president, 5 professors, and 100 students. 

Richmond was founded in 1742, and was made the capital of the state 
in 1780. — Steamboats leave daily fur Ha.mpton Roads, Morfolk, S'C. Cars 
arrive from, and depart daily for Washington, {fare $5;) for Wilming' 
ton, JV. C, (fare $10.50;) for Gordonsville, [fare $3.25;) and for 
Raleigh, JV. C. Stages leave 3 times a xceek for Staunton, for White 
Sulphur Springs via Lynchburg ; for Milton, JV. C. ; and for Old Point 
Comfort ; and twice a week fur Rappahannock. 

Norfolk is on the right bank of Elizabeth river, eight miles above its 
entrance into Hampton Roads, and lOfi miles from Richmond. The situa- 
tion is low, and the streets are crooked and irregular. It contains a 
custom-house, a court-house, a market-house, a theatre, four banks, eight 
churches, an academy, a Lancasterian school, an orphan asylum, an 
atheneum, and 12,000 inhabitants. Portsmouth is on the left bank of 
the river, and immediately opposite to Norfolk. It contains a court 
house, six churches, a bank, and about 7.000 inhabitants. The United 



STATE OF VIRGINIA, 



107 



States Navy Yard is situated in the part of the town known as Gosport, 
where has been constructed a large and costly drydoclc, and extensive 
buildings, workshops, &c., used in the construction of naval architecture. 
The Virginia Literary, Scientific, and Military Academy, established in 
1840, has 4U pupils. The United States Naval Hospital is a short dis- 
tance from the Navy Yard. The harbor of Norfolk and Portsmouth, the 
entrance to which is through Hampton Roads, is one of the best on the 
Atlantic coast. Steamboats leave daily for Richmond, for PVashington, 
and for Baltimore. Cars leave daily for Wilmington, JV. C, via 
Gareys. Stages leave for Petersburg ; and for Edenton, JV. C. 

Hampton, on the left bank of James river, contains a court-house, four 
churches, and about 1,200 inhabitants. Hampton Roads is a safe and 
capacious harbor, sufficiently deep for the largest ships of war, and is 
amply defended by forts Monroe and Calhoun. The channel leading in 
from the Capes of Virginia to Hampton Roads, is reduced at Old Point 




Comfort to a very narrow width. The shoal water, under the action of 
the sea and the reaction of the bar, is kept in an unremitting ripple; 
which circumstance has given to this place the name of the Rip Raps. 
Fort Monroe is an immense fortress, and will mount 335 guns, 130 of 
which are under bomb-proof covers; Fort Calhoun, or the Castle of the 
Rip Raps, i» directly opposite to Fort Monroe, at a distance of 1,900 
yards, and will mount 2G5 guns, most of which will be under cover. Tlie 
beach at Old Point Comfort affords excellent bathing-ground ; this, with a 
fine hotel, and other attractions, cause the place to be much resorted to 
in the summer months. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for 
Baltimore ; fur Washington ; for Richmond, and for JVorfolk. 

Petersburg is situated on the right bank of Appomattox river, twelve 
miles above its entrance into James river, and 22 miles from Richmond. 
Vessels of light draught come up to its docks. The falls of the river here 
afford extensive water-power. It hns a court-house. Masonic-hall, two 
banks, nine churches, eight ^ 
academies, extensive manu- 
factories, mills, (fee, and 
about 12,000 inhabitants. Ii 
exports largely flour and to- 
bacco. Blanford Church, in 
the vicinity, is one of the most 
picturesque ruins in the coun- 
try. Cars arrive from, and 
depart daily for Wilmington, 
JV. C. ; for Raleigh ; and for Wnshiiigton via Richmond. 



Steamboats 

leave dailii for JVorfolh. Stages leave 3 times a week for IVliite Sulphur 
Springs via Lynchburg, and for JVorfolk. 

Williamsburg, the oldest incorporated town in the state, and once 
the capital, is finely situated on a level plain, between York and James 
rivers. It is 58 miles from Richmond, 68 from Norfolk, and contauis 3 




108 



STATE OF VIRGINIA. 








churches, Uie magazine, the buildings of William and Mary Colleges, the 
Easton Lunatic Asylum, two seminaries, and 1,600 inhabitants. In the 
square, fronting the College, stands the statue of Lord Bottetourt, one of 
the colon il governois It is mucii mutilated though still presenting a 
iCi^'i a'BS^^Jg^ specimen of elegant sculpture, 

fVilham and Mary College, 
excepting Harvard Universi- 
ty is. the oldest literary in- 
'.titution in the Union. It is 
d tinguished for the very 
hrge portion of its gradu- 
ates who have risen to emi- 
nence ; some of whom have 
held the highest stations in 
the Kepublic. it was tounded in vm^Z, in tne reign of William and Mary, 
who granted it a donation of 20,000 acres of land. It has a president and 
five professors, 100 students, and 4,000 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
mencement is on the fourth of July. There is a law department in this 
institution. (See route 285.) 

YoRKTOWN, on the right bank of York river, 70 miles from Richmond, 
was founded in 1705, and was once a flourishing village ; it has now about 
40 dwellings, many of which are dilapidated and fast going to decay. It 
is memorable as the place where Lord Cornwallis surrendered his forces to 
the combined armies of America and France. 

Fredericksburg, situated on the ri{;ht bank of Rappahannock river, 
56 miles from Washington, is regularly laid out, and presents a beautiful 
appearance from the heights by which it is surrounded. The falls of the 
river afford good water-power: vessels of 140 tons come up to the foot of 
the falls. It contains a court-house, two banks, an orphan asylum, five 
churches, five academies, and about 4,000 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, 
and depart daily for Washington, and fur Bichmond. Stages leave 3 
times a week for Stauntonvia Charlottesville ; twice a week for Winchester, 
and for Yorktown. 

Warrenton is a beautiful village 56 miles from Washington. It con- 
tains a court-house, three churches, two academies, and 1,400 inhabitants. 
The Fauquier White Sulphur Springs are six miles southwest from 
Warrenton. The improvements are very extensive, and the grounds 
beautifully adorned with shrubbery. The waters are in much repute. 
Stages arrive from, and depart 3 times a week [daily in summer) for 
Washington, and for Fredericksburg. 

Charlottesville is beautifully situated in a fertile valley on the right 
bank of Rivanna river, 83 miles from Richmond. It is handsomely built, 
and contains four churches, an academy, a female seminary, and about 
2,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of the University of Virginia, which was 
planned by Mr. Jefferson. The buildings are arranged on three sides of a 
grassy parallelogram, at the upper end of which stands a large rotunda 
containing the library and lecture-rooms. It has a fine philosophical and 
chemical apparatus, a cabinet, an anatomical museum, and an astronomical 
observatory. The buildings include ten pavilions for the professors, and 
109 dormitories and six hotels for the accommodation of the students. 
The institution went into operation in 1825, and has nine professors, 1,236 
alumni, 200 students, and 16,000 volumes in its hbraries. The com- 
mencement is on the fourth of July. Monticello , formerly the seat of 
Thomas Jefferson, is three miles southeast from Charlottesville. Stages 



STATE OF VIRGINIA. 109 

in connection with railroad cars leave daily for Richmond , stages daily 
for fVashington, and for White Sulphur Springs ; and 3 times a week for 
Fredericksburg and for Lynchburg. 

Lynchburg is situated on the right bank of James river, 116 miles from 
Richmond, on a steep declivity, and is surrounded by bold and beautiful 
scenery. It contains two banks, three savings banks, eight churches, 15 
classical schools, a library, 30 tobacco manufactories, several extensive 
flouring-mills, and about 7,000 inhabitants, It is a great tobacco mart, 
and has an extensive mercantile trade. The town is supplied with water 
from tiie James river, raised by hydraulic power into a reservoir capable 
of containing 400,000 gallons, elevated 253 feet above the river, from 
whence the water is distributed in iron pipes. The James river canal 
extends to Richmond, a distance of 147 miles. Stages leave three times a 
week for Guyandotte via fV/iite Sulphur Springs ; for Abingdon ; for 
Salisbury, JV. C., via Danville ; and for Richmond and Petersburg. 

Farmville, situated on the right bank of the Appomattox river, 75 
miles from Richmond, contains tliree churches, a bank, ten tobacco 
factories, and about 1,400 inhabitants. Ten miles southwest is //awiprfen 
Sydney College, founded in 1774, and chartered as a college in 1783. It has 
a president, five professors, 70 students, and 8,000 volumes in its libraries. 
The commencement is on the fourth Wednesday in September. In the 
vicinity of the college is the Union Theological Seminary, founded in 
1824. It has three professors, 20 students, 175 graduates, and 4,000 
volumes in its libraries. Stages leave Farmville 3 times a week for Rich- 
mond; for Charlottesville ; for Lynchburg ; and for Petersburg. 

Martinsburg, on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, is 20 
miles from Harper's Ferry. It contains a court-house, 6 churches, two 
academies, and about 1,700 inhabitants. Berkeley Springs, twenty-five 
miles from Martinsburg, are much frequented, and are in high repute. 
Tbe waters are but slightly impregnated with mineral ingredients. 

Harper's Ferry is at the junction of the Shenandoah and Potomac rivers, 
81 miles from Baltimore and 63 from Washington. The scenery here la 
perhaps the most singularly picturesque in America. To attain the ele- 
vation from which the view is taken heading our description of the state 
of Virginia, (see page 104,) rt is necessary to climb the Blue Ridge by a 
narrow winding path immediately above the bank of the Potomac. The 
junction of the two rivers is immediately beneath the spectator's feet ; and 
his delighted eye, resting, first upon the beautiful village of Harper's 
Ferry, wanders over the wide and woody plains extending to the Alle- 
ghany Mountains. (For a particular and masterly description, see Jeffer- 
son's Notes on Virginia.) The village contains a national arsenal and 
armory, four churches, an academy, and about 3,000 inhabitants. In the 
armory are employed about 250 persons, manufacturing 9,000 stand of 
arms annually ; and in the arsenal are stored from 80 to 90,000 stand 
of arms. Cars leave daily for Baltimore, for Cumberland, and for 
Winchester. 

Charlestown, 8 miles 
from Harper's Ferry, con- 
tains a court-house, a bank, 
an academy, 3 churches, 
and 1,500 inhabitants. The ; 
Shannondale Springs are ' 
five miles distant fror 
Charlestown, from which stages run daily. The Springs are upon the 




110 STATE OF VIRGINIA. 

Shannondale rirer, near the Blue Ridge. The waters contain sulphate 
of lime, carbonate of lime, eulphate of magnesia, muriate of magnesia, 
muriate of soda, eulphate of iron, carbonate of iron, sulphurated hydrogen, 
and carbonic acid. They closely resemble the celebrated Bedford waters 
in composition, operation, and efficacy. The scenery in the vicinity of 
these springs is varied and picturesque. Cars arrive at Charlestown in 7 
hours from Baltimore. 

Winchester is situated in a fertile valley, 113 miles from Baltimore and 
146 from Richmond. The streets are regularly laid out and the houses hand- 
somely built. It has a court-house, lyceum. Masonic-hall, 12 churches, 
two banks, a savings institution, an academy, and 3.500 inhabitants. The 
place is supplied with water brought from a spring through iron pipes. 
Jordan's White Sulphur Springs, 6 miles north from Winchester, have 
lately come into notice. The waters are said to resemble the White 
Sulphur Springs of Greenbrier. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for 
Baltimore. Stages leave 3 times a week for Washington, for the White 
Sulphur Springs, and also for Parker sburg. 

Woodstock, 62 miles from Harper's Fer-y, on the north branch of the 
Shenandoah river, contains a court-house, an academy, a Masonic-hall, 3 
churches, and 1,000 inhabitants. The Orkney or Yellow Springs are 
about 18 miles from Woodstock. There are several lively springs, the 
waters of which are strongly chalybeate, and have been found beneficial 
for several complaints. (See route 268.) 

Staunton, 207 miles from Baltimore, 162 from Washington, and 120 
from Richmond, is on the head waters of the Shenandoah river. It con- 
tains a court-house, the Western Lunatic Asylum, the Virginia Institu- 
tion for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, two academies, two seminaries, 
4 churches, and 2,200 inhabitants. The Augusta Springs are twelve 
miles NW. of Staunton. Tlio water is strongly impregnated with 
eulphureted hydrogen, and is said to equal the celebrated Harrowgato 
waters, England. The accommodations for visitors are ample, and the 
situation is extremely picturesque. The Cyclopean towers, near these 
springs, are among the most wonderful curiosities of Virginia. Weir's 
Cave is 17 miles NW. of Staunton, in a hill a short distance west of the 
Blue Ridge. "Its dimensions, by the most direct course, are more than 
1,600 feet ; and by more winding paths, twice that length ; and its objects 
are remarkable for their variety, formation, and beauty. In both respects 
it will, I think, compare, without injury to itself, with the celebrated 
Grotto of Aniiparos." Stages arrive and depart 3 times a week for Bal- 
timore via Harper's Ferry; for Washington via Charlottesville, and 
Fredericksburg ; for Richmond, for the White Sulphur Springs, and for 
Knoxville, via Mncastle, Abingdon, drc. (See route 281.) 

The Warm Springs, 57 miles from Staunton, are delightfully situated, 
in a narrow and fertile valley, between two mountain ranges. Besides 
the county buildings and the elegant hotels, there are but few dwellings. 
The waters of the Warm Springs afford the most luxurious bathing in 
the world ; they contain neutral salts, and various gases, which act as a 
gentle aoerient, diuretic and sudorific, and give tone and vigor to the 
system. The Hot Springs are five miles from the Warm, in the same 
beautiful valley with the latter. The waters of the Hot Springs contain 
nitrogen and carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, sulphate of lime, sulphate 
of soda, sulphate of magnesia, muriate of soda, sUica, and a trace o( 
oxide of iron. (See route 281.) 



STATE OF VIRGINIA.. Ill 




The VYhitk Sulphur Springs, the most celebrated watering-place of 
Virginia, are situated 229 miles from Richmond, on the western declivity of 
the Alleghany mountains, in an extensive valley, as picturesque as fancy ever 
sketched upon the lap of nature. The spring discharges IS gallons of 
water per minute, at a uniform temperature of 60° of Fahrenheit. It con- 
tains sulphate of lime, sulphate of soda, carbonate of magnesia, chloride 
of calcium, sulpho-hydrate of sodium, carbonate of lime, chloride of 
sodium, per-oxide of iron, organic matter, iodine, sulphate of magnesia, 
phosphate of lime, and precipitated sulphur, with the following gases — 
carbonic acid, sulphureted hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. It is very 
efficacious in dyspepsia, liver complaints, jaundice, gout, rheumatism, 
diseases of the skin, and various other complaints. The accommodations 
for visitors are elegant, and sufficiently extensive for 1,500 persons ; while 
the fountain, walks, and grounds are tastefully arranged. The Blue Sulphur 
Springs are twenty-two miles west, in a valley surrounded on three sides by 
mountains, presenting wild and picturesque scenery. The buildings are 
of brick, and sufficient to entertain commodiously 400 persons. The 
water is similar to the White Sulphur, and the supply abundant. The 
Sweet Springs are situated in a wide and beautiful valley, 18 miles from 
the White Sulphur and 29 from Fincastle. The waters contain sulphate 
of magnesia, muriate of soda, muriate of lime, sulphate of lime, carbon- 
ate of magnesia, carbonate of lime, and silicious earth. About a mile 
north of the Sweet Springs is the Red Spring of Mleghany. The 
waters are said to be peculiarly efficacious in rheumatic complaints. The 
Salt Sulphur Springs are twenty -five miles from the White Sulphur, and 
three from the village of Union, on Indian Valley creek. There are threp 
springs — viz., the Sweet, the Salt Sulphur, and the New Spring. Tin 
last contains a large portion of iodine, and is highly beneficial for scrofula, 
and those affections for which iodine is given. The two first are some- 
what alike in their properties. The Salt Sulphur contains sulphate oi 
lime, sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of soda, carbonate of lime, carbon- 
ate of magnesia, chloride of sodium, chloride of magnesium, chloride 
of calcium, iodine, (probably combined with sodium,) sulpho-hydrate of so- 
dium and magnesium, sulphur, mingled with a peculiar organic matter, 
per-oxide of iron derived from proto-sulphate, sulphureted hydrogen, 
nitrogen, oxygen, and carbonic acid. The temperature is 50° Fahren- 
heit. The Red Sulphur Springs are situated on Indian creek, 40 miles 
from the White Sulphur, 16 miles from the Salt Sulphur. The water is 
clear and cool — its temperature being 54" Fahrenheit — is strongly charged 
with sulphureted hydrogen gas. and contains portions of several neutral 
salts. Stages leave the White Sulphur Springs three times a week for 
Washington via Charlottesville ; for Baltimore via Winchester ; for 
Richmond via Lynchburg ; for Guy andotte ; and for Knoxville, Tenn. 

Lkxington is situated on an elevated bank on the west side of North 



112 STATE OF VIRGINIA. 

river, a branch of James river, 146 miles from Richmond, and 32 from 
StHunton. It contains a neat court-house, 4 churches, the buildings Oi 
Washington College, and the Military Institution, a classical school, the 
Ann Smith Female Academy, and 1,200 inhabitants. Washington Col- 
lege, endowed in 1796 by the immortal Washington, and founded in 1812, 
has a president and five professors, or other instructors, 126 alumni, 136 
students, and 2,700 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on 
the last T''hursday in June. The Virginia Military Institute, on the plan 
of the school at West Point, has 3 professors and 60 cadets. Fourteen 
miles southeasterly from Lexington is the Natural Bridge, a curiosity 
of surpassing grandeur. The mean height of the bridge from the stream 
to its upper surface is 21 5i fL ; its average width is 80 ft., its length 93 ft. — 
thickness of the arch 55 ft.— span of the arch 90 ft. (See route 299.) 

FiNCASTLK. pleasantly situated on tlie southeast declivity of Catawba 
valley, 175 miles from Richmond, contains a court-house, two academies, 
4 churches, and 700 inhabitants. Tke Bottetoiirt Springs, twelve miles 
from Fincastle, are much frequented, and the improvements are sufficient 
to accommodate a large number of visitors. The waters contain sulphur, 
magnesia, carbonic acid gas, &c. Daggers^ Springs are 18 miles from 
Fincastle. The most active mineral ingredients in the water are carbona- 
ted alkalies. There are good accommodations for visitors, and the neigh- 
borhood abounds in picturesque scenery. Stages leave Fincastle 3 times 
weekly for Lynchburg ; for Winchester; for Guyandotte via White Sul- 
phur Springs ; and for Union via Sweet Springs. 

Wytheville, 252 miles from Richmond, contains four churches and 
about 700 inhabitants. Grayson Sulphur Spriiigs, 20 miles from Wythe- 
ville, are situated on the bank of New river, surrounded by scenery of a 
remarkably wild and picturesque character. The waters contain carbon- 
ate of soda, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of lime, sulphate of lime, 
sulphate of magnesia, chloride of sodium, chloride of calcium, chloride 
of magnesium, sulphate of soda, &c. (See route 303.) 

Abingdon, situated between the forks of Holston river, 8 miles north 
of the Tennessee line, is the most considerable and flourishing town in 
SW. Virginia. Here are a court-house, two academies, four churches, 
several manufacturing establishments, and about 1,200 inhabitants. 
Emory and Henry College, founded in 1838, by the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, is ten miles from the village. It has a president, two professors, 
one tutor, 125 students, and 2,800 volumes in its libraries. The com- 
mencement is on the last Wednesday in June. The Chilhowee Sulphur 
Springs are within 18 miles of Abingdon. Stages leave Mingdon 
3 times a week for Lynchbur g , for Winchester, and for Knoxville, Tenn. 

EsTiLLViLLE, situated near the Clinch river, is a small village of 
about 60 dwellings, one church, and a court-house. Four miles from it 
are the Holston Springs, the waters of which possess highly medicinal 
properties, and are very similar to the White Sulphur. The uniform 
temperature of the water is 68^'', which renders it a natural medicated 
bath of the most agreeable degree of heat. The JVatural Tunnel is twelve 
miles west from the village. The passage through the mountain is about 
450 feet in length. A stream of water passes through it and a stage-road 
over it. The entrance on the upper side of the ridge is in a high degree 
imposing and picturesque ; but on the lower side the grandeur of the 
scene is greatly heightened by the superior magnitude of the clifFs, which 
rise perpendicularly more than 300 feet. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
the White Sulphur Springs, and for Cumberland Gap, Tenn. 



STATE OF VIRGINIA. 



113 



Wkllsbitrg, on the left bank of tlie Ohio river, 87 miles from Pitta- 
burg, contdins a court-house, 5 churches, 2 academies, a bank, several 
extensive factories, and 2,000 inhabitants. Bethany is eight miles Ccist 
from WLli>-burg. It has a few dwellings and the buildings of Bethany 
College Tins m>titntion has .i prf ^idMit, 4 nrofe-'-or^, Miid JOO students. 




VVHi-ELiiscj is siiuated on the left bank of Ohio river, at the mouth of 
Wheeling creek, 104 miles below Pittsburg by the river, and is surrounded 
by bold and precipitous hills, containing vast quantities of bituminous 
coal. It contains a handsome court-house, two academies, two banka 
and a savings institution, 12 churches, a theatre, the Wheeling Institute, 
a Masonic-hall, a large number of mills and factories, and 8,000 inhabi- 
tants. The city is well supplied with water, raised from the Ohio river. 
Steamboats leave dnily for Cincinnati, S,-c. (See route 620.) Stages in 
connection with railroad cars leave daily for Baltimore, (fare $11,) 
Stages arrive from, and depart daiJj for Pittsburg ; for Cincinnati ; for 
Maysville, Ky. ; and also for Sf ^otds, via Columbus, Ohio, Indianapo 
lis, la., and Terre- Haute; three times a week for Jishtnbula ; for Cleve- 
land ; for Sandusky ; and twice a week for Marietta, Ohio. 

Elizabeth, 12 miles below Wheeling, on the left bank of the Ohio 
Tiver, contains a court-house and a few dwellings. Here, scattered over 
a large plain, are very extensive ancient tumuli, consisting of one main 
mound 116 feet high and 400 yards in circumference, surrounded by a 
ditch, and encompassed by other similar but smaller mounds. 

Parkersburg is situated on the north side of Little Kanawha river, at 
its junction with Ohio river, 209 miles, by the river, below Pittsburg. It 
has a court-house, a bank, 4 churches, and about 1,200 inhabitants, and is 
a flourishing village. Two miles below, in the Ohio, is B I annerh asset's 
Island, a beautifully wooded spot, celebrated as the residence of Mr. 
Blannerhasset. Stages leave 3 times a week for Baltimore^ via Winchester. 

Point Pleasant is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, at the 
mouth of Great Kanawha river, 296 miles below Pittsburg by the course 
of the river. It is on the site of one of the bloodiest battles ever fought 
with the Indians in Virginia, which took place Oct. 10th, 1774. The 
village contains a court-house, two churches, and about 500 inhabitants. 
Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Pittsburg and for Cin- 
cinnati. Stages three times a week for the White Sulphur Springs, &rc- 

GuYANDOTTE lies on the left bank of the Ohio river, at the entrance of 
Guyandotte river, 337 miles below Pittsburg. It is the most important 
point of steamboat embarkation and debarkation in Weste-n Virginia, 
with the exception of Wheeling, and is rapidly growing in importance in 
this respect. It contains a church and about 800 inhabitants. Stages 
leave 3 times a week for Richmond, for Washington, and for Baltimore 
via the White Sulphur Springs. 



114 



STATE OF OHIO. 




OHIO lies bttvveen lat 38° 30' N. and 42" N., and 
between 80° 35' and 84* 47' W. ]on. It is 210 miles 
gis' long from north to south, and 200 miles broad ; con- 
taining 40,000 square miles. The population in 1840^ 
gA^i^. was 1,519,467, making it the third in population in the 



^^ United Stales. 

The land in the interior of the state, and bordering 
g;- on Lake Erie, is generally level, and in some places 
marshy. From one-quarter to one-third of the state, 
comprenending the eastern and southeastern parts, bordering on the Ohio 
river, is generally hilly and broken, but in no part mountainous. On tlie 
margin of the Ohio river, and several of its tributaries, are alluvial lands 
of great fertility. The valleys of the Scioto and the Great and Little 
Miami, are ihe most extensive sections of level, rich, and fertile lands in 
the state. At the head of the Muskingum river are prairies of considera- 
ble extent, nome of which are wet, though generally dry and fertile. The 
height of land which divides the waters which fall into the Ohio from 
those which fall into Lake Erie, is the most marshy of any in the state; 
while the land on the margin of the rivers is generally dry. Wheat may 
be regarded as the staple production of the state, though Indian corn and 
other grains are largely cultivated. 

The Ohio river, which gives name to the state, washes its entire southern 
border. This river is 1,004 miles long, from Pittsburg to its mouth, 
by its various windings, though it is only 614 in a direct line. Its cur- 
rent is gentle, with no falls excepting at Louisville, Kentucky, where 
there is a descent of 22i feet in two miles, (which is obviated by a canal.) 
For about half the year it is navigable for steamboats of a large class 
through its whole course. The Muskingum, the largest river which flows 
entirely in this state, is formed by the junction of the Tuscarawas and 
Walhonding rivers, and enters the Ohio at Marietta. It is navigable for 
boats 100 miles. The Scioto, the second river in magnitude, flowing en- 
tirely within the state, is about 200 miles long, and enters the Ohio at 
PorUmouth. Its largest branch is the Whetstone, or Olentangy, which 
joins it immediately above Columbus ; it is navigable for boats 130 miles. 
The Great Miami, a rapid river in the western part of the state, is 100 
miles long, and enters the Ohio in the SW. corner of the state. The 
Little Miami has a course of 70 miles, and enters the Ohio seven miles 
above Cincinnati. The Maumee, 100 miles long, rises in Indiana, runs 
through the northwest part of the state, and enters Lake Erie at Maumee 
bay. It is navigable for steamboats to Perrysburg, 18 miles from the lake, 
and above the rapids is boatable for a considerable distance. The San- 
dusky rises in the northern part of the state, and after a course of about 
80 miles, enterB Sandusky bay, and tlience into Lake Erie. The Cuyahoga 



STATE OF OHIO. 



115 



rises in the nortli part of the state, and, after a curved course of 60 miles, 
enters Lake Erie at Cleveland. It has a number of falls vkfliicli furnish 
valuable mill-seats. Besides these, there are Huron Vermilion, Black, 
Grand, and Ashtabula rivers, wliich fall into Lake Erie. 

The governor is elected by the people for two years. The senators are 
chosen biennially, and are apportioned according to the number of 
male white inhabitants over 21 years of age. The number can never 
be less than one-third, nor more than one-half the number of the repre- 
sentatives. The representatives are apportioned among the counties 
according to the number of inhabitants over 21 years of age, and there 
can never be more than 72 nor less than 36. — The judges of the Supreme 
Court and other courts are elected by the joint-ballot of the legislature. 
for the term of seven years. — The right of suffrage is enjoyed by all white 
male citizens over 21 years of age, who have resided in the state one 
year next preceding the election, and who have paid or been assessed 
with a state or county tax. 

Literary Institutions : — The University of Ohio, at Athens ; the Miami 
University, at Oxford ; Franklin College, at New Athens ; the Western 
Reserve College, at Hudson; Granville College, at Granville; Oberlin 
Collegiate Institute, at Oberlin ; Cincinnati College, at Cincinnati ; Kenyon 
College, at Gambler; Marietta College, at iVI arietta ; Willoughly Uni- 
versity, at Willoughly ; Lane Theological Seminary, at Cincinnati. 
There are also theological departments in Kenyon, Western Reserve, 
and Granville colleges, and in the Oberlin Institute ; a Lutheran Theolog" 
cal School at Columbus ; two medical and one law school at Cincinnati. 
There are in the state 75 academies and 5,200 common schools 

The first permanent settlement in Ohio was made in 17d8, at Marietta, 
In 1802 Ohio was admitted into the Union. 




Cincinnati, the largest city in the 
Biate, is situated on the right bank of' 
the Ohio river, 455 miles below Pittsburg, and 1,548 above New Orleans. 
It is the largest city of the west, north of New Orleans, and the sixth 
in population in the United States. Population in 1840 46,338- in 
1845, 65,000. 1848, about 90,000. 1849, 110,000 

The city is near the eastern extremity of a valley of about 12 miles in 
circumference, surrounded by beautiful hills which rise to the height of 
300 feet by gentle slopes, which are mostly coveied by trees. It is built on two 
table-lands, the one from 40 to 60 feet higher than the other. The upper 
plain of Cincinnati is 25 feet below the level of Lake Erie. The shore at 
the landing-place is paved to low-water mark, and supplied with floating 
wharves adapted to the great rise and fall of water in the river.— The 
central part of the city is compactly and finely built with spacious ware- 
houses, stores, and dwellings, generally of brick. Many of the streets are 
well paved and extensively planted with shade-trees. The climate is 
variable, but is considered healthy. 

Cincinnati contains many literary and charitable institutions. The 



118 STATE OP OHIO. 

Cincinnati College, founded in 1819, has fine grounds and a valuable 
building in the centre of tlie city. It has a president, 7 professors or 
other instructors, and IGO students. The commencement is on the last 
Monday in June. Woodward College has a president, five professors or 
other instructors, 100 students, and 800 volumes in its libraries. St. Xavier 
College, founded in 1840, under the direction of the Roman Catholics, 
has a president and other instructors, about 100 students, and from 4 to 
5,000 volumes in its libraries. Lane Seminary, a Presbyterian Theological 
Institution, opened in 1833, and located at Walnut Hills, two miles from 
the city, has 3 professors, 100 students, and 10,300 volumes in its libraries. 
Its anniversary is on the second Wednesday in June. The Medical Col- 
lege of Ohio, chartered and placed under a board of trustees in 1825, has 
large and commodious buildings, with lecture-rooms, &c. It has seven 
professors, and over 2,000 volumes in its libraries. Its apparatus in 
anatomy, comparative anatomy, surgery, chemistry, and materia medica, 
is very complete. The lectures commence on the first Monday in Novem- 
ber, annually. Its students, who number 130, have access to the Com- 
mercial Hospital to witness operations and the treatment of patients by 
the faculty. The Cincinnati Law-school is connected with the Cincinnati 
College, and has 3 professors and 30 students. The Mechanics' Institute 
was chartered in 18-8 for the Instruction of Mechanics, by lectures, &c., 
in the Arts and Sciences. It has a valuable philosophical and chemical 
apparatus, a library, and a reading-room. The Hall of the Institute is 
situated on Third-street, and contains an ample number of rooms, one of 
which is devoted to the Western Academy of Natural Sciences. An 
annual fair for encouraging Arts and Manufactures is held in another of 
the rooms, commencing on the tiiird Monday in June. — The common or 
free schools are of a high order ; nine of them have buildings three stories 
liigh, with various apparatus, 60 teachers, and about 4,000 scholars. A 
college of teachers was established in 1821, for advancing the interests of 
schools in the Mississippi valley. The Young Men's Mercantile Library 
Association has a library of 7,000 volumes and a reading-room. The 
Apprentices' Library, founded in 1821, contains 2,200 volumes. 

The charitable institutions of the city are highly respectable. There 
are two Roman Catholic asylums, and the Cincinnati Orphan Asylum. 
The Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asylum of Ohio, incorporated in 
1821, has accommodations for 250 persons ; a part of the establishment is 
appropriated as a poorhouse. 

There are 76 churches, a court-house, 5 markets, a United States Land- 
ofiice, 3 theatres, and a museum. The city is supplied with water raised 
from the Ohio river by steam-power. A large water-power is obtained 
by the surplus water of the Miami canal, and manufacturing is carried on 
extensively. By means of canals, railroads, and macadamized turnpikes, 
Cincinnati enjoys great facilities for internal communication. The Miami 
canal extends to, and unites with the Wabash and Erie canal. The 
Whitewater canal extends to Cambridge, 70 miles. 

Cincinnati was founded in 1789, and chartered as a city in 1819. 

Steamboats leave daily for Pittsburg ; for St. Louis ; for J^ew Orleaiis, 
and tke intermediate places. Cars leave daily for Sandusky City, con- 
necting at Springfield with lines of stages for Columbus, Zanesville, 
Wheeling ; and for Cleveland. Stages leave daily for Dayton ; for St. 
Louis via Indianapolis ; 3 times a week for ChilUcothe, and for Lancaster ; 
twice a week fur JVashmlle via F^iiiigton ; and also for Knoxville, Tcnn. 
Fare to JVew Orleans, from $12 to 20. (See route 620.) 



STATE OF OHIO. 117 

Columbus, the capital of the stnte, is situated on the left bank of 
Scioto river, immediately below the junction of Olentangy or Whetstont 
river, 142 miles from Cleveland, and J 27 from Cincinnati. It is regularly 
laid out, with streets crossing each other at right angles. In the centre of 
tlie city is a public square of 10 acres, handsomely enclosed. A bridge 
across Scioto river connects it with Franklinton. Pop* 12,000. 

Upon the southwest corner of the public square stands the State House, 
fronting the west, a brick edifice with two elevated stories, 75 feet long 
by 50 wide, with a handsome cupola, the top of the spire of which is ele- 
vated 106 feet above the ground, and from the balcony of which a beauti- 
ful view is presented of the city, the winding Scioto, and of the surround- 
ing country. It contains a Representatives' Hall on the lower floor, and 
a Senate-chamber immediately above. Near it stands a building for the 
public officers of the state. The State Penitentiary is an elegant and sub- 
stantial edifice, half a mile north of Broad-street. The Asylum for the 
Deaf and Dumb stands half a mile east of the State-house. The State 
Lunatic Asylum is on Broad-street, east of the State-house. The Institu- 
tion for the Blind is situated near the asylums. The Theological Semi- 
nary of the German Lutherans is on elevated ground, three-fourths of a 
mile south of the State-house. 

Columbus has 17 churches, many of which are very elegant buildings. 
A canal eleven miles long connects it with the Ohio canal at Lockbourne. 
Columbus was incorporated as a city in 1834. Stages leave daily for 
Wheeling, Va. ; for Cincinnati, and for Portsmouth ; three times a week 
for Cleveland ; and for Sanduskp City. 

Zanksville is beautifully situated on the left bank of Muskingum 
river, opposite the mouth of Licking river, 73 miles from Wheeling. 
The National road runs through it, and crosses the Muskingum by a fine 
bridge. The village contains an elegant court-house, a market- house, two 
academies, an atheneum with a reading-room, a cabinet of minerals, and 
a library of 9,000 volumes, a juvenile lyceum with a reading-room and 
library, a bank, 14 churches, several extensive flouring-mills and ironworks, 
and 7000 inhabitants — includnig the suburbs, 10,000. From this place the 
Muskingum, by dams and locks, has been made navigable to its mouth 
on the Ohio. The site of the town was granted to Ebenezer Zane, by 
Congress, as a reward for opening a bridle track from Wheeling to Mays- 
ville. The village was laid out and the first cabin built in 1799. Stages 
leave daily for Maysville, Ky. ; fur Cincinnati, and for Wheeling ; three 
times a week for Marietta, and for Cleveland via Massillon. 

Cambridge is situated on the east side of Wills creek, a branch of the 
Muskingum river, over which is a fine bridge. It contains a court-house, 
an academy, 4 churches, and 1,()00 inhabitants. (See route 275.) 

St. Clairsville occupies an elevated situation on the National road, 
11(> miles from Cincinnati, and 11 from Wheeling, and contains six 
churches, a court-house, a bank, an academy, and 1,500 inhabitants. 
Stages pans dailfj from Wheeling and from Columbus. 

Marietta, named in honor of the unfortunate Maria Antoinette, is 
pleasantly situated on the Muskingum river, at its entrance into Ohio 
river, 196 miles below Pittsburg. Population 2000. It is neatly built and 
contains a court-house, a United States Land-office, 7 churches, a bank, a 
lyceum, a female academy, a public library, and the Marietta Collegiate 
Institute, founded in 1832. The Institute has 7 professors or other in- 
structors, 170 students, and 3, .500 volumes in its libraries. Manual labor is 
connected with it. The commencement is on the last Wednesday ia 




118 STATE OF OHIO. 

July. Steamboats pass daily from, Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Src, Src. 
Stases leave three times a week for ZanesvMe, and twice a week Jor 
Wheeling, Va. 

Athens is prettily situated on the left bank of the Hocking river, 73 
_^:^ - • miles from Columbus, and 

contains a court-house, 3 
churches, the buildings of 
the Ohio University, an acad- 
emy, and 800 inhabitants. 
; The Ohio University was 
^founded in 1819, and en- 
^dowed with two townships 
pof land. It has 8 professors, 
149 alumni, 1C6 students, 
and 2,5tl0 volumes m its libraries. The commencement is on the first 
Wednesday in August. Stages leave 3 times a week for Columbus via 
Lancaster. 

Gallipolis has a pleasant situation on the right bank of Ohio river, 
on elevated ground, 300 miles, by river, from Pittsburg. It contains a 
court-house, three churches, a bank, an academy, and about 1,700 inhabi- 
tants. An ancient mound lies near the village. Steamboats pass dailj/ 
from Pittsburg and Cincinnati. 

CiRCLEViLLE lies on the left bank of Scioto river, 97 miles from Cin- 
cinnati. Tiie village contains an elegant court-house, 6 public offices, 6 
churches, a bank, an academy, and about 3.000 inhabitants. The Ohio 
canal passes through the place, and crosses the river in a fine aqueduct, 
and there is here an extensive water-power. Within the limits of the 
town are two mounds or tumuli, one of which is square, and the other 
of a circular form ; from the latter the place derives its name. 

Chillicothe, once the capital of the state, is handsomely situated on 
the right bank of Scioto river, 98 miles from Cincinnati. The village is 
built between Paint creek on the south and the Scioto on the north, the 
streams being three-fourths of a mile apart. It has a court-house, two 
markets, a United States Land-office, a bank, 13 churches, two academies, 
and 7,000 inhabitants. The Ohio canal passes through it. Near the 
village is a hill from which a fine view is obtained. In the vicinity, on 
Paint creek, and even on what is now occupied by the town, formerly 
stood several ancient tumuli, or mounds. StJiges pass through daily 
for Znnesville ; for Columbus ; for Portsmouth ; and for Maysville, Ky, 

Portsmouth is situated on the right bank of the Ohio river, at the en- 
trance of the Scioto river, 105 miles above Cincinnati. The Ohio canal, 
which connects Lake Erie with the Ohio river, terminates at this place. 
The village contains a court-house, 5 churches, a bank, and about 2,500 
inhabitants. Here are a number of mills and manufactories. Iron ore 
and coal abound in the vicinity. The town is supplied with water from 
the Ohio river, raised by steam-power. Steamboats pass daily for Wheel- 
ing, Pittsburg, (S'c., and for Cincinnati. Stages leave daily for Columbus. 

Steubenville is situated on the west bank of the Ohio river, 80 miles 
below Pittsburg, by the river, and is regularly laid out. It contains a 
court-house, an elegant town-house, a bank, two acadejnies, 11 churches, 
several extensive manufacturing establishments, and 7,000 inhabitants. 
Stages leave daily for Pittsburg : three times a week for Washington, 
Pa. ; for Cambridge ; and for Canton ; and twice a week for Dover 
(fitfi route 620.) 




STATE OF OHIO. 119 

New Lisbon, situated on a branch of Little Beaver river, 59 miles from 
Pittsburg, contains a court-house, a bank, 7 cliurches, several manufac- 
tories, and about 2,000 inhabitants. 

PA.INKSVILI.E is situated on elevated ground, on the left bank of Grand 
river, three miles from Lake Erie and 29 from Cleveland. It has a eourt- 
liouee, 4 churches, an academy, a bank, and 1,500 inhaliilants. Fairport, 
two miles north, is near the mouth of Grand river where there is a good 
harbor. Willoughby, 11 miles southwest from Painesville, contains the 
Willoughby Medical College, two churches, and 700 inhabitants. Tiio 
College, chartered in 1834, has 9 professors and 126 students. The 
lectures commence on the last Monday in October. Stages leave Paines- 
ville daily for Buffalo via Erie ; and for Cleveland. 

Cleveland is situated on an elevated plain at the entrance of Cuyahoga 
river into I^ake Erie, 
195 miles from Buf J},Ij^ 
falo. Its harbor is 
one of the best on 
the lake, spacious 
and safe. The city 
IS regularly laid out, 
and near its centif. 
is a large puotic 
square. The bluff on which it is built is 80 feet above the level of the 
lake, from which an extensive and beautiful view is obtained, overlooK 
ing the meanderings of the Cuyahoga, the shipping in the harbor, and the 
passing vessels on the lake. The city contains a court-house, 4 banks, a 
lyceum, a reading-room, five academies, twenty churches, and about 
14,000 inhabitants. The Ohio canal terminates here. The Medical De- 
partment of the Western Reserve College, founded in 1844, has seven 
professors and 111 students. The lectures commence on the first Wedneu- 
day in November. The Western Reserve College is at Hudson, 24 miles 
southeast from Cleveland. The village contains several churches and 
about 1,000 inhabitants. The College, founded in 1826, has a president, 
12 professors, 82 alumni, 320 students, 6,500 volumes in its libraries, and an 
extensive philosophical apparatus. The commencement is on the second 
Wednesday in August. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for 
Buffalo ; and for Detroit, <S-c. Stages leave daily for Buffalo via Erie, 
Pa. ; for Toledo via Sand^tsky ; and for Pittsburg, Pa. ; three times 
a week for Zanesville via Jlkron, Massillon, &-c. Canal boats leave daily 
for Portsmouth and the intermediate places. (For route see canals in Ohio.) 

Akron is situated on the Ohio canal, 38 miles from Cleveland. The 
caniil, by a succession of locks, rises to the Portage summit. From the 
waste water of the canal, and from the Little Cuyahoga, an immense 
water-power has been created. The village contains a court-house, 8 
cluirches, an academy, several extensive mnnufacturing establishments, 
and 3,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Cleveland. 

Cuyahoga Fall.s is on the Cuyahoga river, five miles from Akron. 
Tlie river here passes through a deep channel in the rocks, and by succes- 
sive cascades falls in a short distance 240 feet, causing an immense water- 
power, which has been made extensively available. The village has four 
churches, a lyceum, an academy, and about 1,200 inhabitants. 

Massillon, situated on the left bank of the Tuscarawas river, and 
on the Ohio canal, contains a bank, seven churches, and about 2,000 
inhabitants. 




120 STATE OF OHIO. 

Coshocton is situated on the left bank of the Musliingum river, and 
contains 4 churches, a court-house, and about 700 inhabitants. 

Newark, 39 miles from Columbus, is on the Ohio canal. It has a 
court-house, two academies, 9 churches, and about 3,000 inhabitants. 
Granville, 6 miles from Newark, contains 6 churches, 3 seminaries, and 
about 1,000 inliabitants. Granville College, one mile east of the village, 
was founded in 1832, and has a president, 4 professors, 25 students, and 
3,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the 2d Wednesday 
m August. Stages leave fur Zanesville via J^ewurk 3 times a week. 

Mt. Vernon, situated on Owl creek, a branch of Muskingum river, 51 

miles from Columbus, con- 
tains a court-house, ten 
ch'irches, several manu- 
facturing establishments, 
and two thousand five hun- 
dred inhabitants. Gam- 
K bier, five miles from Mt. 
Vernon, is the seat of 
Kenyon College, founded in 1826, (under the direction of the Episco- 
palians,) which has a president, 7 professors, 115 alumni, 57 students, 
and 10,000 volumes in its libraries. The village contains 2 churches, an 
academy, and 300 inhabitants. Stages leave Mt. Vernon "i times a week 
for Cleveland; and also for Columbus. 

WoosTER, situated on Killbuck creek, 93 miles from Columbus, con- 
tains a court-house, a United States Land-office, 8 churches, a baiik, an 
academy, and 3,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Pitts- 
burg, Pa. ; for Cleveland ; for Sandusky City ; for Cincinnati via Colum- 
bus ; and for Zanesville. 

Elyria, 116 miles north from Columbus, and 24 west from Cleveland, is 
pleasantly situated on a plain between the two brandies of Black river, 
which L'.nite half a mile below the village, and each of which has a 
perpendicular fall of about 40 feet on opposite sides of the village, af- 
fording extensive water-power. It contains a court-house, six churches, 
an academy, several manufactories, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave 
daily for Cleveland, and for Toledo. 

Oberlin, 8 miles from Elyria, is the seat of Oberlin Collegiate Institute, 
which embraces a male and female department, both on the manual- 
labor system. It was founded in 1834, and has a president, 15 professors 
or other instructors, and 400 students. Stages arrive from, and depart for 
Elyria daily. 

Mansfield is 63 miles from Columbus and 69 from Sandusky. It is 
prettily situated on elevated ground, and has a court-house, 7 churches, an 
academy, and 2.500 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for 
Sandusky, Stages leave 3 times a week for Columbus ; for Wooster ; 
and for Bucyms, 

Sandusky City is situated on the south side of Sandusky boy, 3 miles 
distant from Lake Erie, and .57 miles from Cleveland. During the sum- 
mer months it is enlivened by the commerce and travel of the lakes, giving 
it a bustling appearance. It is a rapidly improving town, and contains six 
fine churches, an academy, and about 3,000 inhabitants. Immense 
quantities of superior building-stone are quarried here. Cars leave daily 
for Cincinnati via Springfield, <S-c. ; and also for Mansfield. Stages 
leave for Cleveland and for Toledo; 3 times a week for Wooster. 

Toledo is situated on the left bank of Maumee river, near its entrance 



STATE OF OHIO. 121 

into Maumee bay, 130 miles from Cleveland. The village contains be- 
tween two and three thousand inhabitaiits, and since the completion of 
the Wabash and Erie canal, it is rapidly growing into importance. A 
great number of steamboats, canal boats, and vessels on the lake are 
constantly arriving here and departing. Cars arrive from, and de- 
part daily for Hillsdale, Mich., via .Adrian. Stages leave for Cleveland, 
and canal packets for La Fayette, la- ; and also for Cincinnati. 

Maumke City, on the left bank of Maumee river, contains a court- 
house, 5 churches, and 1,200 inhabitants. The water-power is inexhausti- 
ble, and already gives motion to several mills and manufactories. Perrys- 
burg, nearly opposite to Maumee City, contains a court-house, three 
churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. (See route 307.) 

Bellefontaine (named from the fine springs of limestone water with 
which it is supplied) is 118 miles north of Cincinnati. It has a court- 
house, several churches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants. Cars leave 
daily for Cincinnati ; and for Sandusky City. 

Springfield, situated on the left bank of Mad river, 85 miles from 
Cincinnati, has a court-house, nine churches, two academies, several 
extensive mills and manufactories, and 3,500 inhabitants. Cars arrive 
froTTit and depart daily for Cincinnati, and for Sandusky City ; stages 
daily for Wheeling, Va. ; for Cleveland ; and for Indianapolis. 

Yellow^ Springs is 9 miles S. from Springfield. It is much resorted to 
as a watering-place, having a commodious hotel and numerous cottages, 
spread over green lawns and amidst delightful groves. The waters are 
strongly impregnated with sulphur, and possess valuable medicinal prop- 
erties. 

Xenia is pleasantly situated on a branch of Little Miami river, and 
contains a court-house, 10 churches, and about 3,000 inhabitants. Cars 
arrive from, and depart daily for Cincinnati; stages for Columbus ; and 
also for Sandusky City ; three times a week for the Yellow Springs. 

Sidney is situated on the west branch of the Great Miami river, 106 
miles from Cincinnati, and contains a court-house, 6 churches, an 
academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Cincinnati. 

Dayton is situated on the left bank of Great Miami river, just below 
its junction with Mad river, 52 miles from Cincinnati. It is regularly laid 
out, with spacious streets. The city contains a court-house and county 
offices, a banking-house, a market-house, two academies, a female semi- 
nary, 15 churches, and about 12,000 inhabitants. There are a number of 
extensive mills and factories. The Miami canal passes through the 
place. Stages leave daily for Cincinnati, for Columbus, for Indianapolis, 
la., and for Sydney. 

Hamilton, situated on the left bank of Great Miami river, 23 miles 
from Cincinnati, has a courthouse, 7 churches, a bank, a female seminary, 
and 1,800 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Cincinnati and for 
Dayton. 

Oxford, 12 miles from Hamilton, is situated on a branch of Great 
Miami river. The village contains the building of Miami University, 
several churches, an academy, and about 800 inhabitants. The University 
was founded in 1809, and endowed by the Congress of the United States 
with 36 square miles of land ; it now yields an annual income of $4,500, 
and is constantly increasing. This institution has a president, 5 pro- 
fessors, 309 alumni, 150 students, and 4,500 volumes in its libraries. Stages 
leave 3 times a week for Cincinnati; and for Indianapolis. 

6 



RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, 

THROUGH 

THE CENTRAL STATES. 



(206) F'M New York' 
To Philadklphia. I 

Steamboat. I I | 
To Jersey City ..1 I 1 

JVezo Jersey R, R. \ 

Newark 81 9i 

Elizabethtowii .. b\ \\\ 

Riihway 5i 19| 

Metiicliin 7 l26i 

Flemington 21 29 \ 

Freemiin's 1 30 

Campbell's 2 32 ] 

N. Brunswick. Ik 33i 

Trenton &r J^. Bruns-\ 

wick R. R, 

Dean's Pond 8 41i 

Kingston 4 45i 

Princeton </epo^ . 4s aO 

Trenton 10 bO 

Philadelphia iS,- Trenton 

Raiiroad. 
Tullytown, Pa...| 6| 6(5 
Bristol 4 70 

Steamboat. I 

PHILA.DELPHI.4...204i90J 

(207) F'M New York 
TO Philadelphia. 

Steamboat. I I 

South Amboy ...| I 27 

Cijmden <$- Amboy R. R. 

South River 5 33 

Sootswood , 6 38 

VVest's 4 42 

Prospect Plains.. 3 45 

Hightstown 4 49 

Centreville 4 53 

Hungry Hill 3 56 

Sandhills 2 58 

BORDENTOWN .. 5 63 

Kincora 4 67 

Burlington 4 71 

Rancocas 6 77 

Brick Sta. House 7 84 

Camden 5 89 

Steambont. 

Philadelphia.. 1 90 



(208) F'M New York 
TO Easton, Pa. 
Steamboat. I I 
To Elizabethportl I 15 
Elizabethtown ^ Som- 
I erville R. R. 



m 

231 
26l 
28i 

4 3oi 
5140^ 



Elizabethtown .. 

Westfield 

Scotch Plains 

PJainfield 

Newmarket 

Boundbrook 

Somerville 

Somerville and Easton 

Railroad. 
North Branch 
Whitehouse .. 

Lebanon. 

Clinton 

Perry ville 

Bloomsbury ., 
Easton , 



(209) F'M New York 
TO Milford. 

To Newark— j I 

(see No. 206) ..| I 9i 
Morris ^ Essex R. R 

Orange 4 13J 

Millville 6!19| 

Summit 3 22^ 

Chatham 3 25i 

Madison 2J 28 

MORRISTOWN ... 4| 32i 
Morris Plains.... 1 3i 36 

Dover 5 41 

Stage. 

Stanhope 12 53 

Andover 6 59 

Augusta I 5 64 

Sandystown 12 76 

Milford, Pa....| 6 82 

(209i) F'M New York 
TO Easton. 

To Morristown — I I 
i (seexVo. 209)..| 1 32 



Mendham 6j' 39 





5 

6 


44 


Schooley's Mt'n. 


50 


Mansfield 


11 


61 


New Village .... 


6 


67 


Easton 


H 


7'4 


(210) F'M New York 


TO Paterson 




To Jersey City . . 




1 


JV. Jersey R. R. 






Bergen Junction. 


1* 


ii* 


Paterson R. R, 






Seacausus 


2i 


5 


Boiling Spring .. 


4 


9 


Passaic Bridge .. 


2 


11 


Aquackanonck .. 


f 


111 


Ackermnn's 


1 


m 


Paterson 


3|il6i 


Paterson SrRamapoRR. 


Franklin 


74 24 


West Milford.... 


5 2fl 


Ramapo 


2 31 


(211) F'M NewB 


runs 


WICK to L'g Branch. 


To South River.. 




5 


Spots wood ...... 

MiddletownPoiiit 


5 


If) 


9 


19 


Middletown 





VA 


Leedsville 


5 


29 


Red Bank 


3 


3'J 


Shrewsbury 


2 


34 


Long Branch.. 


5 


3» 


(213) F'M Trent 


onto 


Long Branc 


H. 


To Yard ville .... 







Allentown 


6 


Vi 


Hightstown 


7 


19 


Cranberry 


c 


22 


English town 


9 


31 


Freehold 


b 
5 


;^ 


Colt's Neck 


42 


Eatontown 


7 


49 


Long Branch .. 


3 


sa 


(214) F'M Trent 


onto 


Mansfield 




To Pennington... 


1 1 s 


Woodsville 


\h 


1 13 



ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA. 



123 



Ringoes 

Flemington., 

Clinton 

Clarksville .. 
Mansfield . 



6 


19 


H 


iio 


12 


37 


5 


42 


5 


47 



(215) Fr'm Philadel. 
phia to tuckerton 
To Camden, N. J. 

Evesham 11 

Atsion 17 

Sooy's Inn 12 

Bass River Hotel. 8 
TuCKERTON 5 



(216) Fr'm Philadel- 
phia TO Absecombe. 

ToCamden,N. J. 1 

Haddontield 6 7 

Long-a-Coming.. 9 16 

Winslow 10 26 

May's Landing ..19 45 

Bargaintown 14 59 

Absecombe I 7 66 

(217) F'm Philadel'a 
TO Cape Island, 

Via Tuckahoe. 

To Camden, N.J. 1 

Chew's Landing . 9 10 

Good Intent 3 13 

Cross Keys 5 18 

Tuckalioe 35 £3 

Dennis' Creek.... 9 62 
Cape Island — 
(see No. 217) ... 23 85 

(218) F'm Philadel'a 
TO Cape Island, 

Via Bridgeton. 

To Camden. N.J.I I 1 

Camden Sr Woodbury 
Railroad. 

Woodbury 

Stase. 
Carpenter's Land 

ing 3 12 

Mnllicu Hill 5 17 

Pitt'^; Grove 9 26 

Deerfield 8 34 

Bridgeton 6 40 

Millviile 11 51 

Port Elizabeth.... 6 57 

Leesburg 5 

Dennis' Creek 7 69 

Goshen 4 73 

Cape May 4 

Cold Spring 12 

Cape Island 3 



Camden Sr Woodbury 
Railroad. 

Woodbury 8 9 

Stage. 
Clarksboro' .. 
Swedesboro' . 
Sharpstown .. 
Salem 



13 

19 

26 

91 35 



(220) Fr'm Philadel 
PHIA TO Bingham 
TON, N. Y., 

Via Easton Sr Wilkes 
barre. 

To Rising Sun ... 4 

Milestown 2 6 

Abington 5 11 

Wiilow Grove ... 2 13 

Horsham 3 16 

Doyiestown 8 24 

Danboro' 3 2 

Ottsvilie 6 33 

Bucksviile 3 36 

Monroe 4 40 

Raubsville 6 46 

Easton 4 

Nazareth 

Jacobsburg 

WmdGap 

Shafer's 

Mt. Pocono 

Stoddartsville 

Bear Creek 

WiLKESBARRE .. 

Kingston 

Wyoming 

Exeter 

North Moreland.. 

Eaton 

Tunkhannock .. 

Lynn 

Springville 

Dimock 

Montrose 

Lawsville Centre. 

Conklin 

Binghamton 



50 
58 
61 
65 
72 
80 
92 
100 
lOlllO 

nil 

115 
124 

130 
136 
138 
149 
153 
157 
164 
176 
183 
71190 



92 

(219) F'm Philadel'a 

TO Salem. 
To Camden, N. J.I I 1 



(221) F'm Philadel'a 
TO Northumberl'd, 
Via JVorristown, Read- 
ing, 6;- Pottsville. 

Philadelphia, Rending, 
Sr Pottsville RR. 

To Bridge 

Falls 

Manayunk 

Conshohocken 
Norristovvn. 
Valley Forge.. 

Phenixville 

Pottstown 

Douglassville.. 
Baumstovvn ... 



Reading 

iMohrsville 

Hamburg 

Tunnel.... 1500 ft. 

I*(jrt Clinton 

Landringsville ... 
Schuylkill Haven 

Pottsville 

Stage. 
Fountam Spring.. 

Bear Gap 

Shamokin 

unbnry 

Northumberl'd 



56 
66 
72 

76 
83 

87 
92 

105 
117 
122 
134 
135 



(222) F'M Philadel'a 
to Corning, N.Y., 

Via Reading, JVorth- 
umberland, and Wil- 
lianisport. 

To Northumber- 
land 135 

Milton 12 147 

McEwensville 4 151 

Muncy 10161 

Montouresville ... 10 l/'I 

Williamsport.. 4175 

Williamsp't <Sr Elmira 

Railroad. 



Trout Run .. 
Stage. 

Liberty 

Blossburg. 



151190 



16206 
9;2I5 

Corning Sr Blossburg 
Railroad, 

Covington 5 220 

Manstield 5 225 

Tioga 8233 

Lawrenceville 7 240 

Lindleytown 3 243 

Erwin Centre 3 246 

Corning 9 255 



121 39 
43 

481 



(223) F'M Philadel'a 
to Harrisburg, 
Via Lancaster. 

_ Columbia Railroad, 
To Head of In- 

dined Plane 

Whitehall 

Morgan's (Corner . 

Reeseville 

Westchester'i'urn- 

out 

Paoli 

Whiteland 

Downingtown. 
Gallighersville... 

Coatsville 

Parksburg 

Penningtonville . 

NobJesville 

The Gap ^ oa 

Belleview J iJ 54 



21 

24 
30 
34 
21 36 
' 41 
46 
49 
51 
53 



124 



ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA. 



Kinzie's 2 56 

l.eriiiin's 8 59 

Paradise 1 bO 

Concord 1 61 

Enterprise b 64 

Lancaster 1 71 

Harrisburs &' Lancas- 
ter RaiLruiid 



Mt. Joy 
Kliziibetlilown . 

Tunnel 

Middletown .... 
Harrisburg — I 9 



(224) F'm Philadel'a 
TO Pittsburg, 

Via Harrisburs o-nd 
Hullidat/sbarg. 

To Harrisburg 
(see No. 223).., 

Diiuphui 

Ben venue , 

Miilerstown 

Thonipsontovvn . 

Mexico 

Mirtiiutown 

Lewistown — 
Strode's Mills ... 

WcVeytown 

Atkinson's Mills. 

Mill Creek 

Huntingdon ! 5 

Alexandria 

Water Street 

Yellow Springs .. 

Canoe Creek 

Frnnkstown 

HOLLIDAYSBURG. 

Duncansville 

Summit 

Munster 

Ebensburg 

Armagh 

Blairsville 

New Alexandria . 
Salem ;>< Roads .. 

Murrnysville 

Wilkmsl)urg 



106 
114 
121 

136 
142 
148 
lil 

163 
168 
174 
179 
188 
193 
199 
201 
207 
212 
217 
220 
222 
231 
236 
240 
259 
2/3 
283 
81291 
71298 
111309 
Pittsburg I 81317 

(225) F'm Philadel'a 

to Pittsburg, 

l^ia Columbia (Sr Cham.' 

bersburg. 

Columbia Railroad. 
To Lancaster— 

(see No. 223) ... 71 

Dillerviile 1 72 

Mountvilie ... 7 79 

Columbia 4 

Wriglitsville 1 

York ^- WrishtsviUe 
Railroad. 

Hoover's I 6| 90 

York-. I 6l 96 



Stnge. I 

Parmer's , 9 10) 

Abbottstown 5 110 



New Oxford 4 



Gettysburg. 

Ciislitovvii 

i''ayetteville 

L'hambersburg, 

St. 'I'lioiiias 

Liiudoii 

M'Connellsburg . 

Harrisoiiville 

Kay's Hill 

Bloody Run 

Bedford 

Schellsburg 

Stoyestown 

Laurel Hill 

Laughlinlown... 

Ligonier 

Youngstown . ... 

Greensburg 

Adamsburg 

Stewartsville 

Turtle Creek .... 

E. Liberty 

Pittsburg 



10 



(225i) F'm Philadel'a 
TO Pittsburg, 

Via Harrisburg and 
Chambersburg. 

To Harrisburg I I 

(see No. 223) ...1 il06 

Cumberland Valley 

Railroad. 

Shiremantown ... 5111 

Mechanicsburg... 3114 

Carlisle 10 124 

Newville 12136 

Shippensburg 10 146 

Green Village 6 152 

Chambersburg. 4 156 

Stage. 
Pittsburg — 
(see No. 225) ...150 306 

(226) F'm Philadel'a 

TO Erie, 
Via Harrisburg,Belle- 

fonte, i,- Meadville. 
To Lewistown— 

(see No. 224)... 163 
Brown's Mills.... 5 168 

Valley 4 172 

Potter's Mill 7 179 

Old Fort 4 183 

Bellefonte — 9 192 

Milesburg 2194 

Philipsburg 26 220 

CleHrtteld 15 235 

Curwinsville 6241 

Luthprsbnrg 13 2 4 

Bro(,kville 22 27f; 

Strattonsville 14 290 



Clarion 

Shippenville 
Cranberry ... 

Franklin 

Sugar Creek. 
Meadville. 
KocKilule. ... 
VVaterford... 
Erie 



294 

198 
31/ 
o20 
3:-2 
344 
3.>6 
3H6 
380 



(227) F'm Philadel'a 
TO Mauch Chunk, 

Via JiUentown. 

To Rising Sun ... 

Germantown 

Chesnut Hill .... 

White Marsh 

Upper Dublin ... 
Montgomeryville 
Line Lexington . 
Seller's Tavern.. 

Bunker Hill 

(iuakertown 

Coopersburg 

Allentown 

North Whitehall 

Lehigh Gap 

Parrysville 

Lehighton 

Mauch Chunk* 





4 


3 


7 


3 


10 


:s 


13 


2 


15 


6 


21 


4 


25 


H 


31 


3 


34 


3 


37 


6 


43 


8 


51 


8 


59 


10 


69 


5 


74 


3 


77 


4 


81 



* Fr'm Mauch Chunk 
TO Berwick. 

To Lansnnne. 

Beaver Meadows 

Hazleton 

Conyngham 

Nescopeck 

Berwick 



11 

15 
21 
10! 31 

li 32 



(228) F'm Philadel'a 
TO P'rt Deposit, Md. 



Kingsessing 

Darby 

Gibbons' Tavern . 

Nether Provi- 
dence 

Lima 

Ivy Mills 

Concordville 

Chadd'sFord .... 

Haniorton 

Kennett's Square. 

Avondale 

Westgrove 

New London X 
Roads 

Brick Meeting, 
house, Md 

Port Deposit. . . 



58 



(229) F'm Philadel'a 

toSomerville, N.J. 

To Milestown....! I 6 

Abington I 51 ij 



ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA. 



125 



2 


13 


ii 


lo 


4 


19 


9 


28 


H 


84 


1 


li'i 


« 


41 


H 


47 


7 


54 


9 


68 



Willow Grove , 

Hatboro' 

Hiirtsville 

Buckingham... 

Nkw Hope 

LunibertsvilJe, NJ 

Ringoes 

Fleniinj^ton . 
Centrevilie .. 

SOMERVILLE 



(230) F'm Philabel'a 

TO Baltimore, 

Via Wilmington. 

Philadelphia, TVilmint 

ton, 6r Baltimore RR 

To Gray's Ferry 

Lazaretto 7 

Chester 4 

Marcus' Hook.... 3 
Naaman's Creek 
Wilmington... 

Newport 

Stanton 

Newark 6 

Elkton (j 

Northeast 6 

Charlestown 3 

Cecil 

Havre de Grace . . 1 
Hall's X Roads 

Ferryman's. 

Gunpowder ..., 

Harewood 2| 

Chase's 1| 

Stemmer's Run .. o| 

Canton 7^94 

Baltimore 3 97 



Trenton (S- JV. Brums 
wick RR. 

Princeton 10| 3i 

Kingston 41 43 

New Brunswick. . il4| 

JVe?o Jersey RR. 



81 



From Philadelphia 
TO Baltimore 

Steamboat. 
To Fort Mifflin 

Chester 10 18 

Marcus' Hook 4 22 

New Castle 13 35 



J^Tew Castle (^ French 
town RR. 

Frenchtown 

Steamboat. 
Turkey Point.... 

Pool's Island 

North Point 

Fort McHenry... 
Baltimore 



16 

16 

23 

13 103 
9112 
3115 



(231) F'm Philadel'a 

to Boston. 

Steamboat. 

To Bristol I I 19 

Phila. (Sr Trenton RR. 

Morrisville I 9| 28 

Trenton | l| 291 



Metuchin 

Rah way 

Elizabethtowu 

Newark 

Jersey City 

Steamboat. 
New York.. . 
Boston— 
(see No. 122) . 



,.214 



302 



(232) Fr'm Easton to 

MlLFORD. 

To Martin's Creek 8 

Richmond 5 13 

Stone Church 2 15 

Mt. Bethel 2 17 

Dill's Ferry 2 19 

Uutotsburg 5 24 

Oaig's Meadow . 6 30 

Codlbaugh's 4 34 

Bushkill 4 

Delaware 6 

Dingman's Ferry. 6 

MiLFORD.. 6 



New Albany , 
Monroetown , 

To WANDA ... 



44 
50 
56 

(233) Fr'm Easton TO 
Carbondale. 

To Belfast 6 

WindGiip 10 16 

Snydersville 6 22 

Bartonsville 5 27 

Stanhope 7 34 

Denton 10 44 

Sterling 8 52 

Hamilton 5 57 

Canaan 7 64 

Waymart 6 70 

Carbondale 6 76 

(234) Fr'm Easton to 

ToWANDA, 

Via Mauch Chunk and 
Berwick, 

To Bath 

Cherry vilie 

Lehigh Gup 

Lehighton 

Mauch Chunk.. 

Liiusanne 

Beaver Meadows. 

Hazleton 

Conyngham.v 

Zeisersville 

Nescopeck 

Berwick 

Fishing Creek 

Fairmount Spr'gs 
Cherry 211071 



61113 

8121 
4(125 

(235) From Wilkes- 
barre to Hones- 
dale. 

To Plainsville 5 

Pittston Ferry.... 4 9 

Lackawanna 4 13 

Hyde Park 4 17 

Providence 3 20 

Blakeley 3 23 

Carbondale 6 29 

Waymart 6 35 

Honesdale 9 44 



(236) F'm Pottsvillk 
TO Mauch Chunk. 

To Port Carbon . . 2 

Middleport 6 8 

'I'amaqua 9 17 

Summit Hill 5 22 

Mauch Chunk . . 8 30 

(237) F'm Lancaster 
TO Reading. 

To Neffsville 4 

Litiz 4 8 

Ephratah 8 16 

Reamstown 4 20 

Adamstown 5 25 

Reading 9 34 



(238) F'm Lancaster 
to norristown. 

To Leacock 7 

New Holland 5 12 

Churclitown 7 19 

Morgantown 4 23 

Marsh 5 28 

E. Nantmeal 4 32 

Chester Springs .. 7 39 

Phosnixville 4 43 

Railroad. 
Norristown 1101 53 

(239) F'm Lancaster 
TO Port Deposit, 
Md. 

To Willow Street 5 

Smithville 4 9 

Buck 4 13 

Chesnut Level.... 4 17 

Greene 3 20 

Pleasant Grove... 4 24 

Rock Springs, Md 3 27 

Rowlandsville 3 30 

Port Deposit... 5 35 

(240) F'm Harrisburg 
TO Easton, 

Via Reading. 
ToHummellstownl I 9 
Palmyra | 5| I4 



126 



ROUTES IN PENNSYLVANIA. 



5 


19 


5 


24 


7 


HI 


8 


84 


4 


;« 


9 


4; 1 


r) 


Hi 


S 


m 


(< 


m 


;, 


A 


f) 


79 


8 


«7 


H 


98 


4 


97 i 


9 


106 

i 



Annville ] 5 

Lkbanon 1 5 

Myerstown 

Stouchbnrg .. . 
Wolme.sdurt'. . 
Sinking Spring 

Reading 

Maiden (Jreek. 

Kutztown 

KodiDcksvilie . 
Trexlertciwii.. . 

A'.LENTOVVN.. 

Betlilelieni ... 

Bot/.town 

Kaston 

(241) F'm Harrisburg 
TO Montrose, 

Via jSTortliumberland &r 
IViikesburre. 



To Dauphin 1 ^ 

Henvenue | 7 

New Buffi, lo I 4 

Montgomery's 

Ferry 

Liverpool 

McKee's Half 

F.iils 12 

Chapman 2 

yelin's Grove 9 

Shamokm Uam .. 4 

SUNBURY 2: 

NORTHUMBER 

LAND 1 

Diinville 13, 

Catu wissa. .. 
Bioonisburg. 

^spy 

Berwick 

Beech Grove 



C243) Fr'm Northum- 
berland TO Lkvvis- 

TOWN. 



To New Berlin. 

Middleliurg 

Benvertown .. .. 
Middle Creek... 
Levvistown... 



(244) Fr'm Northum- 

BERLANDTO ElMIRA, 

N. y. 

To Williamsport I I 

(see No. 242) ... I I 40 

Wikiamsp't &,' Elmira 

Railroad. 

Trout Run 15 55 

Riilstoii 10 6b\ 

Stage. 

Canton 

Alba 

Troy 

Columbia >^ R ds 

South Creek , 

Southport, N.Y., 
Elmira 



(245) Fr'm Northum- 
berland TO Holli- 
davsburg. 

To Lewisburg... 

Miffl iil)urg 

Haitletoii 

Aaronsburg 



10' 82i Millbeim 

51 87i:SpriMK Mills 

2: 89i Old Fo;t 

10^ 99i Bulesburg 

7 106 I'me Grove Mills 

Shicksbinny ilO 116 Bailey ville 

Nanticoke 1 6 122;, (Jolerain For^ 



WiLKESBARRE 

Montrose— 
(see No. 220) 



8130 
154184 



(242) Fr'm Northum- 
berland TO Belle- 
fonte, 

Via Williamsport and 
hock Haven. 



To Milton 

McEwensville... 

Muncy 

Montouresville .. 
Williamsport 

Newljerry 

Jersey Shore 

Dunnsburg 

Lock Haven ... 

Mill Hall 

Lamar ; 5 

Nittany j 4 



112 
4 16 
10 26 
lOi 36 



Water Street 
Hollidaysburg. 



(246) F'm Harrisburg 

to HAGERSTOWNjMd. 

Via Carlisle Sr Cham- 
bersburg. 

Cumberland Valley 

Railroad. 

To Shiremantown 5 

Mechanicsburg... 3 8 

(Jarlisle 10 18 

Newville 12 30 

Shippensburg 10 40 

(areen Village 6 46 

Chambersburg.I 4 50 
Franklin Railroad. 

Marion i 5| 55 

Green Castle 5 60 

State Line 5 65 



(247) F'm Harrisburg 
TO Baltimore, 
Via York. 
To New Cumber 

land , 

York Haven , 

Manchester 

York 

Baltimore <Sr Marylaied 
Line RR. 

Tunnel 

Sinyser's 

Heathcote 

Strasburg 

Baltimore &■ Susque- 
lianiia/i RR. 



Summit 

Whitehall 

Westerman's 

Clarksville 

Washington Fac. 

Melvale 

Baltimore 



(248) Fr'm Pittsburg 
TO Erie. 



To Alleghany..., 

Bakerstnwn 

Glade Mills 

Butler 

Brownington 

Slippery Rdck... 
North Liberty... 

Mercer 

Culbertson's 

Mead ville 

Woodcock 

Rockdale 

Waterford 

Erie 



1 

17 
23 
32 
44 
49 
52 
64 
79 
94 
102 
10(j 
116 
130 



BkLLEFONTE I 81 S^liHAGERSTOWN ...I 61 71 



(249) Fr'm Pittsburg 
TO Jamestown, N. 
York, 

Via Mercer, Franklin, 

&■ Warren, 
To Mercer.... 
Henderson — 
Franklin ... 
Cornplanter .. 

Perry 

Deerfield 

Irvine 

Warren — 
Russellburg .. 
Carroll, N.Y. 
Jamestown 



64 
76 
RS 
95 
110 
117 
129 
136 
143 
151 
157 



(250) Fr'm Pittsburg 

TO Cleveland, O. 

Via Beaver. 

To Alleghany 1 1 1 

Sewickly Bottom. Il3l 14. 



ROUTES IN DELAWiiRE. 



127 



Economy 

Freedom 

BEAVER 
arlington 

Petersburg, O. . . . 
New Middletown, 

Poland 

Boiirdman 

Canfield 

Ellsworth 

Frederick , 

Palmyra 

Edinburg 

Ravenna 

Franklin Mills 

Ptow 

Hudson 

'i'vvinsbuig 

Bedford 

Newburg 

Cleveland 



(251) Fr'm Pittsburg 
TO Wheeling, Va. 

To Herriottsville 
Cunnonsburg ... 

Washington 

Claysville 

W. Alexander .. 
Triadelphia, Va. 
Wheeling 



C251f ) F'm Pittsburg 
TO Steubenville, 
Ohio. 



To Fayetteville . 

Bavington 

Florence 

Paris 

Hollidays Cove, 

Va 

Steubenville, 

Ohio 



<252; Fr'm Pittsburg 

to wooster, o., 

l^ia Masillon. 

To Beaver 

industry 

Ohioville 

Little Beaver 

Bridge 

Calcutta 

New Lisbon 

Buck's 

New Garden 

New Alexander .. 

New Franklin 

Paris 

Osnabnrg 

Canton 

Masillon 

East Greenville... 

Dalton 

East Union 

WoOSTER 



(253) F'm Erie to B I 

FALO, N. Y. 

To Westleyville.. 

Harbor Creek 

Northeast 

Northville 

Ripley, N.Y 

Westfield 

Portland 

Salem t><l Roads... 

Fredonia 

Sheridan 

Silver Creek 

Irving 

Evans 

E. Evans 

Hamburg (on the 

Lake) 

Buffalo 



(254) From Erie to 
Cleveland, 

Via, Jishtabala and, 
Paiiiesviile. 



To Fairview 

Coneaut, Ohio .. 

Am boy 

Kingsville 

Ashtabula — 

Say brook 

(Jnionville 

Madison 

Perry 

Painesville ... 

Mentor 

Willoughby 

E. Eucbd 

Euclid 

Cleveland 



(255) Fr'm Pittsburg 
TO Maysville, Ky. 

Kia IVheelhig, Zaiies- 
viUe, (^ ChUlicotke. 

10 

18 



To Herriottsville . 

Cannonsburg 

Washington 

Claysville 

W. Alexander 

Tridelpiiiii, Va. .. 

Wheeling 

Bridgeport, O. ... 

St. Clairsville 

Morristown 

Fairview 

Middlebourn 

Washington 

Cambridge 

New Concord . 

Norwich 

Bridgeville 

Zanesville .. 
Maysville — 
(see No. 322) 



(256) Fr'm Pittsburq 
TO Baltimore, Md. 

Via Brownsville, Cum- 
berlavd, 6r Harper's 
Ferry. 

Steamboat. 

To Braddock's 

Field 

McKeesport... 
Elizabethtown .. 
MononguhelaC'y 



„ . ,11 

Belle vernon 113 

Cookstown. 

Brownsville 

Stage. 

Uniontown. 

Somertield.. 

Addison J 4 

Little Crossing, 

Md 13 

Frostbnrg Il3 

Cumberland |lO 

Baltimore (S- Ohio 
Little Cacapon.. 

Hancock 

Martnisburg,Va. 
-Harper's Ferry .. 
Frederick, Md... 
Ellicott's Mills.. 
Baltimore 



10 
Itj 
24 
35 
48 
50 
60 

72 
93 
97 

110 
li'3 
133 

R.R. 

21 '154 
341188 
23 1 211 
19 1 230 
20 250 
47 297 
141311 



(257) Fr'm Pittsburg 
to Clarksburg, Va. 

Steamboat. 
To Brownsville... 40 
Stage, 

Merrittstown 4 44 

Masontown 9 53 

New Geneva 5 58 

Morgantown, Va. 19 11 

Whiledav 10 87 

PalHtine Hill 7 94 

Boothsville 7101 

Bridgeport 13114 

Clarksburg 6120 

(258) F'm Wilmington 
to Eastville, Va. 

Via Dover and Snow 
Hill, Md. 

To Newcastle 5 

Red Lion 7 12 

St. George's 4 16 

Cantweli's Bridge 7 23 

Smyrna 12 35 

Dover 12 47 

Camden 3 50 

Canterbury 5 55 

Frederica 5 60 

Milford 8 68 

Milton . .. 12 80 

Georgetown .. 8 ^ 

MiUsburo' 8 96 



128 



ROUTES IN MARYLAND. 



Dagsboro' 

St. Martin's, Aid.. 

Berlin 

Newark 

Snow Hill 

Sandy Hill 

Horntown, Va. .. 

Accoman 

Mddestown 

Accumac C. H. .. 

Oniincock 

Piingoteague 

Beilluiven 

h raiiktovvn 

Eastvillk 



101 
111 

119 

I2y 
137 
9146 
l.)3 
Ib'U 
169 
179 
187 
191 
19, 
203 
215 



(259) Fr'm Elkton to 
Snow Hill. 

To Warwick 

Hejid of Sassafra: 
Georgetown X 

Roads , 

Chestertown 

Church Hill 

Ceiitreviile 

WyeMdIs 

Easton 

Trappe 

Cambridge 

Big Mills 

Vienna 

Barren 

Salisbury 

Snow Hill 



From Baltimore to 

Boston, 

Via Philadelphia and 

JVew York. 

(See No. 278) I 1398 

(260) F'm Baltimore 

to Columbia, Pa. 
Bait. S,- SiisQite'h RR. 



To Melvale 




4 


Washington Fac. 


2 


6 


Relay House 


1 


7 


Ryder's Lane 


2 


9 


Timoniuin 


2i 


lU 


<>larksville 


2i 


14 


Cockeysville 


1 


15 


VVesterman's 


2 


17 




3 


•^0 


Monkton Mills ... 


2V22. 


Whitehall 


3v2o 


Parkton 


2 28 

6 !34 


Freeland's 


Summit 


2 136 
Line 


York (^ Maryland 


Railroad. 




Strasburg 


2 


;* 


Heathcote's 


3 


41 


Smyser's 


5 


4i 


Tunnel 


4 


f,(. 


ITORK 


7 


57 



TVrightsville Sr York 
Railroad. 



Hoover's .... 
Wrightsville 
Columbia . . 



(261) F'm Baltimore 
to Harrisburo. 



Raili-oad. 






To York 




57 


Utage. 


Manchester 


6 


6:i 


York Haven 


4 


67 


New Cumberland. 


11 


1^. 


Harrisburo 


4 


82 


(26^2) F'm Baltimore 


to Pittsburg, 


Via Crettysburg and 


Chambersburg. 


To Pikesville 




8 


Keistertown 


S 


1h 


Westminster 


12 


2S 


Union Mills 


/ 


3o 


Littlestown, Pa. . 


7 


42 


Gettysburg 


10 


52 


Pittsburg— 






(see No. 22-3) ...] 


76 


228 



(263) F'm Baltimore 
to Wheeling, 

Via Harper's Ferry, 
Cumberland, &,' fVasli- 
ington. Pa. 

Bait. &r Ohio RR. 
To Relay House.. 

Avalon 

Ilchester 

Ellicott's Mills ... 

Elysviile 

Putney's Bridge.. 

Woodstock 

Marriottsville .... 

J?ykesville 

Hood's Mills 

Woodbine 

Mt. Airy 

Monrovia 

liamsville 

Reel's Mill 

Monocacy 

Frederick 

Doup's Switch... 
Point of Rocks ... 
Catoctin Switch . 

Berlin 

Knoxville 

Weverton 

Harper's Ferry 
Peacfier'sMilL... 
Hall Town Road . 

Duftield's 

Leetown Road . . . 





8 


1 


9 


3 


12 


2 


14 


6 


20 


3 


23 


1 


24 


4 


28 


3 


31 


3 


34 


3 


37 


H 


43 


6 


49 


4 


53 


4 


57 


1 


58 


3 


61 


4 


65 


4 


69 


2 


71 


4 


75 


3 


V8 


1 


79 


2 


81 


2 


83 


3 


8t^- 


1 


8: 


3 


90 



Kerneysville 

Drake's 

FlHgg's Mill 

Martinsburg... 

Warm Spring R'd 

Tabb's 

Hedgesville Road. 

Mj^er'sWater Sta- 
tion 

Hedgesville Depot 

N. Mountain Wa- 
ter Stiition 

Back Cr'k Bridge 

Runner's Ferry 
Road 

Licking Water 
Station 

Walnut Bend 

Hancock 

St. ,lohn's Kun ... 

(ireat Cacapon... 

Rockwell's Run.. 

Doe Giilley Tun'l. 

No. 12 Water Sta- 
tion 

Pawpaw Tunnel.. 

Little Cacapon. .. 

Green Spring Run 

Patterson's Creek. 

Cumberland 

iitagt. 

Frostburg 

Little Crossing . . . 

Addison, Pa 

Soniertield 

Uniontown 

Brownsville 

E. Bethlehem 

Beailsville 

Hiilsboro' 

Washington 

Claysvi.le 

W. Alexande 

Triarlelphia, Va.. 

Wheeling 



2 


92 


4 96 


2l 98 


2' 100 


2102 


1 


103 


2 


105 


1 


106 


1 


107 


2 


109 


2111 


2 


113 


3 


116 


2 


118 


5 


123 





128 


4 


i;f2 


7 


i;^ 


2 


141 


9 


150 


3 


153 


4 


i57 


7 


164 


6 


170 


8 


178 


10 


•188 


13 201 


13 


214 


4 


218 


21 


239 


12 


251 


6 


257 


3 


260 


3 


263 


17 


280 


10 


290 


7 


2.97 


4 


;^)i 


10 


311 



(264) F'm Baltimore 

TO Hancock, 
Via Frederick and Ha- 

gerstown. 
Baltimore £,- Ohio RR. 



To Frederick. 

Stagf. 
Middletown. 
Boonsboro'.. 
Funkstown.. 
Hngerstown , 
Clear Spring 
Park Head.. 
Hancock ... 



2 

11 98 
li 105i 
7ill3 

(265) F'm Baltimore 
TO Chambersburg. 

To Hh gerstown — I I 
(<eeN(..264) ... | 87 

State Line I 51 93 



ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. 



129 



(! reen Castle 

Marion 

CHAMBliRSBURG. 



5' 97 

5102 
61IO8 



(266) F'm Baltimore 
TO Washington, DC. 

Bait. &:■ Oliio RR. 

To Relay House..! 1 8 

Washington Br. RR. 



Elkridge Landing 

Junction 

Laurel Factory... 

Beltsville 

Bladeiisburs 

Washington — 



(267) F'm Baltimore 
to Annapolis. 

Railruad. 
To Elkridse Land- 
ing 10 

Junction 10 20 

Patuxent Forge .. 4 24 

Brotherton 6 30 

Annapolis 10 40 



(268) F'm Baltimore 
TO White Sulphur 
Springs, Va., 

J^'ia Harper's Ferry, 
(f'inchester, Sr Staun- 
ton. 
Bait. & Ohio RR. 

To Harper's Fer-i I 
ry, Va.— 
(see No. 263) ...| I 81 

Winchester Sr Potomac 
Railroad. 

Keys 

Halltovvn 

Charlestown 

Cameron's 

Thcimpson 

Stephenson's 

Winchester — 

Stage. 
Newtown Ste- 

phensburg 

Middietown 

Strasburg 

Tom's Brook 

Woodstock 

Stony Creek 

Red Banks 

]Vlt. Jackson 

Newmarket 

Spartapolis 

Harrisonburg 

Mt. Crawford 

Mt. Sidney 

Staunton 

•Jennings' Gap 

Deerlield 



4 185 

2 87 

4 91 

3 94 
4i98- 
9|108 

5 113 



121 

126 

131 

137 

143 

148 

152 

156 

163 

171 

182 

81190 

6196 

11207 

13i220 

loi235 



Cloverdale Hotel 

Green Valley 

Bath C. H 

Hot Springs 

Columbia Inn ... 

Callaghan's 

White Sulphur 
Springs.. 



(269) F'm Baltimore 
TO Wilmington, NC. 
f^ia JVorfulk &■ Gareys- 

bu/rg. 

Steamboat. 
To Fort McHenry 3 

North Pomt 10 13 

Stony Point 8 21 

Sandy Point 6 27 

Thomas's Point ..10 37 

Herrmg Bay 13 50 

Sharp's Island 9 59 

Core Point 20 79 

Cedar Point 10 89 

Pt. Lookout (m'th 

ot'P<itomacriv.)17 106 

Smith's Point 11 117 

Norfolk 81 198 

Portsmouth 1 199 

Portsmouth iSr Roanoke 
Railroad. 

Suffolk 17 216 

Carrsville 13 229 

Franklin Depot... 234 

Newsun's 13 247 

Margiiretsviiie, 

N. C 14261 

Stage. 

Gareysburg 12 273 

Weldon 5 278 

Wilmington iSr Raleigh 

Railroad. 
Wilmington— I I 
(see No. 2/3).. 11621440 

(270) F'mWashington 
to Annapolis. 

Railroad. 

To Bladensburg..! 

Beltsville 6 

Laurel Factory... 6 

Junction I 2 

Annapolis '20 



Allen's Fresh 

Newport 

Chapticc 

St. Clement's Bay 

Leonard town 

Great Mills 

St. Inegoes' 

Ridge 



(272) F'mWashington 
TO Frederick. 

To Georgetown ..[ I 2 
K,ockville, Md. ... 14 16 

Urbanna 12 28 

Frederick Ilol 43 

(273) F'mWashington 
to Wilmington, AC. 

J^ia Fredericksburg, 
Richmond, ir Peters- 
burg. 

Steamboat. 

To Alexandria .. 

j}lt. Vervon 

Aquia Cr'k Land 
ing, Va 27 



42 



5 


47 


9 


56 


12 


^» 


11 


79 


10 


89 


6 


9.-) 


2 


97 


13 


no 


8 


118 



(271) F'mWashington 
to Ridge, | 

Via Port Tobacco. 

To Palmer's Tav- 1 

em. Aid 10 

Piscatawny 16 16 

Peasant Hill 10 26 

ilPoitTobuf-'-o .... fc 32 
6* 



Richmond, Fredericks 
burg, ^ Potomac RR. 
Brooks's Water 

Station 

Fredericksb'g. 

Guiney's 

Miltbrd Depot.... 

Ruther Glen 

Junction 

Taylorsville 

Hungary Water 

StHtion 

Richmond 

Richmond iSr Petersburg 
Railroad. 

Manchester I 21120 

Proctor's Creek. . . 11J13I 

Petersburg I 9|l40 

Petersburg &r Roanoke 

Railroad. 
Stony Cr'k Ware- 

house 

Jarrett's 

BelHeld 

Junction 

Pleasant Hill, NC. 

Gareysburg 

Weldon 

Wilmington &r Raleigh 
Railroad. 

Halifax 71212 

11 223 
11234 
8242 
9I25I 



161 

I/O 
11 

184 
191 
200 
205 



Enfie;d , 

Battles 

Rocky Mount . 
Joineis , 



130 



ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. 



Tossnot 

Biinieu's 

IVahuiita 

Goldsboro' 

Dudley's 

Faisoii's 

Warsiiw 

Stricklnnd 

Teachy's 

S. Wttsliiiigtoii. 

Bergaw 

Rocky Mount.. 
Wilmington 



258 
264 
271 
282 
291 
303 
311 
319 
328 
337 
344 

■im 

36t;| 



(274) F'mWashington 
TO Parkersburg, 

Via IVinchester and 
Clarksburg. 



To Georgetf)wn . . 
Prospect Hill, Va. 

Dmnesviile 

Belmont 

Leesburg 

Hamilton 

Purcell's Store 

Snickersviile 

Snicker's Ferry .. 
Barry ville 

VV'iNCHESTER ... 

Back Cr'k Valley. 

Capon Bridge 

Hanging Rock ... 

KOMNEY 

Biirlnigton 

Ridgeville 

Claysville 

Glade Valley 

German Settlem't 

Evansville 

Three Forks 

Prnntytown 

Bri<lgeport 

Clarksburg — 

New Salem 

Lewisport 

Pennsljoro' 

Parkersburg... 



(274J) F'mWashingt'n 

TO VVlN( HESTER, 



Via Alexandria. 



To Alexandria. 

Fairfax, Va 

Cliaiitilly 

Pleasant Valley .. 

Areola 

Aldie 

Middleburg 

Rector's X Roads. 

Upperville 

Paris 

Berry ville 

Millwood 

Winchester — 



(275) F'mWashington 
TO Cincinnati, 

Via Cumberl'd, fVheel- 
ing, ZanesvilLe, and 
Culumbus, 

Stage. I I 

To Georgetown .. 2 

Rockville, Md.... 14 16 

Urbana 12 28 

Frederick Il5l 43 

Baltimore (S- Ohio RR. 



Oonp's Switch .. 

Point of" Rocks.. 

Catoctin Switch. 

Berlin 

Knox ville 

VVeverton 

Harper's Ferry 

Peaclier's Mill... 

Hall Town Road 

Uurtield's 

Leetown Road .. 

Kerneysville 

Drake's 

Flagg's Mill 

Alartinsburg 

Warm Spring R'd 

Tabbs' 

Hedgesville Road. 

Alyer's Water Sta- 
tion 

Hedgesville Depot 

N. Mountain Wa 
ter Station 

BackCr'k Bridge 

Runner's Ferry 
Road , 

Licking Water 
Station 

Walnut Bend 

Hancock 

St. John's Kun... 

Great Cacapon... 

Rockwell's Run.. 

Doe Gully Tunnel 

No. 12 Water Sta- 
tion 

Pawpaw Tunnel . 

Little Cacapon... 

Great Spring Run 

Patterson's Creek. 

Cumberland — 

JVatiunal Road. 

Frostburg 

Little Crossing ... 

Addison, Pa 

Sonierfield 

Uniontown 

Brownsville .. 

E. Bethlehem .... 

Beallsville 

Hillsboro' 

Washington 

Claysville 

W. Alexander.... 



100 
105 
110 
114 
121 
123 

132 
135 
139 
146 
152 
160 

170 
183 

1961 
200 

221 
233! 

2391 

2421 
245 i 
262 1 
2721 
279i 



Triadelpbia, Va. 

Wheeling 

Bridgeport, O. .. 
St. Clairsville ... 

Morristown 

Fairview 

Middlebourn 

Washington 

Cambridge 

New Concord ... 

Norwich 

Bridgeville 

Zanesville 

Hopewell 

Gratiot 

Brownsville 

Jjinville 

Jacksontown. ... 

Hebron 

Luray 

Kirkersville 

Etna 

Reynoldsburg ... 

Columbus 

Alton 

West Jefferson . . 

Liifayelte 

Brighton Centre. 

Springfield 

Yellow Springs . 

Xenia 

Little Miama RR 



283 

293 
294 
304 
315 
325 
328 
33o 
343 
352 
355 
358 
366 
374 
378 
380 
3g5 
389 
393 
395 
398 
403 
409 
420 
429 
434 
442 
452 
462 
472 
481 



Spring Valley .. 

Claysville 

Cor win 

Freeport 

Lockport 

Morrow 

Deertield 

Foster's 

Polktown 

Indian Ripple.. 

Milford 

Columbia 

Cincinnati.... 



7 488 

3 491 

4 495 
6 501 

3 504 

5 509 
5 514 
5 519 
6525 

4 529 
3 532 
9541 

5 546 



(276) F'mWashington 
TO Detroit, 

Via Wheeling, Wooster 
Ohio, Hr Toledo. 



To Wheeling— 

(see No. 275) . . 
Martin's Ferry, O 

Colerain 

Harrisville 

Short Creek 

Cadiz 

Stocktownship... 

Tappan 

Whitehall 

Eastport 

New Philadelphia 

Dover 

Strasburs 

Deardoff's Mills.. 



293 
294 
299 
305 
308 
314 
326 
329 
332 
337 
347 

\m 

355 
3*38 



ROUTES FROM WASHINGTON. 



131 



Frease's Store... 

Mt. Eaton 

Apple Creek 

WOOSTER 

New Pittsburg .. 

Row's 

Ashland 

Savannah 

Ruggles 

Greenwich 

Fitchville 

N. Fitchville.... 

Bronson 

Norwallt 

Monroeville , 

Lyme 

Bellevue 

Lower Sandusky 

Black Swamp 

Woodville , 

Perrysburg 

Maumee City 

Toledo 

Manhattan 

Erie, Mich 

La Salle 

Monroe 

Brest 

Brownstown 

Gibraltar 

Truago 

Detroit 



362 
36'd 
3/5 
380 
391 

•m 
m 

411 

416 
420 
425 
428 
434 
437 
441 
447 
450 
468 
476 
483 
499 
500 
510 
513 
522 
527 
532 



16 
1 

10 

3 

9 

5 

5 

5537 
13550 

6556 

1557 
I3I57O 



(277) F'mWashington 
to New Orleans. 
Steamboat, 
AquiaCr'kL'gJ 

Railroad. 
Fredericksburg, 

Va 14 

Richmond 62 

Petersburg 22 

Weldon.N. C. . 65 

Wilmington iBl 

Steamboat. 
Charleston, I I 

S. C 11581524 

Railroad. 



I 42 



107 



87 



Augusta, Ga. ..137 661 
Covington, Ga.. 131 792 

Stnge. 
West Point, Ga 

Railroad. 
Montgomery, 

Ala.* 

Stage. 
Mobile, Ala... 2091195 

Steamboat. 
New Orleans 117511370 

• From Montgomery to 
Mobile, by the river, 
is 338 miles. 



(278) F'mWashington 
TO Boston. 

Washington Branch 
Railroad. 



To Bladensburg.. 

Beltsville 

Laurel Factory... 

Junction 

Elkridge Landing 



Baltimore and Ohio 

Railroad. 

Baltimore 1101 40 

Philadelphia, JVilming 
ton, (Sr Baltimore RR. 



Canton 3 43 

Stemmer's Run .. Ti 0% 

Chase's 5^ 56 

Harewood U 57i 

Gunpowder 2^ 60 

Perry man's 8i 68| 

Hall's M Roads... 3| 72 
Havre de Grace . . 5 77 

Cecil 1 78 

Charlestown 5 83 

Northeast 3 86 

Elkton 6 92 

Newark 6 98 

Staunton 6 104 

Newport 2 106 

Wilmington 4 110 

Naaman's Creek. 8 118 
Marcus Hook .... 2 120 

Chester 3 123 

Lazaretto 4 127 

Gray's Ferry 7 134 

Philadelphia. .. 3 137 
Boston— | 

(seeNo. 231)...30ll438 

(279) F'mWashington 
to Norfolk, Va. 

Steamboat. 
To Alexandria ... 7 

Mt. Vernon 8 15 

Crane Island 5 20 

Sandy Point, Md. 12 32 
Aquia Cr'k Land- 
ing, Va. ....... . 10 42 

Boyd's Hole 10 52 

Matthias' Point .. 8 
Cedar Point, Md.. 7 67 
Blackstone's I.. ., 19 

Piney Point 12 

Point Lookout... 10108 
Roger Point, Va.. 6114 
Smith's Point .... 5 119 
Windmill Point.. 21140 
Gwynn's Island .. 7 147 
Pointno-Point ... 6153 
NewPt. Comfort. 9162 
Back River Point. 12 174 
Old Pt. Comfort.. 10 184 



(280) F'mWashington 

to Staunton, 

Via. Warrenton Sprigs 

<Sr Charlottesville. 

To Alexandria . . . 

Fairfax 

Centreville 

Groveton 

Buckland. 

New Baltimore.. . 

Warrenton 

Warrenton Spr'gs 

Jeffersonton 

Rixeyville 

C'ulpepper C. H. 
Colvin's Tavern. 

Locustdale 

Orange C.H. ... 

Gordonsville 

Everittsville 

Charlottesvi'e 
Hard ins' Tavern. 
Yancey's Mills.. 

Brookville 

Waynesborough. . 



96 
106 
121 
127 
135 
81143 
4147 
7 154 



Norfolk I16I20O 



Staunton Il0|l64 

(281) F'mWashington 

TO White Sulphur 

Springs, 
Via Fredericksburg, 

Charlottesville, and 

Staunton. 

Steamboat. I 

To Alexandria ... 7 

Mt. Vernon 8 15 

Aquia Cr'k Land- 
ing, Va 27l 42 

Richmond £«■ Fredericks- 
burg RR. 
Fredericksburg. .. 14 56 

Stage. 
Chnncellorsville.. 10 66 

Wilderness 5 71 

Locust Grove 5 76 

Verdiesville 6 82 

Orange C. H 12 94 

Gordonsville 10 104 

Everittsville 15 119 

Charlottesvi'e 6 125 
Hardins' Tavern . S 133 
Yancey's Mills... 8 141 

Brookville 4145 

Waynesborough . 7 152 

Staunton 10 162 

Jennings' Gap.... 13175 

Deertield 15190 

Cloverdale Hotel. 9 199 

Green Valley 6 205 

Bath 14i219 

Hot Springs 51224 

Columbia Inn .... 13 237 

Callaghnn's 9 246 

White Sulphur I 
tePRINGS 141260 



132 



ROUTES IN VIRGINIA. 



(282) F'mW\shington|!C288) F'm Richmond to 
TO Lynchburg, '"^ 

Via Charlottesville. 
To Chiirlottesville 

Csee No. 277) . . . 

Garland's 

Covesville 

Lovingston 

Rose Mills 

New Glasgow 

Lynchburg 



127 
14141 



(283) F'm Fredericks 
BURG TO Winches- 
ter. 

To Falmouth..., 

Hartwood 

Spottedville 

Somerville 

Warrenton 

Salem Fauquier 

Oak Hill 

Paris 

Millwood 

Winchester . 



(284) F'm Fredericks- 
burg TO Tafpahan 



nock. 
ToRappahannock 

Port Royal 

Loretto 

Lloyd's 

Tappahannock.. 



Washington 
Richmond, freder 
burg, Sr Putumac 
To Hungary Sta- 
tion 

Tayloisville 


ic 
RI 

12 
2 
6 
10 
11 
12 

14 

27 
8 

/ 


ks- 

8 
20 
'^2 


Ruther G.en 

Milford 


28 

as 




49 


Fredericksb'g. 
Aquia Cr'k Land- 


61 
7o 


Steamboat. 

Mt. Vernon 

Alexandria 

Washington — 


102 
110 
117 



(2880 Fr'm Richmond 
to gordonsville 

Railroad. 
To Junction— I I 

(seeNo. 288) ...I I 

Louisa RR. 

Beaver Dam 

Frederick's Hall 

Tolersville , 

Louisa C. H 

Gordonsville 



(291) From Richmond 
TO Milton, N. C, 

Via Farmviile. 

ToFarmville 

Prince Edward CH 

Midway Inn 

Roanoke Bridge.. 
Charlotte C.H.... 

Mt. Laurel 

Halifax 

Bloomsburg 

Cunningham's 

Store, N. C 13158 

Milton 10168 



75 

82 . 

90 

96 
103 
120 
io2 
145 



(285) F'm Richmond to 
Old Pt. Comfort. 

To Frasier's Tav-| I 

em I I 17 

New Kent 13 30 

Barhainsville 10 40 

Burnt Ordinary... 8 48 
Williamsburg.... 12 60 

Yorktown li^ 72 

Halfway House ..12 84 

Hampton li^ 96 

Ucd Pt. Comfort .1 2 98 

(286) F'm Richmond to 

Norfolk. 

Steamboat. 
To Warwick's ... 

City Point 

Windmill Point.. 
Jamestown I. ... , 
Burwell's Bay ... 
Newport News.., 
Norfolk 



(292) From Richmond 
TO Raleigh, N.C. 

Richmond SrPetersburs 

Railroad. 

To Petersburg 

Sto n y Creek Ware- 
house 21 

Jarrett's 9 

Belfield Ill 63 

Greenville Sr Roanoke 

Ra ilruad. 

Ryland's 1111 74 

Gaston ....llOl 84 

Raleigh Sr Gaston RR. 



(289) From Richmond 
TO Staunton. 

To Powell's Tav- 

em 14 

Dover Mills 6 20 

Beaver Dam 4 24 

Goochland 6 30 

ICednrPoint 5 35 

Ipife's 8 43 

Columbia 9 52 

iPalmyra 10 62 

Union Mills 11 73 

Everittsville 4 77 

Charlottesville.... 6 83 
i Staunton 3/ 120 



Littleton | 9 

Macon ill 



Ridgeway. 
Henderson. 
Staunton. . 
Franklin .. 
Forrestville 
Huntsville. 
Raleigh.. 



93 
104 
114 
127 
134 
145 
156 
162 
171 



6 
40 
52 
76 
88 
103 
118 



(287) F'm Richmond to 

Tappahannock. 
To Old Church...) 

Aylett's 13 

Fleetwood Acad.. 8 
Miller's Tavern ..4 
Tappahannock. . llO 



(290) From Richmond 
TO Lynchburg. 

To Manchester... 

Coal Mmes 

Hallsboro' 

Flat Rock 

Scottsville 

Macon 

Ballsville 

Cumberland C. H 

Langhorn's Tav 
em 

Raine's 

IFarmville 

28ii Walker's Church 

36 I Spout Spring 

40 |(yoncord 

501iLynchburg 



(293) F'm PETERSBURGi 

TO Lynchburg. 



To Fork Inn .... 

Mt. Level 

Morgansville 

NottowHy C. H.. 

Burksville 

Farmviile 

Lynchburg — 



91 
106 

3ilU9 



10 

25 
35 
39> 
60 
76 
124 



(294) F'm Petersbur© 

TO Norfolk. 

Railroad. 

To City Point.... [12 

tSteamboat. 
Norfolk— 
(see No. 286)... 78 90 



(295) F'm Petersburg 

to Norfolk. 
To Prince George.l I 7 

Garysville 10| 17 

- ._ Cabin Point 9. 26 

14ll23i;SurryC. H 112 38 



ROUTES IN VIRGINIA. 



133 



Bacon Cnstle.. 
Burvvell's Bay. 

ymithtield 

Chiickiituck.. . 

Surtulk 

PurtsmoiUh £,- Roanoke 
RiiUroad. 



Portsmouth 

atcaynboat. 
Norfolk 



(296) F'm Norfolk to 
Hampton. 



Steamboat. 
To Old Pt. Com. 

fort 

Hampton 



i 16 
5i 21 



From Norfolk to 
Eastville, 

By Steamboat....! I 59 

(297) F'm Norfolk to 
Raleigh. 

To Portsmouth ... I I 1 

Portsmoutli ^- Roanoke 

Railroad. 

Suffolk 17 18 

Carrsville 13 31 

Franklin 5 36 

Newson's Depot.. 13 49 
Mar^aretsville, 

N. C 14 63 

Stage. 

Gareysburg 12 75 

Weldon 5 80 

Littleton 20100 

Gastun <$• Raleigh RR. 
Raleigh 1781178 



(298) F'm Norfolk to 

Edenton, N. C. 
To Deep Creek . . . 
Lake Drummond. 
South Mills, N.C. 

New Lebanon 

Elizabeth City 

Woodville 

Hertford 

Edenton 



(299) F'm Staunton to 
Knoxville, Tenn. 



To Greenville 

Steele's Tavern... 

Fairfield... 

Lexington , 

Fancy Hill , 

J^atural Bridge . 

Pattensburg 

Fincastle 

Amsterdam 



Cloverdale ! 3 78 

Salem 14 92 

La Fayette 10102 

Chris tiansb'rg 15 117 
Knoxville— ' 
(see No. 303)... 231 348 

(300) F'm Lynchburg 
TO Guyandotte, 

Via White Sulphur 

Spring.'?. 

To New London . U 

Otter Bridge 7 18 

Liberty 8 26 

Blue Ridge 17 43 

h'incastle 14 57 

iVliddle iVlountain. 1/ 74 

Sweet Springs 15 89 

White Sulphur 

Springs 17 106 

Lewisburg 9115 

Blue Sui. Springs. 13 128 
Seweii's Mountain 16 144 

Locust Lane 10 154 

Mountain Cove .. 9 163 
Gauley Bridge ... 15 1/8 

Mt. Juliet 2o203 

Kanawha Saline . 5 208 
Kanawha C. H. . 6 214 

Coalsmouth 12 226 

Mt. Salem 9 235 

Long Level 6 241 

Barboursville 12 2.53 

Guyandotte — V 260 

(301) From Kanawha 
C. H. to Pt. Pleas- 
ant. 

To Mouth of Poc- I 

ntaligo 16l 

Walnut Grove ... 4 20 1 
Red house Shoals. 4 24 [ 

Buffalo 10 341 

Arbuckie 14 48 

Pt. Pleasant ... 7 55 

(302) F'm Lynchburg 
TO White Sulphur 
Springs, Va., 

Via JVatural Bridge. 

18 



Liberty 

Lisbon 

Buford's 

Big Lick 

Salem 

iChristianburg. 

[Ingle's Ferry 

iNewberu . 

Draper's Valley .. 

Wythevilie 

Rural Retreat 

Pleasant Hill 

'Marion 

Seven-mile Ford . 

Glade Spring. 

Cedarville 

I Abingdon 

j Sapling Grove 

Blountsville .. 

Eden's Ridge 

Kingsport 

New Canton . 

Lyon's Store 

Yellow Store 

Rogersville 

Red Bridge 

Rocky Spring 

I Bean's Station . .. 

Rutledge 

Blair's ^ Roads .. 

Academia 

Knoxville 



26 
34 
39 
51 
56 
81 
93 
100 
111 



5 
12 

5 

25 

12 
7 

11 

18:129 
9.138 
7il45 

11156 
6162 

llil73 
5178 
7185 

13198 
9207 
9,216 
6)222 
91231 
71238 
31241 
8 249 



259 
266 
270 
279 
283 
302 
312 



ToWaugh's Fer'y 

Balcony Falls 

JVtiturnl Bridge . 
Rebecca Furnace. 

Clifton Forge 

Covington 

Callaghan's 

White Sulphur 
Springs 



(303) F'm Lynchburg 

to Knoxville, Tenn. 

Via Blountsville. 



To New London . I 
Otter Bridge 



(304) F'm Lynchburg 

TO Salisbury, N.C. 

Via Danville. 

To Campbell CH. 

Yellow Branch... 

Castle Craig 

Ward's Bridge ... 

Clialk Level 

Robertson's Store. 

Pittsylvania 

Danville 

Rawlingsburg, 
N.C 

Reidsville 

Troublesome Cr'k 

Hillsdale 

Greensboro' ... 

Jamestown 

Brummell's 

Rich Fork 

Lexington 

Salisbury 



12 
17 
23 

29 
42 
47 
54 
73 

90 

99 

_103 

9'112 

131125 

ll|l36 

10146 

6:152 

6|l58 

17175 

(305) Fr'm Hicksford 
to roxboro', n.c. 



To Stony Mount . 

Percival's 

Lawrenceville 

Diamond Grove., 
'i'anner's Store ... 
Lombardy Grove. 

Union Level 

Boydton 



10 
19 

22 
29 
38 

8| 46 
6 52 

6^ 58 



134 



ROUTES IN OHIO. 



Clarksville . . 
Whitehouse. 

ROXBORO' .. 



12| 70 

8 78 
20l 98 



(306) Fr'm Cleveland 

TO Buffalo, JS'.Y 
To Euclid... 

E. Euclid 3 

Willoughby 6 

Mentor 

Painesville .. 

Perry 

Madison 

Unionville... 

Saybrooic 

Ashtabula 6 

Kmgsviile 9 

Amboy 4 

Conneuut 31 

Fairvievv, Pa 17 93 

Erie 12|l05 

Buffalo— 
CseeiNo.253) 



911196 



(307) Fr'm Cleveland 
TO Toledo. 

To Rockport 

Dover 5 13 

N. Ridge villa .... 7 20 

Elyria 4 24 

Amherst 8 32 

Henrietta 3 35 

Birmingham 3 38 

Florence 3 41 

Berlinville 4 45 

Milan 8 53 

JVorwalk 4 57 

Monroeviile 4 61 

Lyme 6 67 

Bellevue 3 70 

Lower Sandusky. 18 88 
Black Swamp.... 8 96 

VVoodviUe 7 103 

Perrysbure 16 119 

MaumeeCity .... 1 120 
Toledo 10130 



(308) Fr'm Cleveland 

TO Cincinnati. 
To Brooklyn 

Parma 

Strongville.. 
Brunswick .. 

Medina 

GiiiU'ord 

Wooster 

Big Prairie .. 
Loudonville. 
Democracy.. 
Mt. Vernon . 
Mt. Liberty . 
Centreburg.. 

Sunbury 11 

Galena 4 

Westerville 7 

Blendon 3 



Columbus 

Alton 

W. Jerterson 

La Fayette 

Snmmerfield 

Brighton Centre. 
Springfield ... 
Yell(jw Springs,. 
Xenia 



1114: 

91j1 

5 lot 

8il64 

169 

174 



Little Miaiaa RR. 



Spring Valley 

Corwm 

Morrow 

Deerfield 

Foster's Crossings, 

Polktown 

Milford 

Columbia 

Cincinnati 



(309) Fr'm Cleveland 
to Pittsburg, Pa 

To Newburg 

Bedford 

Twinsburg 

Hudson 

Stow 

Franklin Mills 

Ravenna 

Edinburg 

Palmyra 

Frederick 

Ellsworth 

Canfield 

Boardman 

Poland 

New Middletown. 

Petersburg 

Enon Valley, Pa. 

Darlington 

Beaver 

Freedom 

Economy 

Sewickly Bottom. 

Alleghany 

Pittsburg 





6 


6 


12 


7 


IH 


5 


24 


6 


30 


4 


34 


6 


40 


4 


44 


5 


49 





54 


6 


60 


6 


66 


6 


72 


3 


75 


5 


80 


4 


84 


6 


90 


4 


94 


12 


106 


3 


109 


7 


116 


3 


119 


13 


132 


1 


m 



(310) Fr'm Cleveland 
to Buffalo, N. Y, 
Steambvat. 
To Ashtabula . 

Erie, Pa 

Portland, N.Y'. 

Dunkirk , 

Buffalo 



(311) From Columbus 
to Wheeling, Va. 



To Reynoldsburg, 

Etna 

Kirkersville 

Lnray 

Hebron 

Jacksontovvn 



Linville 

Brovvnsville 

Gratiot 

Hopewell 

Zanesvillk 

Bridgeville 

Norwich 

New Concord 

Cambridge 

Washington 

Middlebourn 

Fairview 

Morristowii 

St. Clairsville 

Bridgeport 

Wheeling, Va. . 



35 

40 

42 

46 

54 

62 

65 

68 

77 

85 

92 

95 

105 

116 

126 

12/ 



(312) From Columbus 
TO Pittsburg, 

Via Steubenvi.Ue. 

To Reynoldsburg. 

Etna 

Kirkersville 

Luray 

Hebron 

Jiicksontown 

Linville 

Brownsville 

(Jratiot 

Hopewell 

Zanesville 

Bridgeville 

Norwich 

New Concord 

Cambridge 

Winchester 

Antrim 

Londonderry 

Smyrna 

Morefield 

(^adiz 

Greene 

Wintersville 

Steubenville .. 
Holliday's Cove.. 

Piiris 

Florence 

Bnvington 

Fiiyette 

Pittsburg 



(313) From Columbtts 
TO Cleveland. 

To Blendon . 
Westerville.. 

Galena 

Sunbury 

Centreburg.. 
Mt. Liberty . 
Mt. Vernon . 
UemooriLcy. . 
jjoudonville. 
Big Prairie .. 

Wooster , ._ 

Guilford I3IIO6 





11 


6 


1; 


f) 


22 


3 


25 


2 


27 


4 


31 


4 


35 


n 


41) 


2 


42 


4 


46 


8 


54 


4 


58 


3 


61 


3 


64 


9 


73 


5 


78 


4 


82 


4 


86 


4 


90 


4 


94 


13 


107 


7 


114 


10 


124 





129 


3 


132 


4 


\m 





141 


4 


145 


9 


154 


13167 


3. 

It 


3 14 


7 21 


4 25 


11 36 


5 41 


10 51 


8 f,9 


14 7H 


11 84 


^'l 


93 



ROUTES IN OHIO. 



135 



Medina 

Brunswick . . 
Strongville .. 

Parma 

Brooklyn 

Clevkland. 



(314) From Columbus 
TO Sandusky. 

To Worth ington . 9 

Willianisville .... 6 15 

Delaware 9 24 

Norton 10 34 

Marion 10 44 

Bucyrus 18 b'2 

C'hattield 11 73 

Attica 7 80 

Reedtown 6 86 

Siierman 4 90 

Bellevue 6 9ti 

Sandusky 14 110 



Richmondale.. 

Jackson 

Rocky Hill.... 
Gallipolis \2'S 



53 



(315) From Columbus 

TO Indianapolis, la. 

F'ia Dayton. 

To Alton 

W. Jeffc-rson .... 

La Fayette 

Brighton Centre. 

Springfield 

Enon 

Fairfield 

Dayton 

Jjiberty 

W. Alexandria.. 

Eaton 

New Westville. . 
Richmond, Ind. . 

Centreville 

Cambridge 

Dublin 

Lewisville 

Ogden 

Knightstown 

Charlottesville 

Greenfield 

Philadelphia 

Cumberland 

Indianapolis llO 



(316) From Columbus 
TO Portsmouth. 

To S. Bloomfield . 17 

Circleville 9 26 

Chillicothe 19 45 

Waverly 15 fid 

Piketon 4 64 

Lucasville 14 78 

Portsmouth VI 90 

(317) From Columbus 
TO Gallipolis. 

ToS. Bloomfield. I | 17 

Circleville 9 26 

Chillicothe |19| 4. 



(318) F'mColumbus to 

Maysville, Ken. 
To Chillicothe 
(seeNo. 317) ... 45 

Bourneville 13 58 

Bainbridge 11 69 

Cynthiana 5 74 

Sinking Spring... 10 

Locust Grove 6 

Dunbarton 6 

West Union 10 

Aberdeen 17 

Maysville . . 



90 

96 

106 

123 

1124 



(319) From Columbus 

TO Athens 
To Lithopolis .... 17 

Courtvvright 3 20 

Lancaster 

Sugar Grove 7 35 

Logan 10 45 

Nelson ville 12 

Chauncey 

Athens 



(320) From Columbus 
TO Marietta. 

To Zanesville, 
(seeNo. 312) ... 54 

Blue Rock 11 65 

Mc.Connellsville.. 16 81 

Beverly 18 99 

Wutert'ord 2101 

Lowell 9110 

Marietta 1212: 



(321) F'M Zanesville 

TO Cleveland 
To Coshocton. 

Keene's 

Mill Creek.... 

Clark's 

Millersburg,... 

WOOSTER 

Guilford 

Medina 

Brunswick .... 
Strongville .... 

Parma 

Brooklyn 

Cleveland... 



(322) F'm Zanesville 
TO Maysville, Ky. 



To Putnam. 
Fultonham. 
Somerset . . . 
Rushville... 
Tjiincnster . 



10 
8 
9 
Tarlton 16 



Kingston I 9| 61 

Chillic;othe lO' 71 

To Maysville— | 
(see No. 318) ...|79150 

(323) F'M Zanesville 

TO Wheeling, Va. 
To Bridgeville. 

Norwich 

New Concord . 

Cambridge 

Washington... 
Middlebourne . 

Fairview 

Morristown... . 
St. Clairsville . 

Bridgeport . 

Wheeling ... 



(324) F'm Chillicothe 
TO Gallipolis, 

(See No. 317)..... I I 99 

(325) Fr'm Cincinnati 
to West Union. 

To Fulton 2 

Newtown .... 6 8 

Mt. Carmel 6 14 

Butavia 10 24 

Williamsburg.... 7 31 

Bethel 5 36 

Hamersville 3 39 

Georgetown.. 8 47 

Kussellville 7 54 

Decatur 7 61 

West Union 9 70 



(326) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Chillicothe. 

To Fulton 

Plainville 

Milford 

Perrin's Mills.. 
Gordonville ... 
Fayetteville... 
Dodsonville ... 
Rainsboro' . .. ., 

Bainbridge 

Bourneville 11 

Chillicothe 13i 



(327) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Zanesville, 

Fia Circleville. 

To Walnut Hills. 
Pleasant Ridge... 

Montgomery 5 13 

Twenty. mile 

Stand 7 20 

Hopkinsville 4 24 

Rochester 7 31 

Clarksville 7 38 

Wilmington*-.... 10 



136 



ROUTES IN OHIO. 



SBbina 

Washington.. 
New Holland. 
Williamsport 

Circleville 

Amanda 

Lauca-ster 

Rushville 

Somerset 

Fultonliarn . 

Putnam 

Zanksville 



97 
109 
9|118 
91127 
81135 
10145 
8153 
lll54 



(330) Fr'm Cincinnati 

TO SiDNKY, 

Via Dayton. 
To Cartha 



(328) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Wheeling, Va. 

Via Sprivgjield, Colum- 
bus, £,' Zaiiescille. 



Little Miavia RR. 



To Columbia 

Plainville 

Milford 

Germany 

Indian Ripple 

Polktown 

Loveland's 

Foster's 

Deerfield 

Morrow 

Lockport 

Freeport 

Corwin 

Claysville 

Spring Valley 

Xenia 

Yellow Springs .. 

Springfield 

Brighton Centre.. 

La Fayette 

West Jefferson . . . 

Alton 

Columbus 

Keynoldbburg 

Etna 

Kirkersville 

Luray 

Hebron 

Jacksontown 

Linnville , 

Brownsville , 

Gratiot 

Hopewell 

Zanesville 

Wheeling— 
(see No. 323).., 



Springdale 

Hamilton 

Middletown 

Franklin 

Mianiisburg 

Alexandersville.. 

Dayton 

W. Charleston . . 

Troy 

Piqua 

Sidney 



6 
13i 

23 

4/1 
531 
571 
65 
75 
86 
93 
106 



(329) Fr'm Cincinnati 
to Cleveland, 

Via Cu/ urn bus and 
H'ouster. 

To Columbus— I I 
Csee No. 328) . . . 127 

Cleveland- I | 

Csee No. 313)... 142,269 



(334) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Nashville, Tenn. 





4 


4 


H 


4 


12 


4 


16 


6 


22 


10 


32 


7 


39 


4 


43 


6 


49 


12 


61 


10 


71 


11 


82 


6 


88 


12 


100 


14 


114 


8 


1221 



(331) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Indianapolis. 

ToCheviott 

Dry Ridge 

Cleves 

Elizabethtown ... 
Lawrenceburgjia. 

Manchester 

Laugherty 

Delaware 

Napoleon 

Greensburg 

St. Omur 

Sheibyville 

Brandy wine 

Pleasant View 

Bethel 

Indianapolis 

(332) Fr'm Cincinnati 
to St. Louis, 

Via Indianapolis 
To Indianapolis— I 

(see No. 331) ... I 122 
St. Lou s — 

(see No. 500)... 237 359 

(333) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Lexington, Ky. 

Sten/mboit. 
To Covington. 

f<t'ifr>:. 

Florence 

Crittenden 

Wiilia^n>^tuw^. 
Georgetown. . . 

Delphi 

Lexrjgton... 



Campbellsville ...1 

Greensburg 

Monroe 

I'hree Springs 

Blue Spring Grove 

Glasgow 

Scottsville 

State Line 

Gallatin 

Nashville 



121161 

12173 

111184 

61190 



194 
207 
232 
241 
265 
291 



(335) Fr'm Cincinnati 
to Natchez, Miss. 



To Lexington— 
(see No. 333) .. 

Nicholasville 

Shawnee Run.. . 
Harrodsburg . 

Perryville 

Lebanon 1181143 

Newmarket I 61149 



12 

12 
7 
101125 



115 



To Nashville— 




(.ee No. 334) . . . 


291 


Good Spring ] 


3 304 


Franklin 


h 304 


SpringhiU 1 


2 321 




2 333 


Mt. Pleasant 1 


1344 


Lawrenceburg ... 2 


2 366 


Florence X 


6 402 


Tuscumbia 


5 407 


Russellville ] 


8 425 


Tollgate S 


3 458 


Pikeville i 


468 


Moscow 1 


9 487 


Border Spring, 




Miss 


5 502 


Columbus 1 


7.519 


Shoco 


8 537 


Choctaw Agency 


6 54,S 


Louisville 5 


i5 568 


Hopahka [ 


:? 605 


Olahoma 


8 613 


Springfield 

Sharon ] 


6 619 


1 630 


Canton 


7 637 


Jackson i 


i-i 660 


Newtown 


0|670 


Line Store 


mi^'i 


Gallatin 


51697 


Malcolm 


J3i730 


Mississippi Railr 


Odd. 


Wnsliington |] 


4|744 


Natchez |] 


Vh\m 


(336) Fr'm Cincin 


NATI 


TO Baltimore, 1 


Vld. 


Via Wlieeling (J- ( 


3ani- 


berland. 




To Wheeling, 




Va.- 




(see No. 328) . . . 


254 


Triadelphiii. Va. . 


264 


W. Alexander 


4 268 


Claysville 


V 27,'j 


Washington 


285 


Hillsboro' 


./ :^02 


Bealsville 


3 -m 


E. Bethlehem .... 


3 308 


Brownsville .. 


6 314 


jUniontown 


12 326 


iSomerfield 


21347 



ROUTES IN OHIO. 



137 



Aofiiso" P^ ' 4'3bl 

LilLiti Or'issiiig. .. 13 yti4 
Fiostourff 13 377 

CUMbKKUAND.... 10 387 

Biutimore ^ Ohio RR- 



395 

408 

412 

424 

433 

442 

5'44; 

7|4.34 

4 4j8 

7 465 

8 473 
11484 
20 504 
47 551 
14 565 



Patterson's Creek 
liittlo Cacap.m... 
Puvvpaw Tunnel.. 
D(ie Gulley Tun'l. 
Great Cacapun... 

Hancock 

Walnut Bend . .. 
Back Cr'k Bridge 
Hedgesville 

MaRTIiNSBURO. .. 

Kerneysville 

Harper's Fkrry 

Frederick 

Eilicott's iVlills ... 
Haltimoue 

(337) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Pittsburg 

To Wheeling — I 

(see No. 328)... 254 
rnadeipliia.Va... 8 262 
W.Alexander, Pa. 5 267 

Clay.wille 6 273 

Washington 10 283 

Cannonsbura 7 290 

Harriottsville 8 298 

Pittsburg 10 208 

(338) Fr'm Cincinnati 
TO Sandusky City. 

Liittle Miami RR. 

To Columbia 5 

Plainville 4 9 

Milford 5 14 

Germany 2 16 

Indian Ripple .. 1 17 

Polktown 4 21 

Foster's 6 27 

Deerfield 5 32 

Morrow 5 37 

]-ockport 5 42 

Freeport 3 45 

Corwin 6 51 

f'laysville 4 55 

Spring Valley .... 3 58 

Xknia 7l 65! 



Yellow Springs I 9i| 74i 

s-prnigtieid |l0il 85 

Mad River (fir Lake Erie 

Railroad. 
(Jrbana |14i 



W. Liberty- 
Be I letbntaine... 

Huntsville 

Kichland 

Bell Centre 

Kenton 

I'atersoii 

Cary 

Oregon 

'ritiin 

Republic 

Lodi 

Bellevue 

SanduskyCity 



99i 
109 
117 
123i 
127 
129 
141 
152 
165 
170 
181 
190 
195 
204 
213 



F'm Sandusky City to 

Cincinnati. 
Mad River ^ Lake Erie 

Railroad. 
To Bellevue ... 15 

Lodi 9 24 

Republic 5 29 

Tirtin 9 38 

Oregon 11 49 

Cary 5 54 

Paterson 13 67 

Kenton 11 78 

Bell Centre 12 90 

Richland 2 92 

Huntsville 3i' 95i 

Bellefontaine... 6i 102 
W. Liberty .... 8 110 

Urbana 9U19i 

Springfield .. 14| 134 
Little Miami RR. 



Yellow Springs 

Xknia 

Spring Valley.. 

Claysville 

Corwin 

Freeport 

Lockport 

Morrow .. 

Ueerlield 

Foster's 



1441 
154 
161 
164 

168 
174 

177 
182 
187 

:i92 



Polktown I 6 198 

Indian Ripple . . . . ' 4 : 02 

Germany 1 203 

Will'ord 2 20) 

Plainville 51210 

Columbia 4 214 

Cincinnati 51219 



From Sandusky to 
Mansfield 

Mansfield RR. 

To Monroeville ..I | 16 

Centreville ill 27 

New Haven | 6 33 



Pans i 3 

Shelby I 9 

Mansfield Ill 



From Sandusky ro 
Buffalo, N. Y. 

Steamboat. 

To Huron 

Black River.. . 
Cleveland... 

Ashtabula 

Erie, Pa 

Portland, N.Y. 

Dunkirk 

Buffalo 



10 
30 
57 
117 
161 



30 191 
16 207 
4o252 



From Sandusky to 
Chicago, 111. 

Steamboat. 

To Detroit l | 75 

ForKJratiot | 72ll47 

Point au Barquesj 751222 
TliunderBrtylsi.! 75I297 
Presquelsle .....| 80:377 

Mackinac ' 65J4-12 

iVIanitou Islands. 103i545 
MilwKukie.Wis. 150 695 

Kacine 25 720 

Southport ' 13 733 

Chicago, 111 , 571790 



DESCRIPTION OF THE SOUTHERN STATES, 

AND 

THE PRINCIPLE CITIES, TOWNS, WATERING- 
PLACES, &c. 




>;ORTH CAROLliNA lies between 33^ 50' and 
30° 30' N. lat., and between 75« 45' and 84« W. ion. 
from Greenwich; and between 6'^ --H)' W., and 1° 33' 
II Ion. from Washington. Population in 1840, 
753,419. 

Along the entire coast of this state there is a ridge 
of sand, separated from the main land in some places 
by narrow, and in other places by broad sounds and 
5=i^2i """^SS^ bays. The passages or inlets through it are shallow 
and dangerous, Ocracoke inlet being the only one through which vet:sel3 
pass. Cupes Hatteras and Lookout are projecting points in this belt, and 
off them, particularly the former, is the most dangerous navigation on the 
coast of the United States. Cape Fear is on an island off the mouth of 
Cape Fear river. For 60 or 80 miles from the shore, the country is level ; 
the streams are sluggish, and there are many swamps and marshes. The 
soil is sandy and poor, excepting on the margins of the streams, where it 
is frequently very fertile. The natural growth of this region is mostly the 
pitch-pine. This tree aftbrds tar, pitch, turpentine, and lumber, which 
constitute an important part of the e.xports of the state. In the swamps 
rice of a fine qualify is raised. Back of the flat country, and extending 
to the lower falls of the rivers, is a belt of land about 40 miles wide, of 
a moderately uneven surface, a sandy soil, and of which the pitch-pine is 
the prevailing nntural growth. Above the falls the country is hilly, the 
streams have a more rapid current, and the country is more fertile, pro- 
ducing wheat, rye, flax, oats, and barley. The western part of the state 
is an elevated table-land, about 1,800 feet above the level of the sea, 
with some high ranges and very elevated summits. Black Mountain, in 
Yancy county, 6,476 feet high, is the highest land in the United States 
east of the Rocky Mountains. Roan Mountain is 6,038 feet, and Grand- 
father Mountain is 5,556 feet high. Throughout the state Indian corn is 
raised, and in some parts considerable cotton. In the low country, grapes, 
plums, blackberries, and strawberries grow spontaneously; and on the 
intervals canes grow luxuriantly, the leaves of which, continuing green 
during winter, furnish food for cattle. In the elevated country, oak- 
walnut, lime, and cherry trees, of a large growth, abound. 



STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA. 139 

riie principal rivers are — the Chowan, 400 miles Ion?, navigable for 
small vessels 30 miles ; Roanoke ; Pamlico, navigable for 30 miles ; Tar ; 
Neuse ; Cape Fear, the largest river in the state, 280 miles long, with 
eleven feet of water to Wilmington ; the Yadkm, which forms a part 
of the Great Pedes in South Carolina. 

The constitution of this state was adopted in December, 1776, and re- 
vised in 1835. The senate and house of commons are elected biennially 
by the people. The senate consists of 50 members, and the house of com- 
mons of V20. The senate is chosen by districts, the number being 
apportioned by the amount of state taxes paid. The members of the 
house of commons are apportioned among the counties according to their 
population. The governor is chosen for two years by the qualified voters, 
and is eligible only four years in six. There is an executive council of 7 
members, chosen biennially by a joint vote of both houses. In case 
of the death of the governor, his duties devolve upon the speaker of the 
senate. The judges of the Supreme Court are chosen by a joint-ballot 
of both houses of the legislature, and hold their office during good 
behavior. The attorney-general is appointed by the legislature for 
4 years. The right of suffrage extends to all free white persons 21 years 
of age, who have been inhabitants of the state for twelve months previous 
to the election ; but in order to vote for a senator, a freeman must possess 
a freehold of 50 acres of land. The legislature meets biennially at 
Raleigh, on the second Monday of November, and the governor is chosen 
in August preceding. 

There are three colleges in the state, viz. : The University of North 
Carolina, at Chapel Hill ; Davidson College, in Mecklenburg county ; 
and Wake Forest College, at Forestville. There are 145 academies and 
637 common schools. 

The first permanent settlement in this state was on the eastern bank of 
the Chowan river, about 1660, by emigrants who, in consequence of 
religious persecution, iied from Nansemond, Virginia. The constitu- 
tion of the United States was adopted in convention, Nov. 27th, 1789 — 
yeas 193, nays 75. 

Raleigh, the capital of the state, is pleasantly situated, a few miles 
west of Neuse river, 27 NW. Smithfield, the nearest ordinary point of 
navigation, 164 SSW. Richmond, Va., 288 from Washington. Popula^ 
tion 2,500. In the centre of the city is Union Square, containing ten 
acres, from which extend four streets, dividing it into four quarters. In 
the centres of these quarters are four other squares, of four acres each. 
The four largest streets are 99 feet wide, and the others 66. The State- 
liouse is a superb granite edifice, built afler the model of the Parthenon at 
Athens. It is 166 feet long, 90 feet wide, and surrounded by massive 
granite columns, 5| feet in diameter, and 30 feet high. Besides the above, 
the city contains a court-house, governor's house, a theatre, two banks, 
4 academies, five churches, and 401) dwellings. The North Carolina 
liiterary, Scientific, and Military Academy has 3 professors and about 50 
students. The former state-house, containing a beautiful marble statue 
of Washington, by Canova, was burned in 1831. Wake Forest College 
is at Forestville, 15 miles from Raleigh. It was founded in 1838, and 
has a president, 3 professors, 25 students, and 4,700 volumes in its 
libraries. The commencement is on the third Thursday in June. Cars 
arrive from, and depart daily for Richmond, Va., via Gaston and 
Petersburg. Stages leave daily for Columbia, S. C, via FaijettcniUc • 
three times a week for Greensboro ; far Salisburi/ ; and for Goldsboro. 



140 STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA. 

Weldon is situated on the right bank of Roanoke river, at the '~'reat 
fulls, at the head of navigation, and 95 miles from Riileijjh. It contains 
two churches, an academy, and about 300 inhabitants. Halifax, seven 
miles below the falls, on the Roanoke, contains a court-house, a bank, two 
churches, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. Cars arrive from, and de- 
part daily for Wilmington; for Richmond, Va. ; and for J^orfolk. 

Edenton is situated near the mouth of (Jhowan river, on Edenton 
bay, which sets up from Albemarle Sound, eighty-six miles by liuid 
from Norfolk. It contains an elegant court-house, a bank, an academy, 
two churches, and about 1,600 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week 
for J^iirfolk, Va. ; and for JViwbern via Plymouth. 

Elizabeth City, situated on the right bank of Pascotank river, 
contains a court-house, an academy, 2 churches, and 2,000 inhabitants. 

Tarboro, situated on the right bank of Tar river, at the head ot 
steamboat navigation, has a court-house, a bank, two churches, an 
academy, and about 600 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week fur 
Raleigh and for Washington. 

Washington, situated on the left bank of Tar river, at the head ot 
ship navigation, has a court-house, a church, an academy, and 1,200 
inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Raleigh ; and for JVewbo-ii. 

Nevvbern, situated on Neuse river at the junction of Trent river, 
126 miles from Raleigh, was formerly the capital of the state. It is 
more healthy than most other places in the stnte so near the seaboard. 
It contains a court-house, a theatre, a Masonic-hall, two banks, three 
churches, four academies, and 4,000 inhabitants. Stages leave three 
times a week for Raleigh ; for Tarboro ; for Plymouth ; and for Beaufort. 

Beaufort, situated on North river, eleven miles from Cape Lookout, 
and 170 from Raleigh, has a good harbor for vessels drawing not more than 
14 feet water. It contains a court-house, a Masonic-hall, a female seminary, 
a mule seminary, a church, and 1,200 inhabitants. The harbor is defended 
by Fort Macon, on Bogue Point. Stages leave 3 times a week for Raleigh. 

Wilmington lies on the left bank of Cape Fear river, at tiie head of 
ship navigation, 35 miles from the ocean, and 136 irom Raleigh. It is 
the most commercial and populous town in the state. It has a court- 
house, two banks, an academy, 2 churches, and about 5.000 inhabitants. 
Cars arrive from, and- depart daily for Richmond, Va., and Washington ; 
and also for JVorfolk, Va. (See routes 351 and 352.) Steamboats daily to 
and from Charleston, S. C. 

Fayetteville is situated on the right bank of Cape Fear river, 88 
miles from Wilmington. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court- 
house, two banks, 3 churches, 4 academies, a United States arsenal of 
construction, several e.xtensive cotton factories and mills, and 4,500 in- 
habitants. It has several times suffered severely by fire. The river is 
navigable for steamboats to this place ; and it commands an extensive 
trade with the interior. Stages leave daily for Raleigh, and for Cheraw, 
S. C. ; 3 tivies a week for Warsaw ; and twice a week for Salisbury, 

Warrenton is situated on a branch of Tar river, 62 miles northeast 
from Raleigh. It has a court-house, a church, an academy, and 700 in- 
habitants. The Shocco White Sulphur Springs are twelve miJes from 
Warrenton. The waters contain sulphurated hydrogen gas, carbonic 
acid gas, sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, oxide of iron, muriate 
of soda, and carbonate of lime : they have been found beneficial in cases 
of dyspepsia, liver complaint, and diseases of the skin. Stages leave the 
IVurrenton depot daily for the Springs. (See route 341,) ■ • 



STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA. 



J4l 




Chapel Hill is situated 28 miles from Raleijih, between tlie brandies 
of New Hope river. It is the seat of the University of North Carolina, 
founded in 1789. Its edifices, five in number, are buiit of brick, and con- 
tain, besides the libraries, a chemical apparatus and mineralogical cabinet 
It has a president^ 7 professors, 2 tutors, 777 alumni, 156 students, and 12,000 
volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Tliursday in 
June. The village has about 300 inhabitants. 

Greensboro' is situated on a branch of Haw river, 82 miles from 
Raleigh. It contains a court-house, a church, the Caldwell Institute, an 
academy, and about 700 inhabitants. Rockingham Springs, 24 miles 
from Greensboro', are on one of the north branches of Haw river. The 
waters are in much repute. Stages leave Greensboro' 3 times a week for 
Raleigh ; for Milton ; for Danville, Va. ; for JVytheville, Va. ; for 
Knoxville, Tenn. ; and for Salisburj/. 

Salem, on a branch of Yadkin river, is a pretty village extending for a 
mile and a half mostly on one street, shaded with trees. It has a church, 
a Moravian academy, a bank, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Twenty-four 
miles NW. from Salem is the Pilot Mountain, a regular cone, rising to 
the height of 1,750 feet above the surrounding plain, and terminating in a 
huge rock called the Pinnacle. (See route 344.) 

Salisbury is situated on a branch of Yadkin river, 115 miles from 
Raleigh, at the great central point of travel in the western part of the state. 
The village has a church, a court-house, an academy, and 700 inhabitants". 
Here is an ancient stone wall, laid in cement, from 12 to 14 feet high and 22 
inches thick, which reaches to within a foot of the surface : and the length 
of what has been discovered is about 300 feet. The object, time, and 
purpose of its construction are uncertain. Stages leave 3 times a week 
for Raleigh ; for Danville, Va. ; for Knoxville. Tenn. ; for Columbia, 
S. C. ; for Cheraw ; and for Fayetteville. 

Charlotte is situated a few miles east from the Catawba river, and 
158 from Raleigh. It contains a court-house, a branch of the United 
States Mint, 4 churches, and 1,000 inhabitants. East of the village are a 
number of very productive gold mines. About twenty miles from Charlotte 
is Davidson College, founded in 1838. It has a president, two profes- 
sors, 31 alumni, 49 students, and 1,200 volumes in its libraries. The 
commencement is on the last Thursday in June. Stages leave three times 
a week for Salishurii ; and for Columbia, S. C. 

LiNcoLNTON, beautifully situated on the left bank of the Little Catawba 
river, 172 miles from Raleigh, has a court-house, three churches, two 
academies, and 900 inhabitants. There are in the vicinity several ex- 
tensive mills and manufactories of cotton, iron, and paper. The Catawba 
Springs are 14 miles east from Lincolnton. The waters contain sulphate 
of magnesia and lime. The scenery in this part of the state is truly 
beautiful. Twenty miles west from Lincolnton are the Shelby Sulphur 



i42 



STATE OF SOUTH CAROLl.VA 



Springs, the waters oi which are very similar to the Sulphur springs i>f 
Virginia. Stages leave Lincolnton 3 times a iceek for Salisbury ; and for 
Jlshville ; and twice a week for Camden, S. C. 

AsHViLLE is situated on the right bank of French Broad river, 250 
miles Irom Raleigh. It is in a healthy and beautiful mountain region, and 
has a court-house, an academy, two churches, and 700 inhabitants. A 
few miles southwest from the village is a sulphur spring much frequented 
The TVarm Springs are situated on the left bank of French Broad rivcu 
34 miles from Ashville. The temperature of the Springs is from 96° t.) 
iOO° Fahrenheit, and the waters contain the muriates and sulphates of 
■ime and magnesia, are limpid, and emit nitrogen gas. Chronic rheuma 
wsm and paralysis have been cured by drinking the water, and by fre- 
cuent outward applications. Stages leave .'ishville 3 times a week for 
Raleigh via Salisbury , for Columbia, S. C. ; and for JsTashville via 
Knoxville. 








SOUTH CAROLINA is situated between .32o 2 
and 35° 10' N. lat., and between 78° 24' and 83° 30' 
VV. Ion. It is 200 miles long and 125 broad, con- 
taining about 25,000 square miles. Population in 1840. 
594,398. 

The seacoast is bordered with a chain of islands, 
between which and the shore there is a very convenient 
navigation. The main land is naturally divided into 
the Lower and Upper country. The low country ex. 
tends trom 80 to 100 miles from the seacoast, and is covered with e.x- 
tensive forests of pitch-pine, called pine-barrens, interspersed with marshes 
and swamps of a rich soil. Tiie banks of the large rivers, and the creeks 
of this region, are bordered with a belt of excellent land, producing cotton 
and Indian corn in abundance. The marshes and swamps in this district 
make fine rice plantations. After leaving the low country, in proceeding 
into the interior, you first pass through a region of little sand-hills, which 
have been compared to the arrested waves of the sea in a storm. This 
curious country, son:etimes denominated the Middle Country, continues 
for 50 or 60 miles, till you arrive at the Ridge or Upper country, the 
ascent to which, proceeding from the Atlantic, is sudden and somewhat 
precipitous. The lower falls of the rivers are found along this ridge. The 
low grounds between the sand-hills are suitable for agriculture and 
pasturage; but with these exceptions, the country below the ridge is bar- 
ren, and scarcely worth cultivation. Beyond the ridge commences a beau 
tiful and healthy country of hills and dales, with fine flowing streams ol 
pure water. This whole region may be regarded as an elevated table- 
4ind, and is generally fertile. In tlie distance of 220 miles NW. from 



STATE OF 60UTH CAROLINA. 143 

Charleston, the land is 800 feet above the level of the sea. From this 
the country rises gradually to a mountainous region to the west, where 
the great Alleghany range passes through the state, in several ridges, 
some of which have high peaks. Table Mountain, one of the most 
conspicuous of these, is 4,000 feet above the level of the sea. The 
staple productions of the state are cotton and rice, great quantilies 
of which are exported. Rice is extensively cultivated where the land 
can be irrigated by the tide or the overflowing of the rivers. The sea- 
island cotton, produced in the islands along the shores, is of a superior 
quality, and is in great demand. 

The Great Pedee river, 450 miles long, rises in North Carolina, and 
runs through the eastern part of the state. It is navigable for sloops 
130 miles. The Santce, formed by the junction of the Wateree and 
the Congaree, rises in North Carolina, and has a sloop navigation for 
about 130 mdes. The Saluda is a branch of the Congaree. The Edisto 
is navigable for large boats 100 miles. The Savannah washes the whole 
southwest border of the slate, and is a noble stream. There are several 
smaller rivers, among which are Cooper, Ashley, and Combahee. 

The literary institutions in this state are— the College of South Carolina, 
at Columbia ; Charleston College, at Charleston ; the Medical School, at 
Charleston ; and three theological institutions. There are about 120 
academies or grammar schools, and 600 common schools. 

The constitution was formed in 1775, and reconstructed in 1790. The 
governor is elected for two years by a joint vote of both houses of the as- 
sembly. After having served one term, he is ineligible for the next four 
years. A lieutenant-governor is chosen in the same manner and for the 
same period. The Senate consists of 45 members, elected by districts for 
four years. The House of Representatives consists of 124 members, ap- 
portioned among the several districts according to the number of white 
inhabitants and taxation, and are elected for two years. The representa- 
tives and one half the senators are chosen every second year, in October. 
The legislature meets annually in Columbia, on the fourth Monday in 
November. The chancellor and judges of the Supreme Court are chosen 
by the jouit ballot of both houses of the Assembly, and hold their offices 
during good behavior. Every free white male citizen 21 years of age, 
who has resided in the state two years immediately preceding the 
election, and who is possessed of a freehold of 50 acres of land or a town- 
lot, six months before the election ; or not possessing this freehold, who 
shall have resided in the election district in which he offers to vote, 
six months before the election, and have paid a tax of three shillings 
sterling to the support of the government, has the right of suffrage. 

The first settlement of this state was made at Port Royal, in 1670. 
The constitution of the United States was adopted in convention, May 
23d, 1788— yeas 149, nays 73. 

Columbia, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of the 
Congaree river, immediately below the junction of Broad and Saluda 
rivers, 130 miles from Charleston. From the river there is a gradual 
ascent for one mile, reachmg to a height of 200 feet, where it spreads out 
into a plain of iwu o' three miles in extent, descending on every side. 
On this plain the 'ty is built. It is regularly laid out into wide and 
handsome streets, and extensively planted with trees. It has a stale- 
house 170 feet long, 60 wide, and two stories high ; a court-house, town- 
hall, market-house, two banks, a theatre, an academy, a female seminary, 
on asylum, 6 churches, and 4,400 inhabitants. Columbia is also the 



144 



STATE OF SOUTH CAROLIIVA. 



seat of South Carolina College, founded in 1804, which has a presidtnt 
and 6 professors or other instructors, 150 students, and 15,000 volumes in 
its libraries. The commencement is on the first Monday in December. 
Its buildings are commodious, and contain a philosophical apparatus and 
an observatory. The Southern Theological Seminary, founded in 1831, 
has two professors, 16 students, and 4,000 volumes in its libraries. A 
bridge here crosses the Congaree river. Steamboats ply between this place 
and Charleston. Cars arrive from, and depart daily fur Charleston. 
Stages lenve daily for Raleigh via Cheraw ; 3 times a week for Augusta, 
Ga. ; for Greenville ; for Yorkville : twice a week for Rutherfordton, JV. C 




Charleston, the metropolis, is situated in 32° 46' 33" N. hit., and 79° 
57' 27" W. Ion., 580 miles from Baltimore, and 765 from New York. 
Population in 1840, 29,261 ; to which may properly be added the in- 
habitants of the " Neck" north of the city, but lying without its chartered 
limits, which contains 11,876; these added to the city population make a 
total of 41,137 inhabitants. Charleston is on a peninsula formed by the 
confluence of Ashley and Cooper rivers, which unite immediately belovtr 
the city, and form a spacious and convenient harbor, communicating with 
the ocean at Sullivan's Island, seven miles southeast of the city. The 
city is defended by Fort Pinckney, two miles below, and Fort Johnson, 4 
miles, and by Fort Moultrie on Sullivan's Island. The ground on which 
the city is built is elevated eight or nine feet above the level of the harbor 
at high tide. The streets generally run parallel to each other from east to 
west, extending from river to river, and these are crossed by others, nearly 
at right angles. The houses are neatly built, many of them of brick, and 
some of wood neatly painted, having piazzas extending to the roof, beau- 
tifully ornamented with vines. The houses in the suburbs hnv3 fine 
gardens abounding in orange, peach, and other ornamental or useful trees, 
and a profusion of vines and shrubbery. 

The public buildings are — a city-hall, an exchange, a court-house, jail, 
custom-house, a state citadel, a guard-house, two arsenals, a college, a 
medical college, an almshouse, an orphan asylum, a theatre, 7 banks, 26 
churches, 16 academies, and 2 high schools. 

The Charleston College, founded in 1795, has a president and four pro- 
fessors or other instructors, 67 alumni, 50 students, and 3,000 volumes in 
its libraries. The commencement is on the Tuesday after the fourth 
Monday in March. It has a fine edifice. The Medical C-oUege of the 
State of South Carolina, founded in 1833, has 8 professors, and 158 
students. The lectures commence on the second Monday in November. 
It is a highly respectable institution. — The Guard-house is a fine edifice, 
occupied by a military company of about 100 persons, some of them 
mounted, who patrol, the streets during the night. The Citadel, formerly 
used for this purpose, is now a military school, under the patronage of 



STATE OF 800TH CAROLINA. 145 

the etale. The Orphan Asylum accommodates 250 orphans and des- 
titute children. The Literary and Philosophical Society has a fine col- 
lection of objects in natural history. The Apprentices' Library contains 
10,000 volumes, and sustains annually a course of scientific lectures. 
The City Library contains about 18,000 volumes. Sullivan's Island, 7 
miles below the city, and at the entrance of tlie harbor, was the scene of 
important military events during the war of the Revolution. The city 
was founded in 1680, and chartered in 1783. Steamboats arrive from, 
and depart daily for Wilmington, JV. C. ; and there are lines to Savan- 
nah, Ga,, and to St. Augustine, Fl. Cars arrive from, and depart daily 
for Columbia ; for Mobile, via Augusta, Ga. ; Atlanta ; West Point ; 
and Montgomery, Ala. ; and for Memphis, Tenn., via Gunter's Landing, 
and Florence. Stages leave for Georgetown, for Camden, and for Savannah. 

The Eutaw Springs, 50 miles from Charleston, are more celebrated as 
the scene of a fierce Revolutionary battle than for their medicinal prop- 
erties. The water rises through a small opening in the earth, a few 
inches in diameter, and immediately forms a basin a few feet deep and 
about 300 feet around ; thence it percolates through a ridge of porous lime- 
stone, and at a short distance bubbles up and forms the head of Eutaw creek. 

Georgetown is situated on the right bank of the Great Pedee river, at 
its entrance into Winyaw bay, 9 miles from the ocean and 152 from 
Columbia. It contains a court-house, a bank, an academy, 4 churches, a 
public library, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The neighborhood is the 
scene of many of Marion's achievements ; and on North Island, the sum- 
mer retreat of the city people. La Fayette landed on his first visit to this 
country. Steamboats ply to Wilmington, JV. C, and to Charleston, 
Stages leave for Cheraw, and fur Charleston. 

Chkravv is beautifully situated on the right bank of the Great Pedee, 
on a plain elevated 100 feet above the river, 93 miles from Columbia. 
The river is navigable to this place for steamboats. It contains a town- 
hall, a bank, 2 academies, 5 churches, and 1,000 inhabitants. Steamboats 
ply to Georgetown. Stages leave daily for Columbus, and for Raleigh. 

Camden is handsomely situated on a plain, one mile from the east 
bank of Wateree river, and 33 miles from Columbia. The river is 
navigable for boats of 70 tons to the town. Camden contains an elegant 
court-house, a city-hall, an academy, four 
churches, a bank, a Masonic-hall, a public 
library, and about 2,300 inhabitants. A bat- 
tle was fought here Aug. 16, 1780, between 
the armies under Gen. Gates and Lord Corn- 
wallis; and another April 23d, 1781, betvj'een 
Gen. Greene and Lord Rawdon. On De 
Kalb-street, opposite the Presbyterian Church, 
is an elegant monument erected to the memory 
of Baron De Kalb, the corner-stone of which 
was laid by La Fayette in 1825. Two miles west from Camden is a large 
Indian mound, supposed to mark the site of an ancient town of the 
Catawbas. Stages leave daily for Columbia ; for Cheraw; and for 
Salisbury, JV. C. ; and twice a week for Charleston. 

Chestkrville is situated 57 miles from Columbia, on a lofty and 
beautiful elevation, between Catawba and Broad rivers. It contains a 
court-house, an academy, and 500 inhabitants. From its commanding and 
secure position, the town has been likened to a fortress of the baronial 
days. Stages leave 3 times a week for Columbia ; and for Charlotte, JV*. C 

7 




146 



STATE OF GEORGIA. 



Spartanburgh is situated on a branch of Brond river, and contains a 

court-house, several cliurclies, an academy, and 1,U(J(J inhabitants. Glean 
fiii/phitr Sjjriiigs, twelve miles southeast from iSpartanburgh, have a 
high reputation for the cure of cutaneous affections, and are much fre- 
quented. The waters of Cedar Spring are famous for their medicinal 
.'aualities. particularly in rheumatism, ulcers, and even in fever and ague. 
T/ie I acule.t Springs are also much resorted to, as are the Limestone 
Springs, all of which are in Spartanburgh district ; and also the famous 
battle ground of Cowpens. Stages leave 3 times a week fur CoLumbia ; 
for Greenville ; and fur lAncolnton, JV. C 

Greenville is ueautifully situated on a gently undulating plain, 107 
miles from Columbia. Reedy river runs beside it, and forms near it 
several beautiful cascades. The village is regularly laid out, and is re- 
markably healthy. It has a handsome brick court-house, a library, sev- 
eral houses of public worship, a male and female academy, and 1,500 in- 
habitants. In the north part ol the district are numerous picturesque 
spurs of the Blue Ridge, cataracts, &c. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
Columbia; for Jiugnsta, Ga. ; for Knoxville, Tenn., via Ashville, JV. 
C. : and twice a week for Spartanburgk. 

Beaufort is situated at the head of Port Royal river, 75 miles from 
Charleston. Its harbor is spacious and one of the best in the state ; it 
nas 3 churches, an academy, a library, and 1,600 inhabitants. Steamboats 
piy to Charle:>ton, and to S ivamiah, Ga. 




GEORGIA lies between 30*^ 30' and 35° N. lat., and 
between 80° 50' and 86° 6' W. Ion. from Greenwich, and 
.etween 3° S'/ and 8° 47' W. Ion. from Washington. 
It is 300 miles long from north to south, and 240 hroad, 
containing 58,000 square miles. Its population in 1840 
vvas 691,392; in 1845, 774,325. 

From the ocean for a distance of seven miles, there 
is a chain of islands intersected by rivers, creeks, and 
inlets, communicating with each other, and forming an 
inland navigation for vessels of 100 tons burden, along the whole coast. 
These islands consist of salt marsh, and land of a gray rich soil, which 
produces sea-island cotton of a superior quality. The coast on the main 
land for four or live miles is a salt marsh. Back of this there is a narrow 
margin of land, nearly resembling that of the islands ; these are partially 
or wholly overflowed at the return of the tide, and constitute the rice 
plantations. Then commence the pine-barrens, which reach from 60 to 90 
miles from the coast. Beyond this is the country of sand-hills, 30 or 40 
miles wide, interspersed with fertile tracts, and extending to the lower 
falls of the rivers. The part of the state above the falls of the rivers is 




STATE OF GEORGIA. 147 

called the Upper Country, and has generally n strong and fertile soil, often 
inclining to a red color, and furtlier inland it is mixed with a deep black 
mould, producing cotton, tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, and other kinds of 
gram. Black walnut and mulberry trees grow abundantly in this soil 
The forests produce oak, pine, hickory, and cedar. 

The rivers are— the Savunnah, ()U0 miles long, bounding the state 
on the NE., navigable for ships 17 miles to Savannah, and a part of the 
year for steamboats, 250 miles to Aucusta; the Altamaha, which is 
navigable for large vessels 12 miles to Darien. is formed by the junction 
of the Oconee and the Ocmulgee, and is navigable for sloops of 30 tons, 
by the former, to Dublin, 300 miles from the ocean ; the Ogeechee, iiOO 
miles long, and navigable for sloops 40 miles; Flmt river, which rises 
in the NW. part of the state, and after a course of more than 200 miles 
joins the Chattahoochee, forming the Apalachicola ; the Chattahoochee 
on the west border of the state, which is navigable 300 miles by steamboat 
to Columbus: the St. Mary's river, in the southwest part of the state. 

The first constitution of Georgia was formed in 1777 ; a second in 1785 • 
and the present in 1798, and amended in 1839. The governor is elected by 
the people, and holds his office two years. The senate consists of 47 mem 
bers, 1 for each district composed of two counties, except the county con- 
taining the largest population, which elects 1 member. The House of 
Representatives is composed of 130 members : the 37 counties having the 
largest number of inhabitants are entitled to 2 members each, and the re- 
mainder 1 each. The legislature meets biennially on the 1st Monday in No- 
vember Codd years) at Milledgeville. All the free white male inhabitants, 
who shall have resided within the county in which they vote, six months 
preceding the election, and shall have paid taxes in the state for the 
year previous, have the right of sufi'rage. The judges of tlie Superior 
Court are elected for 3 years by the legislature, and the judges of the in- 
ferior courts and justices of the peace are elected annually by the people. 

The colleges in this state are— the University of Georgia, at Athens ; 
Oglethorpe College, at Midway; Emory College, at Oxford ; the Georgia 
Female College, at Macon ; Mercer College, at Penfield ; Christ College, 
at Montpelier; Brownwood University, near La Grange ; Collinwortli 
Institute, near Talbotton ; and there are 180 academies and 630 schools. 

The iirst settlement in the state was made at Savannah, in 1733. In 
convention, Georgia adopted the constitution of the United States, Jan. 
2d, 1798, by a unanimous vote. 

Savannah, the metropolis and the largest city in the state, is in ,32° 4' 
56" N. lat., and 81° 8' 18" W. Ion., 90 miles from Charleston, 120 from 
Augusta, and 158 from Milledgeville. Population in 1848, 13,000. It 
is situated on the right bank of Savannah river, 17 mile'^ from lt^ enti.\nfe 
into the Atlantic. Owing to the safety of the channel' 
entering the harbor, it is rendered one of the finest m "s 
the southern states. Vessels requiring 13 feet of watp"--^ 
load at the wharves of the city. The plain on which ^^i- ^ 

the city is built is elevated forty feet above the river, ^> ^ 

and is almost a perfect level, and the streets cross ^-r -X 

each other regularly at right angles. Eighteen public ^ -- 

squares are laid out, and are bordered with trees, par S,- ^ 

ticularly the pride of India, which add much to the *^_ J 

beauty of the place. The houses are many of them ^^SaS^'^^®£^ 
buildings. T/ie Pulaski Movumevt, a beautiful Done obelislv, standing 
in the centre of one of the public squares, was erected in 1825, to the 



148 STATE OF GEORGIA. 

memories of Greene and Pulaski. It is built of white marble, and is 
53 feet in height. 

The city contains a court-house, an exchange, an arsenal, a guard-house, 
the United States barracks, a theatre, an asylum, a widows' asylum, 13 
churches, a market-house, an hospital, several tine banking-houses, 3 acad- 
emies, a public library, an historical eociety, several charitable societies, and 
a number of extensive mills and manufactories. It is a great cotton mart. 
The city was founded in 1733, and incorporated in 1761. Steamboats ply 
to Charleston, and St. Augustine. Cars arrive from, and depart daily 
for Atlanta via Macon, from whence a daily line of stag'cs leaves for 
Columbus : and for Augusta, taking stages at Brinsonville depot. 
Stages leave twice a week for St. Augustine, FL, via Darien : and for 
Charleston, S. C. 

MiLLEDGEViLLE, the Capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of 
Oconee river, at the head of steamboat navigation, 158 miles from Sa- 
vannah. Population 2,100. The city is built on uneven ground, with 
streets running parallel with the river, and crossed by others at right 
angles. The State-house stands on an eminence in a public square, three- 
fourths of a mile from the river ; it is a tasteful edifice of the Gothic 
order of architecture. The Representatives Hall is 60 by 54 feet, and con- 
tains full-length portraits of La Fayette and Gen. Oglethorpe ; the Senate- 
chamber has portraits of Washington and Jefferson. The other public 
buildings are, a governor's house, 3 churches, 3 banks, an academy, a 

market-house, an arsenal, 
and a magazine. Ogle- 
thorpe College, founded in 
1836, is situated in Med- 




Xv 



V!]l I V. I 'J *V\ " ^ "i^^^^ ^vay village, near the city. 



:g,!"L' "'. * u j^Li'L 




^*iiL '-"""' ) '' \ i~ ~i^^^^ ^' ^^^^ "■ pf^^^"^^"^' ^ p^°' 

"^ S-t'i>.-' ^r- i^^^^xmr^ .'A lessors or other instructors, 

^. .^^.- , ^'^^ students, and 2,000 

-«i:5»-'^^^^^?^^ volumes in its libraries. 
Tlie commencement is on the WeUnesilay after the second Monday in No- 
vember. Stages leave Milledgeville daily for Columbus via Macon ; 
for Augusta via fVarrenton ; and for Savannah, {from Emmet de- 
put by railroad ;) three times a week for Madison; and also for Haw- 
kinsvillc, 

Augusta is situated on the right bank of Savannah river, at the head 
of steamboat navigation, 127 miles from Savannah. The city is regularly 
laid out and handsomely built, chiefly with brick, the streets being orna- 
mented with trees, and many of the houses are spacious and elegant. It con- 
tains a city-hall, court-house, a theatre, an hospital, a medical college, 
a female asylum, an arsenal, 7 churches, 3 academies, and 6,500 in- 
habitants. The Medical College of Georgia, founded in 1830, has seven 
professors, 115 students, and 124 graduates. The lectures commence on 
the second Monday in November. Cars arrive from, and depart daily 
for Atlanta ; from thence by stage and railroad to Montgomery, Ala. ; 
(see route 387;) for Memphis, Tenn., via Atlanta, Gunter^s handing, 
Ala., and Tuscumbia. Stages leave daily for Savannah via Brinsonville ; 
from thence in railroad cars to Savannah. 

Athenf, situated on the right bank of Oconee river, 75 miles from 
Milledgeville, contains 4 churches and about 3,000 inhabitants. It is the 
seat of the Georgia University, foundod in 1785, which has a president, 
6 professors, 515 alumni, 77 students, 19,P00 volumes in its libraries, and 



STATE OF GEORGIA. 149 

a very complete philosophical apparatus. The commencement is on tiie 
first Wednesday in August. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for 
Jiugusta. Stages leave 3 times a week for Covington ; for Gainesville ; 
and for Clarkesville via, Madison Springs. 

Tlie Madison Springs are twenty-five miles from Athens, on a branch 
of Broad river. The waters are stronf;ly impregnated with iron, and have 
been found efficacious in many complaints. There is here a spacious 
hotel with good accommodations. 

Clarkesville, on the head waters of the Chattahoochee river, has a 
court-house, two churches, an academy, and about 300 inhabitants. The 
Tallulah Fails, a beautiful cascade, are within twelve miles of Clarkes- 
ville ; and the surrounding scenery is exceedingly picturesque. Stages 
leave 3 times a week for Athens via Madison Springs ; for Madisonville, 
Tenn. ; and for Jlshville, J\r. C. 

Dahlonega is in a very picturesque situation between the Chestatee 
and Etowah rivers. It has a court-house, a branch of the Mint of tlie 
United States, and 300 inhabitants. Stages leave twice a week for Athens 
via Gainesville. 

Rome is beautifully situated on the point formed by the junction of the 
Etowah and Oostanaula rivers. It has a court-house, two churches, iin 
academy, and 400 inhabitants. In the vicinity of Rome are many arti- 
ficial mounds and excavations, of which there is no authentic history or 
tradition. Stages leave 3 times a week for Gainesville ; for Columbus ; 
for Montgomery, Ala. ; and for Huntsville. 

Macon lies at the head of steam navigation, on Ocmulgee river, built on both 
sides of tlie stream, but chiefly on the right bank, the parts being connected 
by a bridge 389 feet long. The streets are regularly laid out and very wide. 
It has a large and handsome court-house, a market-house, two banks, five 
churches, a college, 3 academies, and 4,000 inhabitants. A great amount 
of cotton is shipped from this place. In 1822 there was but a single house 
standing where the city is now built. The Georgia Female College, 
chartered in 1836, opened on the 7th of Jan., 1839, has a president, four 
professors, and several other teachers, and over 100 students. The terra 
commences on the first Monday in October, and continues ten montlis. 
Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Savannah ; for Memphis via 
Atlanta, Gunter''s Landing, Ala., and Tuscumbia. Stages leave daily fur 
dugi/sta via Milledgeville ; and for Columbus ; three times a week 
for Madison ; and for Pensacola, FL, via Albany, Bainbridge, and Chat- 
tahoochee, Fl. 

The Indian Springs, the most fashionable watering-place in Georgia, 
are situated on a small branch of Ocmulgee river, 52 miles from Milledge- 
ville. The waters are sulphurous, and have been found efficacious in 
rheumatic and cutaneous complaints. There are here ample accommoda- 
tions for visitors. Stages leave daily for Madison ; aiid for Columbus. 
(See route 388.) 

Columbus is situated on the left bank of Chattahoochee river, at the 
head of steamboat navigation, 284 miles from Savannah. The city is 
built on ground 60 feet above the ordinary height of the river, and 
immediately below the falls, which are a succession of rapids, descending 
111 feet within a few miles. Here are a court-house, 4 banks, a market- 
house, 5 churches, an academy, five schools, a number of mills and cotton 
factories, and 4,000 inhabitants. Many of the public buildings are in a 
style of superior elegance, and the prosperity and growth of the city are 
remarkable. In the year 1827, it was the council-town of the Cowetas, iin 



150 



BTATE OF FLORIDA. 



Indian tribe. It has an extensive cotton trade, employing a large numbei 
of steamboats. Stages arrive from, and depart dailjj for Savavnah, 
taking cars at Macon ; for Aiiiiusta via Indian Springs, and Madison ; 
and for Montgomery, Ala., taking railroad cars at Chehaw. 

La Grange is situated six miles east of the Cliattahoochee riv«r 
on a small stream, and 121 miles from Milledgeville. The village 
has a court-house, three churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. 
Several lines of stages pass through daily for Atlanta : and fur Mont 
gomery, Ala. j oc p 

The White Sulphur Springs are nine miles from Greenville, and 6ii troni 
Columbus. These springs are situated in a very picturesque region, and 
their waters are various, "the white sulphur, the strong and mild chuly 
beate," &;c. Stages arrive from, and depart for Columbus three times 
a week; and also for OreenvMe. 




FLORIDA lies between 25« and 31° N. lat., and be- 
tween 80" and 87° 35' W. Ion. It is 385 miles long 
and from 50 to 250 wide, containing 56,000 square 
miles. Population in 1840, 54,477. 

The face of the country is uneven ; but nowhere ele- 
vated over 300 feet above the sea. The whole extent 
of the coast is indented with bays and lagoons. A 
large portion of the country is covered with pine 
forests, the trees of which, standing at a considerable 
distance from each other, without brush or underwood, afford an oppor- 
tunity for the grass and flowers to spread with luxuriance over the surface 
of the earth during the whole year. The borders of the streams are 
usually skirted by hammocks of hard timber, entangled with grape and 
other vines. A large portion of Florida consists of what are usually 
denominated " pine-barrens," and much of it is sterile, though there 
are extensive tracts of table-land, hammock, and swamp, of the richest 
soil, and well adapted to the cultivation of sugar, rice, cotton, Indian 
corn, tobacco, and fruits. A considerable quantity of the pine land 
is equally rich, and even the barrens afford extensive ranges of graz- 
ing-land, usually intersected with streams of pure water. Many parts 
of the state abound in yellow-pine and live-oak timber. The seacoast 
is generally healthy, and in many parts remarkably so ; and the in- 
terior is equally healthy, unless it be in the neighborhood of extensive 
marshes. 

The peninsula, which is the southern portion of the state, presents a 
singular alternation of savannahs, hammocks, lagoons, &c., called col- 



STATE OF FLORIDA. 151 

lectively the Everglades, which extend into the henrt of the country for 
2(K) milea north of Cape Sable. They are drained on the north by the St. 
John's river, and on the west by Macaco, or Charlotte river. 

Tiiere are many bays on the western side of the peninsula, some of 
which form good liarbors. They are Perdido, Pensacola, Choctawhatchee, 
St. Andrews, St. Joseph, Apalachicola, Appalachee, Tampa, Carlos, and 
Gallivain's. On the east coast of the peninsula, the inlets afford harbors 
for coasting vessels. The St. John's is the principal river on the eastern 
coast. It often spreads from three to five miles in width, and at other 
places it is not more than one-fourth of a mile wide. It is exceedingly 
winding, and flows through a beautiful and healthy country. St. Mary's 
river rises in Okefinokee Swamp, Georgia, and enters the Atlantic be- 
tween Cumberland and Amelia Islands. Of the rivers which enter the 
Gulf of Mexico, the Apalachicola is the principal. It is formed by the 
junction of Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, about 100 miles from the Gull 
of Mexico. The Chattahoochee branch of this river is navigable for 
steamboats 280 miles to Columbus, Georgia. The other principal rivers 
are, Escambia, Suwanee, Withlacoochee, Oscilla, Ocklockony, and Choc- 
tawhatchee. Perdido river forms the western boundary between Florida 
and Alabama. It is navigable about seven miles above the bay, is a fine 
mill-stream, and its banks are covered with superior yellow-pine timber. 
There are in this state several streams of limpid water which sink into the 
earth and disappear ; and several which rise suddenly from the earth ; 
one in particular (the Wakulla) is navigable from its very source. There is 
no college in this state. It has 20 academies, and 60 common schools. 

By the constitution of the state, adopted in 18.38, the governor is elected 
for four years, and is ineligible for the succeeding four years. In case of 
vacancy, the president of the senate, or after him the speaker of the house, 
acts as governor. The General Assembly is chosen on the first Monday 
of October, and meets on the first Monday in November of each year. 
Senators are chosen for two years, and representatives for one year. 
Judges of the Supreme Court and circuit courts are appointed by the 
General Assembly, at first for five years, and after that term, during good 
behavior. The right of suffrage belongs to every free white male aged 
21 years or upwards, who has resided in the state for two years, and in the 
county for six months, and who shall be enrolled in the militia, or be 
by law exempted from serving therein. The state provides for a regis- 
tration of qualified voters. No minister of the gospel, and no officer in a 
baulking company, while he serves in the bank, nor for twelve months 
afterwards, can be eligible for governor, senator, or representative. 

Florida was discovered by Sebastian Cabot, sailing under the English 
flag, in 1497 ; but he did not land to examine the interior of the country. 
Ponce deLeon, a Spanish adventurer from Hispaniola, to some extent ex- 
plored the country in 1512, and a second time in 1516. In 1539 Hernando 
de Soto, who had greatly distinguished himself under Pizarro in the con- 
quest of Peru, sailed from Cuba and landed at Tampa bay, in Florida, 
with an armed force, with which he overran the country, though his 
followers were mostly cut off, and himself died. In 1562 the French at- 
tempted to establish a colony in Florida, which occasioned contests be- 
tween them and the Spaniards, in which the latter were finally victorious. 
In 1763, Florida was ceded to Great Britain by Spain. The Spaniards re- 
conquered it in 1781, and it was confirmed to them at the peace of 1783. 
In 1819, Spain ceded it to the United States, and it was admitted into the 
Union &b a state in 1845. 



152 STATE OF FLORIDA. 

Tallahassee, the capital of the state, is situated on a commanding 
eminence, 2l0 miles from St. Augustine. A fine mill-stream, flowing from 
Bcveral springs, runs along the east border of the town, and falls sixteen 
feet into a pool scooped out by its action ; and thence, after a short course, 
it sinks into a cleft of limestone rock. The city contains a state-house, a 
Tourt-house, a market-house, a United States land-office, an academy, 
4'lasonic-hal], three cliurches, and 1,800 inhabitants. It is regularly laid 
But and has several public squares. Stages leave 3 times a week for St. 
Augustine ; and for Pensacola. 

St. Augustine is situated on a peninsula, two miles from the ocean. 
The ground on which the city is built is but twelve feet higher than the 
sea. The houses are mostly embosomed in orange groves. The climate 
is delightful ; many winters pass without any frost, and the air may be 
said to equal that of Italy or the south of France. In summer it is 
tempered daily by the sea breezes, and the land breezes render the even- 
ings cool and pleasant ; hence it is a favorite resort of invalids from the 
north. The city is in the form of a parallelogram, one mile long and 
three-fourths of a mile wide, though not more than half of this extent is 
compactly built. Matanzas Sound lies in front of it on the east, and, 
sheltered by Anastasia Island, forms a capacious and safe harbor. St. 
Augustine is the oldest city in the United States, having been first settled 
by the Spaniards in 15154. Many of the streets are narrow and very 
crooked. The old houses are generally two stories high, and mostly built 
of shell-stone. A fine square opens from Matanzas river, and around it 
___3-^^ ---^— ^^____^g-^g;^^^^l^g;^-^^_ have been erected a neat 
^^^^^^s^m^^iS^S^^^^^^^f^^^^ court-house, two churches, 

- _ ~~ '" " J-ftl^ '^p and several elegant resi- 

^^^' .-^'^^gi^^^^^^^ dences. In the centre of the 

""- ; "^'^_^^ ^^^P ^ square stands a monument, 

',.. --^^^^F^' fllBlii dedicated to the constitution 

'? ^==^- J£^B R s^C " J^MJUy of the Spanish Cortez. The 

j I'i y?. ESJ^^yililfc - JHMp' ■harbor has nine feet of water 

::;5«W5SS?3{3|IS1S(iifc,i(i](gg!>"^~- — '-^i-^i^s' by Fort Marion opposite its 
entrance. The fort is l)omb-pro<)f, and intended to contain 1,000 men 
and 70 pieces of cannon, but is at present only used as an arsenal and 
prison. The city contains 4 churches, a United States land-office, ex- 
Vensive barracks, and 2,500 inhabitants. The citizens are composed of 
Americans, Spaniards, French, &c. Steamboats ply to Savannah and 
fjharleston. Stages leave 3 times a week for Tallahassee. 

Jacksonville is beautifully situated on the left of St. John's river, 
So miles from the ocean, and 38 miles from St. Augustine. It has a court- 
house, a church, a bank, an academy, and about 800 inhabitants. Stages 
leave twice a week for Darien, Ga., via St. Mary''s ; for St. .Augustine ; 
and for Tallahassee. 

The White Svlphur Spring is 80 miles from Jacksonville and 120 from 
Tallahassee. This spring, which is a great curiosity, rises in a basin 
10 feet deep and 30 in diameter, discharges a great quantity of water, and 
after a course of J 00 feet enters the Suwanee river. It is so strongly im- 
pregnated with sulphur that its waters may be distingu-ished for a con- 
siderable distance from its entrance into the river. The waters have been 
found highly beneficial in cases of consumption, rheumatism, dyspepsia, 
liver complaints, &c. There are here a large hotel, several boarding- 



STATE OF ALABAMA. 153 

houses, and n fine ^>atliing-Iiouse. Stages leave 3 time3 a week for 
Tallahnst'ev, and for Jacksonville. 

Pensacola is situated on Pensacola bay, ten miles from tlie sea, on a 
sandy plain 40 feet above the water. It is regularly laid out, and has two 
public squares, two churches, a court-house, market-house, a custom- 
house, and 2,000 inhabitants. Eight miles below the city is tbe United 
States Navy Yard, covering 80 acres of ground, and enclosed by a high 
brick wall. It contains houses for the officers, a naval store, and 
other buildings for naval purposes. Stages leave three times a week for 
J\Iobile. Ma.; for TallaJiassee ; and for Bainbridge, Oa. 

Apalachicola is on the right bank of the Apalachicola river, at its en 
trance into the Gulf of Mexico. It is a great cotton mart, and has u 
court-house, two banks, several churches, and about 1,500 inhabitants. 
Steamboats plj/ on the river to Columbus, Oa., ana also to J^ew Orleans. 



-s>^^s^*'«*S^^';' ALABAMA lies between 30^ 10' and Tlu" N. lat, 

"•^r^^^^^S^ anil between 8" and 1 1° 30' W. Ion. from Washing- 

SJ^JTjpn'f ^^^^ '-0"- It 's -^1^ miles long from north to south, and 

^^^■■i ■ 1 y ^^^L 174 broad, and contains 46,000 square miles. Popu- 

^^BMMt^^B '^'^'°" '" ^^'^^' 590.756. 

^^^^^^^^^^w The southern part of this state, which borders on 

'^\'^"'^~^^^{lM//~~ ^^^ Gulf of Mexico for the space of 50 or 60 miles, is 

ii^Md iJii'T ^ '°^ '^^^ level, and mostly covered with pines. In 
the middle it is hilly, and interspersed with prairies ; 
In the north it is broken, and somewhat mountainous. 1'he soil in the 
southern part of the, state is generally sandy and barren, but throughout a 
Jarge part it is excellent. In the northern and middle sections the 
natural growth is post, black and while oak, hickory, poplar, cedar, ches- 
nut, pine, mulberry, &c. The Alleghany Mountains terminate in the 
northeast section of this state, sinking here to elevated hills. The climate 
\n the southern part, and in the vicinity of the bottom-lands on the 
rivers, and near the Muscle Shoals in the Tennessee river, is unhealthy; 
l;ut in the more elevated portions it is salubrious. The winters are mild, 
ihe streams being rarely frozen, and the heat of summer is tempered by 
refreshing breezes from the Gulf of Mexico. 

Mobile river is the principal stream in the state. It is formed by the 
union of the Tombigbee and the Alabama, 40 miles above tbe city of 
Mobile. Tlie Alabama is a large river, and is navigable for vessels draw- 
ing six feet of water to Claiborne, 60 miles above its junction ; 130 miles 
further to the mouth of the Cahawba, it has 4 or 5 feet of water ; and to 
the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, of which it is formed, it has in 
Bhallowest places three feet of water. The Tombigbee is navigable for 

7* 



154 STATE OF ALABAMA. 

schooners 120 miles to St. Stephens, and for steamboats to Aberdeen, 
Miss. It is 450 miles long, and boatable for the greater part of its course. 
The Black Warrior forms a large branch of it, and is navigable to Tusca- 
loosa. The Chattahoochee forms a part of the eastern boundary of the 
state, and the Tennessee runs through the northern part. Alabama has 
only 60 miles of seacoast. But this includes Mobile bay, which is 30 
miles long and from 3 to 18 broad. 

The constitution of this state was formed in 1819. The governor is 
elected by the people for two years, but is eligible only four years in six. 
The senators are elected for three years, and one-third are chosen every 
year. Their number cannot be more than one-third nor less than a fourth 
of the number of the representatives. The representatives are elected 
annually, and are apportioned among the counties in proportion to their 
white population. They cannot be more than 100 nor less than 60 in 
number. The representatives and one-third of the senators are elected 
annually, on the first Monday in August, and the day following ; and the 
governor is elected biennially, at the same time. The legislature meets 
annually at Tuscaloosa, on the fourth Monday in October. The judiciary 
consists of a supreme court, a circuit court, and such inferior courts as 
the General Assembly may, from time to time, direct and establish. The 
judges are elected every six years by the joint vote of both houses of 
the General Assembly. The right of suffrage is possessed by every free 
white male citizen 21 years of age, who has resided within the state one 
year next preceding an election, and the last three months within the 
county, city, or town in which he offers his vote. 

There are four colleges in this state, viz. : The Liniversity of Alabama, at 
Tuscaloosa ; La Grange College, at La Grange ; Spring Hill Culltge, at 
Spring Flill, and Howard College, at Marion. There .-ire in the stale 120 
academies and grammar schools, and 650 common or primary schools. 
Alabama was admitted into tiie Union as an independent state in 1820. 




MtJBiLE, situated on the right bank of Mobile river, at Its entrance into 
Mobile bay, 30 miles from the sea, and 164 from New Orleans, is pleasantly 
seated on an extended plain, 1.5 feet above the highest tides, and has a 
beautiful prospect of the bay, from which it receives refreshing breezes. 
It contains a court-house, a United States Naval Hospital, city hospital, 3 
banks, a theatre. Burton Academy, 9 churches, and about 13,000 in- 
habitants. The city is supplied with excellent water brought in iron pipes 
from Spring Hill, two miles distant, and distributed through the city. 
Next to New Orleans, it is the largest cotton market in the Union. It is 
defended by Fort Morgan, situated on a low sandy point at the mouth of 
tl^e bay, opposite to Dauphin Island, and the harbor has a light-house. 
Mobile was ceded by Spain to the United States in 1813. Spring Hill 
College, at Spring Hill, two miles from the city, was incorporated in 1830 



STATE OF ALABAMA. 155 

It has a president and three professors, 70 students, and 4,000 volumes 
in its libraries. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Jfew 
Orleans, (fare $5;) for Montgomery ; and for Columbus, Miss. 

Montgomery, the capital of the state, is built on a high bluff, on the 
left bank and at the head of steamboat navigation, on Alabama river, 338 
miles from Mobile by the course of the river. It contains a court-house, 
7 churches, two academies, and 2,'250 inhabitants. The cotton shipped 
from this place amounts to 40,000 bales annually. This place has very 
recently been made the capital of the state, and preparations are already 
in progress for building an elegant state-house. Cars arrive from, and 
depart daily for Charleston, S. C, via Augusta and Atlanta. Steam- 
boats arrive from, and depart daily for Mobile. Stages leave 3 times 
a week for Columbus, Ga. ; for Rome, Ga. ; for Gunter's Landing ; 
and for Tuscaloosa. 

Wetumpka, situated on the left bank of Coosa river, 15 miles from 
Montgomery, contains 4 churches, an academy, the state prison, and 
2,600 inhabitants. The Harrowgate Springs, in the south border of 
the city, are much resorted to during the summer months. The waters 
contain valuable mineral properties. (See route 423.) 

EuFAULA is situated on the right bank of Chattahoochee river, 97 
miles from Montgomery. It contains 2 churches, several, extensive ware- 
houses, and about 600 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to Columbus, Ga. ; 
and also to Apalachicola. 

Tuscaloosa is situated on the southeast side of Black Warrior river, at 
the lower falls, on an elevated plain at the head of steamboat navigation, 
217 miles from Mobile. It was recently the capital of the state, and con- 
tains a handsome state-house, a court-house, a United States Land-office, 
4 churches, a Masonic-hall, an academy, an antheneum for young Indies, 
a lyceum, the Alabama Institute, and 2,000 inhabitants. The streets are 
spacious, regularly laid out, and neatly built. The halls of the Univcrsitu 
of Alabama are a 
mile from the city 
This institution, 
founded in 1828. 
has a president, 7 
professors or other 
instructors, sixty- 
three alumni, 60 
students, and 6,000 
volumes in its li- 
braries. The commencement tak.e= piace on Iik Wednesday after the 
first Monday in December. Stages leave three times a week for Mo. 
bile ; for Montgomery ; for Huntsville ; for Tuscumbia ; and for Co- 
lumbus, Miss. 

Gainesville is situated on the right bank of Tombigbee river, 283 
miles from Mobile by the course of the river. It is a great cotton mart, 
and has three churches, three academies, and about 200 inhabitants. 
Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Columbus, Miss., and for 
Mobile. Stages leave three times a week for Columbus, Miss. ; for Jack- 
son, Miss. ; and for Mobile. 

Demopolis is on the left bank of the Tombigbee river, immediately be- 
low the entrance of the Black Warrior, and 220 miles from Mobile. It 
contains a United States Land-office, three churches, two academies, and 
1,000 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Co- 




156 BTATE OF ALABAMA. 

liimbus. Miss., and for Mobile. Stages leave three times a week foT 
Tttscolcosa, and for Mobile. 

St. Stephens is on the right bank of Tombigbee river, 100 miles above 
Mobile. It is, next to Mobile, the oldest town in the state, and has a United 
States Land-offic'e, two churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. 
Stages Leave 3 times a week for Mobile, and for Tuscaloosa. 

Cahawba is situated on the right bank of the Alabama river, 240 miles 
by water from Mobile. It was formerly the capital of the state. It now 
contains a court-house, two churches, an academy, and 800 inhabitants. 
Steamboats pass daily for Mobile and for Montgomery. Stages Leaved 
times a week for Mobile ; for Tuscaloosa ; and for Hiattsville. 

Selma, sixteen miles above Cahawba, and on the same side of the 
river, has three churches, two academies, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 
Stages leave 3 times a week for Montgomery ; for Tuscaloosa ; and for 
Columbus, Miss. 

HuNTsviLLE is situated 144 miles from Tuscaloosa, and 10 miles north 
of Tennessee river. A copious spring comes out at the foot of a large 
rock with a force suffici-ent to move a forcing pump, which raises water 
for supplying the village with pure cool water. The village contains a 
court-house of Grecian architecture, a bank, of hewn stone, with an Ionic 
portico of costly and elegant workmanship, a neat market-house, a United 
States Land-office, 5 churches, an academy, a seminary, and 2,500 in- 
habitants. The houses are neat and tasteful, and many of them elegant. 
Stages leave 3 times a week for Knoxville, Tenn. ; for J^ashville ; for 
Florence ; for Tuscaloosa ; and for Montgomery. 

Florence is situated on the right bank of Tennessee river, imme- 
diately below the Muscle Shoals. When the water is not low, steam- 
boats ascend to this place, and it has great advantages for trade. It was 
laid out in 1818, on an elevated plain 100 feet above the river: the streets 
are wide and handsome. It contains a court- house, a United States 
Surveyor-general's office, 3 churches, two academies, and about 2,000 
inhabitants. 

TtrscuMBiA is on the left bank of Tennessee river, four miles below 
Florence, and 346 miles north from Mobile. It contains 3 churches, 4 
seminaries, several manufacturing establishments, and 2,000 inhabitants. 
A most extraordinary spring here flows from a large fissure in a limestone 
rock, which discharges 20,000 cubic feet of water per minute. The in- 
habitants are supplied with water from the spring. Steamboat, stage, and 
railroad line to Charleston, S. C. ; three times a week via Gunter's 
Landing, Atlanta, Ga., and .Augusta; and stages for Memphis. 
Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Maysville, Ky., via JSTashville, 
Tenn. ; and for Vicksburg, Miss., via Columbus and Jnckson. 

La Grange College is sixteen miles southeast from I'uscumbia. This 
institution was founded in 1831, and is under the direction of the Metho- 
dists: it has a president, 3 professors, 50 alumni, lOG students, and 2,200 
volumes in its libraries. 

Athens is situated on a small branch of Tennessee river, 25 miles west 
from Huntsville, and has a court house, 2 churches, an academy, and 500 
inhabitants. There are white sulphur and chalybeate springs 7 miles 
north of the village, which are much frequented. Stages leave 3 times a 
week for Huntsville and for Tuscumbia, 



STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. 



157 





^U^teIst^^'['l 1-, Mtudted between SO" W and 
35° N. lat., and between 80° 30' and 81° 35' W. Jon. 
It is 339 miles long from north to south, and 150 
broad. Population in 1840, 375,651. 

Tlie southern part of the state for about 100 miles 
from the Gulf of Mexico is mostly a sandy, level 
pine forest, interspersed with cypress swamps, open 
prairies, and inundated marshes, and a few hills of a 
moderate elevation. This region is generally healthy, 
and by cultivation produces cotton, Indian corn, sugar, indigo, &c. As 
you proceed further north, the country becomes more elevated and agreeably 
diversified, and the soil is a deep rich mould, producing abundantly cot- 
ton, Indian corn, sweet potatoes, indigo, peaches, melons, and grapes. 
The natural growth of timber consists of poplar, hickory, black-walnut, 
sugar-maple, cotton-wood, magnolia, lime, and sassafras. The country 
in the north part of the state is healthy and productive ; and the lands 
watered by the Yazoo, through its whole course in the northwest, are 
very fertile. The Mississippi river, with its various windings, forms the 
entire western boundary of the state ; and its margin consists of inunda- 
ted swamps covered with a large growth of timber. Back of this, the 
surface suddenly rises into what are called bluffs; and behind them the 
country is a moderately elevated table-land with a diversified surface. 
Cotton is the principal production of this state. The Yazoo is the 
largest river that has its whole course in the state. It rises in the NW. 
part, and after a course of 250 miles enters the Mississippi. The Pas- 
cagoula river, after a course of 250 miles, enters the Gulf of Mexico. 
At its mouth it widens into a bay. It is navigable for a considerable dis- 
tance for small vessels. The Big Black river, after a course of 200 
miles, enters the Mississippi just above Grand Gulf. It has a boat naviga- 
tion of 50 miles. Pearl river rises in the central part of the state, and 
passing through it to the south, forming in its lower part the boundary 
between this state and Louisiana, enters Lake Borgne. Its navigation ig 
much impeded by sand-bars and obstructions of timber. The Flomochitto 
13 a considerable river which enters the Mississippi. Besides these, there 
are a few other small rivers and creeks. A chain of low sandy islands, 6 
or 7 miles from the shore, enclose several bays or sounds, the largest of 
which are Pascagoula Sound and Lake Borgne. 

The original constitution of this state was formed in 1817, and the 
present in 1832. The governor is elected by the people for a term of two 
years, and cannot hold the office more than four years out of six: and in 
case of his death, resignation, or other inability, it is provided that the 
president of the senate shall perform the duties of governor, until another 
ghall be duly qualified. The senators are elected for four years, one-half 



158 STA'J y OF MISSISSIPPI. 

of the number being chosen biennially. They cannot be less than one 
fourth, nor more than one-third of the whole number of the representa 
lives. The representatives are elected biennially, on the first Monday an^ 
day following in November, and each county is entitled to one member. 
The legislature meets biennially at Jackson, on the third Monday in No- 
vember. Every free white male citizen of the United States, 21 years of 
age, and who has resided in the state one year next preceding the election, 
and four months in the county, city, or town in which he offers his vole, is 
deemed a qualified voter. 

The High Court of Errors and Appeals consists of three judges, elected 
for a term of six years, one of whom is chosen biennially. 

There are four colleges in this state, viz. : Jefferson College, at Wash- 
ington ; Centenary College, at Jackson ; Oakland College, near Rodney; 
and Mississippi College, at Clinton. There are 80 academies and 400 
schools. 

In 1716 the French formed a settlement where the city of Natchez 
now stands. This colony was afterwards destroyed by the Indians 
in the vicinity. In 17015 the territory was ceded to Great Britain. In 
1817 it was admitted into the Union as an independent state. 

Jackson, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of Pearl 
river, which is navigable to this place for small craft. It is built on a 
plain, a quarter of a mile from the river, is regularly laid out, and con- 
tains an elegant state-house, the governor's house, the state peniten- 
tiary, a United States Land-office, two churches, the buildings of Cen- 
tenary College, and 2,500 inhabitants. Centenary College, founded in 
1841, has a president, 5 professors, and 170 students. Cars arrive from, 
and depart daily for Vicksburg. Stages leave for J^ashville, Tenn., via 
Columbus and Florence, Ma. ; and for Gainesville ; and 3 tivies a week 
for JVatchez. 

Natchez is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 301 miles 
from New Orleans by the course of the river. A part of the city is built 
on the margin of the river, but mostly on a bluff elevated 150 feet above 
the water. The ground is somewhat uneven, but the streets are regularly 
laid out. The houses are mostly of wood, many of them elegant, and 
surrounded with gardens stored with fruit and finely ornamented with shrub- 
bery. It has a court-house, four churches, three banks, an academy, a 
female seminary, a theatre. Masonic-hall, an hospital, orphan asylum, and 
5,000 inhabitants. The country around contains fine cotton-lands, and the 
place is a great cotton mart, with an extensive and increasing trade. 
Three miles from the city is a race-course. Natchez was formerly the 
residence of the Great Sun, or principal chief of the JsTatchez, with whose 
permission the French built Fort Rosalie here in 1716. The Indians sur- 
prised and murdered the garrison, and nearly all the persons in the village, 
in the year 1729. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for JVcw 
Orleans. Cincinnati, St. Louis, <^c. Stages leave three times a week 
for Jackson and for St. Francisville, La. (See route 620.) 

Grand Gulf is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 
352 miles above New Orleans by the course of the river. It is on 
a remarkable bend of the river, locally known as the Grand Gulf, and 
has a town-hall, hospital, a theatre, two churches, a cotton press, and 
1,000 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily forJ^ew 
Orleans, £rc. (See route 620.) 

Washington, six miles east from Natchez, is pleasantly situated on a 
moderately elevated site, and consists chiefly of some 30 or 40 detached 



STATE OF MISSISSIPPI. 



159 







private residences, embosomed in the rich evergreen shrubbery of the 
south. It contains two neat churches and the buildings ot" Washington 
Cullege, established here in c_. 

180-, and endowed by Con gi_ r -^^rl*. 

gress with a grant of land 7 
The college buildings, which ^ 
are of brick, contain a h-fe, 
brary of 1,000 volumes, a^ 
chemical apparatus, a geo- 
logical cabinet, and a collec 
lion of Indian antiquities, to- 
gether with the fossil reniamb 
of a mastodon, and other curious relics found in this state. Attached to 
the college are about fifty acres of ground, one-half of which remains in 
Its original forest state. The location is healthy, and the vicinity has 
many tine springs of water, one of which, called Ellicott's Spring, is 
within the college grounds. 

Port Gibson is prettily situated on Bayou Pierre, 25 miles by the 
course of the stream from the Mississippi, and only eight from it at 
Grand Gulf. It contains a court-house, 3 churches, an academy, and 500 
inhabitants. 

VicKSBURG is on the left bank of the Mississippi r., 513 miles from New 
Orleans by the river. Though of recent origin, it has become a large and 
flourishing place. It contains a court-house, 5 churches, 3 academies, a 
theatre, and 4,000 inhabitants. The town is situated on the shelving de- 
clivity of high hills, and the houses are scattered in groups on the terraces. 
The Walnut Hills are just above the town. The country around is very 
fertile. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for JVcic Orleans, St. 
JLouis, Cincinnati, tS'c. {See routes 620 and 621.) Cars in connection 
with stages run to Maysville, Ky-, via .Jackson, Columbus, Tuscumbia, 
Ma., J^ashville, Tenn., and Lexijigtnn, Ky. 

Yazoo City, situated on the left bank of Yazoo river, 493 miles from 
New Orleans, has several extensive warehouses and 700 inhabitants. 
Steamboats ply to JVew Orleans. Stages leave 3 times a week for Holly 
Springs. 

Holly Springs is situated on a high ridge at the head sources of 
Yazoo river, and is surrounded by a delightful and fertile region. The 
village contains a court-house, an academy, 3 churches, and about l.,'i()0 
inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Memphis, Tenn. : 3 times a week for 
La Grange ; for Tuscumbia, Ala. ; for Columbus ; for Jackson ; for 
Yazoo City; and for Commerce. 

Columbus is situated on the left bank of theTombigbee, 120 feet above 
the river, at the head of ordinary steam navigation, 141 miles from Jack- 
Bon. It contains a court-house, two banks, an academy, a female senii- 
nary, a theatre, a United States Land-office, a market-house, 5 churches, 
and 4,000 inhabitants. A fine bridge here crosses theTombigbee. Steam- 
boats ply to Mobile. Stages leave daily for Vicksburg via Jackson ; fur 
jSTashville, Tenn., via Tuscumbia ; and 3 times a week for Meviphis via 
Pontotoc and Holly Springs. 



160 



STATE OF LOIJISIANTA. 







LOUISIANA lies between 29° and 32° N- lat. ^ 
It IS 240 miles long from north to south and 210 
broad, containing 45,350 square miles. Population in 
1840, 352,411. 

Below the mouth of Red river, the Mississippi di- 
vides into several branches or outlets, which, diverging 
from each other, slowly wend their way to the Gulf 
of Mexico, and divide the southwestern part of the 
state into a number of large islands. The western of 
these outlets is the Atchafalaya, which leaves the main stream at the 
mouth of Red river, and inclining eastward, flows into Atchafalaya bay 
in the Gulf of Mexico. About 128 miles below the Atchafalaya is the 
outlet of Plaquemine, the main stream of which unites with the Atcha- 
falaya ; but other portions of it intersect the country in different directions. 
Thirty-one miles below the Plaquemine, and 82 above New Orleans, is the 
outlet of La Fourche, which communicates with the Gulf of Mexico by 
two mouths. Below the La Fourclie numerous other small streams 
branch off from the river at various points. On the east side of the 
Mississippi the principal outlet is the Iberville, which communicates with 
the Gulf of Mexico through lakes Maurepas, Pontchartrain, and Borgne. 
The whole territory between the Atchafalaya on the west, and the Iber- 
ville, &c., on the east, is called the Delta of the Mississippi, from its 
resemblance in shape to the Greek letter of that name. A large extent of 
country in this state is annually overflowed. 

The alluvial margin along the Mississippi has a breadth of from one to 
two miles, and is of great fertility. To prevent the river from inundating 
the valuable tracts in the rear, an artificial embankment has been raised 
on the margin of the river, called the I^evee. On the east side of the 
river this embankment commences about forty miles below New Orleans, 
and extends up the river for a distance of 180 miles. On the west side it 
continues with little interruption to the Arkansas line. Along this portion 
of the river there are many beautiful and finely cultivated plantations, 
and a continued succession of pleasant residences. The southwestern 
part of the state consists of sea marsh, on the margin of the Gulf, but 
farther inland, of extensive and Fertile prairies, which contain many flourish- 
ing settlements. This country is elevated from ten to fifty feet above high 
tide. The country between the Mississippi, Iberville, and Pearl rivers, in 
its southern purts, is generally level, and highly productive in cotton, 
sugar, corn, rice, and indigo. The northern part has an undulating sur- 
face, and a heavy natural growth of white, red, and yellow oak, hickory, 
black-walnut, sassafras, magnolia, and poplar. In the northwestern part, 
the Red river, after entering the state by a single channel, and flowing 
obou thirty miles, spreads out into a number of channels, forming many 



STATE OF LOUISIAXA. 161 

lakes, islands, and swamps, over a space of 50 miles long and 6 broad. 
The bottoms on tiie river are from one to ten miles wide, and very fertile. 
The timber on these is willow, cotton-wood, iioney-locust, paw paw, iind 
buckeye; on the rich uplands, elm, ash, hickory, mulberry, black-walnut, 
with a profusion of grape-vines. On the less fertile and sandy uplands 
of the s'ate are white, pitch, and yellow pines, and various kinds of oak. 

The Mississippi river forms the boundary of the state for a considerable 
distance, and in its lower part runs wholly in this state, where it enters the 
Gulf of Mexico by several passes. It is navigable for vessels of the 
largest size. Red river enters the state near the northwest corner, and 
passes through in a southeast direction, discharging a vast amount of 
water into the Mississippi, 236 miles above JVew Orleans. The Washita 
runs in a south direction in the north part of the state, and enters Red 
river a little above its entrance into the Mississippi. Bayou La Fourche 
and Atchafalaya are large outlets of the Mississippi. The other rivers 
are the Black, Tensaw, Sabine, Calcasieu, Mermanteau, Vermilion, Teche, 
Pearl, Amite, Iberville, &c. 

Tiie country was first explored by the French, and received its name in 
16H2 from La Salle, in honor of Louis XIV. A settlement was attempted 
in 1684, but failed. In 1699, a more successful attempt was made by M. 
Iberville, who entered the Mississippi and founded a colony. His efforts 
were followed up by M. Crozat, a man of wealth, who held the exclusive 
trade of the country for a number of years. About the year 1717, he 
transferred his interest in the province to a chartered company, at the head 
of which was the notorious John Law, whose national bank and Mis- 
sissippi speculation involved the ruin of half of the French nobility. In 
17.31 the company resigned the concern to the crown, who in 17(52 ceded 
the whole of Louisiana to Spain. In 1800 Spain reconveyed the province 
to the French, of whom it was purchased by the United States in 1803. 

The governor and lieutenant-governor are elected for 4 years. Represen- 
tatives are chosen for 2 years, aad senators for 4 years, one-half being 
chosen biennially. Tiie judicial power is vested in a supreme court, dis- 
trict courts, and injustices of the peace. Judges of the Supreme Court 
are appointed by the governor, and hold their office.s for 8 years. The 
legislature meets biennially. Every free white male, wlio has been two 
years a citizen of the United States, and attained the age of 21 years, and 
has resided in the state two years next preceding the election, and the last 
»ear in the parish in which he offers his vote, has the right of suffrage. 

The literary institutions in this state are — the Louisiana College ; Jeffer- 
«on College ; St. Charles College ; Baton Rouge College ; Franklin Cul- 
«ge ; Mandeville College ; and the University of Louisiana. There are 
60 academies and 200 common schools. 

Baton Rouge, the capital of the state, is on the left bank of the 
Mississippi, 140 miles above New Orleans. It is mostly built on a plain 
from 25 to 30 feet above hi-gh water, the business portion being on the 
street along the river at the foot of the bluff. The town contains a court 
house, three banks, the State Penitentiary, United States Land-office, 
four churches, a college, an academy, and 2,500 inhabitants. Baton 
Rouge College, founded in 1838, has a president, four professors, ana 
45 students, and 1,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is in 
December. The United States Barracks are on the river bank just above 
the town, and are surrounded by highly ornamented grounds. Steamboats 
leave daily for J^Tew Orleans, Vicksburg, S,-c. A line of stages runs to 
J^ew Orleans , and also to St. FrancisviUe. 



162 



STATE OF LOUISIANA. 




New Orleans is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 105 
miles from its entrance into the Gulf of Mexico, in latitude 29° 57' 30" 
N., and 90° 8' VV. Ion. from Greenwich. Population in 1840, 102,193. 
The city is built on ground descending gently from the river towards I^ake 
Pontchartrain in the rear ; so that when the Mississippi is full, the streets 
are three or fotir feet below the surface of the river. To prevent inunda- 
tion, an embankment four feet high and fifteen feet wide has been con- 
structed, called the Levee, extending from Fort Plaquemine, 43 miles 
below the city, to Baton Rouge, 120 miles above it. The position of New 
Orleans as a commercial emporium is unrivalled ; the Mississippi and its 
numerous tributaries, — embracing in their course at the south the region 
yielding sugar, cotton, and tropical productions, and northwardly the 
great agricultural and mineral riches of the vast Mississippi valley, — bring 
to it, with their fleets of steamboats, an immense trade in these great staples. 
■ The city proper is a parallelogram, extending 1,320 yards on the river ; 
but its whole length, including the incorporated fauxbourgs, is not less 
than five miles parallel with the river ; and it extends in breadth from one- 
fourth to three-fourths of a mile, and to the Bayou St. John, two miles. 
The houses are mostly of brick, and many of the residences in the 
suburbs are ornarnenled with orange-trees and gardens. TJie view of the 
city from the river is beautiful. On entering the central or lower part of 
it, the stranger finds it difficult to believe it an American city. The popu- 
lation is nearly equally made up of Americans, French, Creoles, and 
Spaniards. In the business season, from November to July, the river in 
front of the Levee, in its whole extent, is crowded with vessels of all 
sizes, and from all quarters of the world ; with hundreds of large and 
splendid steamboats, barges, flat-boats, &c. 

The public buildings are : the State-house — a plain structure, formerly 
the Chiirity Hospital — the Court-house, the City Hall, and the United 
State? Branch Mint, which is an edifice of the Ionic order of architecture, 
282 feet long and 168 deep. Merchants' Exchange, Commercial Ex- 
change, City Exchange, 14 churches, some of which are elegant build- 
ings, four orphan asylums, 6 charitable associations, a charity hospital, a 
Maison de Sante, two infirmaries, two reading-rooms, three theatres, a 
circus, an armory, several extensive cotton presses, 7 banks, 3 convents, 
and several large and elegant hotels. 

By authority of the state, the University of Louisiana is to be estab- 
lished in New Orleans, and to consist of four faculties, viz.,- law, med 
icine, the natural sciences, and belles-lettres ; the Medical College of 
Louisiana, as now organized, is to constitute the faculty of medicine. 
This institution was founded in 1835, and has a fine building on the corner 
of Common and Philippa streets ; it has seven professors and 30 students. 



STATE OF LOUISIANA. 163 

Lectures commence on the third Monday in November. Mandevilie Col- 
lege is on the noi'th side of Lake Pontcliartrain, 35 miles from the city. 
It has a president and 6 professors. The National Gallery of Paintings 
has some fine pictures. The United States Marine Hospital is at 
McDonough, on the opposite side of the river. The Cypress Grove Cem- 
etery, four miles from the centre of the city, is tastefully laid out: there 
arc 3 others, 2 Roman Catholic and one Protestant. 

New Orleans, from its shape, is often called the Crescent City, as those 
streets which follow the river make a curve somewhat in the form of a 
crescent. The vicinity affords the traveller many objects of interest. 
The road to Carrollton, six miles distant, is through delightful scenery ; 
and the Shell Road affords an agreeable ride to Lake Pontchartrain, 
distant six miles ; there is also a railroad to the lake. There are several 
other points of interest, and among them the battle-ground, six miles be- 
low the city, where the American army under Gen. Jackson gained a signal 
victory over a force of 8,000 British, killing in little more than an 
hour 2,000 of the enemy, with the loss of only 7 killed and 6 wounded. 

Fares from JVew Orleans on steamboat routes : — To Natchez, $4 to 6 
eabi7i, and $1 to 2 deck; to Vicksburg, $7 to 10— -$2 to 3 deck; to Mem- 
phis, $8 to 10— $2 to 3 deck ; to Louisville or Cincinnati, $12 to 20 — $2 to 
3 deck ; to Pittsburg, $12 to 20— $2 to 3 deck. To St. Louis, $12 to 15— 
$2 to 3 deck. To Nashville, $l5-$3 deck. To Little Rock, $12— $3 
deck. To Alexandria, $4 to 6— $1 to 2 deck : to Natchitoches, $7 to 10— 
$2 to 3 deck; to Siirevesport, $8 to 12 — $-2 to 3 deck : from Shrevesport, 
to Fort Towson, $15. From New Orleans, to Plaguemine, $'2 ; to St. 
Martinsville, (175 miles,) $6 to 8; to Opelousas, (217 viiles,) $6. 
To Mobile, $5 to 8. To Galveston, $15 cabin, $8 steerage, and $4 deck. 

Jackson is situated on Thompson's creek, 12 miles from St. Francis- 
ville. It is the seat of Louisiana College, founded in 1825, which has a 
president, eight professors or other instructors, 109 students, and about 
2,000 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the first Wednes- 
day in June. The village has 2 churches, 3 academies, and 1,000 inhabitants. 

■St. Francisville is on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 176 
miles from New Orleans. It contains a court-house, a church, an acad- 
emy, several extensive warehouses, and 1,000 inhabitants. It is a great 
icotton mart. Cars leave daily for Woodville — stages from thence to 
J>fatchez ; also 3 times a week for Liberty, Miss., via Jackson and Clinton. 

DoNALDSONViLLE, formerly the capital of the state, is situated on the 
right bank of the Mississippi river, just below the outlet of La Fourche. 
It has a court-house, an arsenal, a church, 4 academies, a United States 
Land-office, and 1,000 inhabitants. 

Opelousas is near the head of Vermilion river, 217 miles from New 
Orleans, and is surrounded by a level and pleasant country. Franklin 
College, founded in 1839, and located here, has a president, 3 professors 
or other instructors, and 70 students ; the commencement is on the first of 
November. The village contains a court-house, a United States Land- 
office, two banks, two churches, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Steam- 
boats ply to JVew Orleans. The lower route to Houston, Texas, via 
Balliew Ferry, on the Sabine, is from this place. 

Grand Coteau is pleasantly situated in the midst of small elevated 
prairies, seven rjiles from Opelousas, and has a Catholic chapel and some 
20 or 30 dwellings. Here is St. Charles College, under the direction of 
the Jesuits, which has a president, ten professors, and 70 students. The 
Convent or "Academy of the Sacred Heart," is near the village. 



164 



STATE OF TEXAS. 



Alexandria lies on Red river, a little below the lower rapids, 320 
miles by the course of the river from P^ew Orleans. It contains a 
court-house, two churches, and about 500 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to 
J^ew Orleans. 

Natchitoches is situated on the left bnnk of Red river, 414 miles from 
New Orleans by steamboat, and 178 miles from the junction with the 
Mississippi river. The village stands at the foot of a bluff, and contains 
a court-house, a United Slates Land-office, 3 churches, 3 academies, and 
about •2,()0U inhabitants. It has considerable trade. It was first settled by 
the French in 1717, and half of its inhabitants are of French descent. 
Stefimboats arrive from, and depart daily for JVew Orleans. The upper 
route through Texas to the Rio Grande is from this place, via Oaines 
Ferry^ St. JJugustine, Tex., Macogdoches, Rabbins Ferry, Bastrop, and 
San Antonio. 

Shreveport, on the left bank of Red river, 500 miles from New 
Orleans, contains a court-house, a church, and about 500 inhabitants. 
Steamboats ply to JVew Orleans, to Fulton, Fort Towson, and to Fort 
Washita, ^450 miles.) 





TEXAS, tlie southernmost state in the Union, ia 
situated between 26*^ and 40° N. lat., and between 94" 
and 107'' VV. Ion. from Greenwich, and contains 324,018 
square miles, and 200,000 inhabitants. 

The general aspect of the country is that of a vost 
inclined plane, gradually sloping from the mountains 
eastward to the sea, and traversed by numerous rivers, 
all having a southeast direction. It may be naturally 
divided into three regions: The first, which is level, 
extends along the coast with a breadth varying from 
100 to 30 miles, being narrowest at the southwest. The soil of this region 
is principally a rich alluvion, with scarcely a stone, and singularly free 
from stagnant swamps. Broad woodlands fringe the banks of the rivers, 
between which are extensive and rich pasture-lands. The second di- 
vision, the largest of the three, is the undulating prairie region, which ex- 
tends for 150 or 200 miles further inland, its wide grassy tracts alternating 
with others that are thickly timbered. Limestone and sandstone form 
the common substrata of this section. The third, or mountainous region, 
situated principally on the west and southwest, forming part of the Sierra 
Madre, or Mexican Alps, is but little explored. At its remote extremity, 
it consists of an elevated table-land, resembling the vast steppes of Asia, 
except in their superior fertility. The mountain sides are clothed with 
forests, and there are few if any districts of country of the same extent as 
Texats with so little unproductive land. 



STATE OF TEXAS. 163 

The principal rivers in the state are theSahine, Neches, Trinidad, Brazos 
de Dios, Colorado, Giiadaloupe, San Antonio, Nueces, and the Rio 
Grande. The Neches is navigable for small steamboats for more than 100 
miles, Trinidad river for three or four hundred miles, and the Brazos for 
half that distMnce. The Rio Colorado is obstructed by a raft ten miles 
from its mouth ; it will, when removed, be navigable for steamboats 200 
miles to Austin City, The San Antonio and Nueces are navigable for 
only short distances ; but the Rio Grande del Norte, a noble stream, having 
a course of 1,800 miles, will most probably, though in parts broken by 
rapids, become hereafter an important commercial channel. Galveston 
bay, into which the Trinidad flows, is about 35 miles in length, and from 
12 to 18 miles wide. — The Gulf of Mexico bounds its southeastern border, 
on which are many bays and some good harbors. 

The Texan year is divided into a wet and dry season. The former lasts 
from December to March ; and the latter from March to December. Snow 
is seldom seen, except on the mountains. Tiie country is in most parts 
covered with a luxuriant native grass, and it is amply supplied with 
timber, among which are the live-oak, white, black, and post oak, 
hickory, walnut, sycamore, caoutchouc, &c., and on the high lands pine 
and cedar. The " Cross Timbers" are two lines of continuous forests of 
great extent. — Cotton and the sugar-cane are the great agricultural staples, 
both of which attain to the greatest perfection. The grains chiefly culti- 
vated lire Indian corn and wheat. Peaches, melons, figs, oranges, lemons, 
pine-apples, dates, olives, grapes, &.C., grow abundantly. Great numbers 
of cuttle and horses are reared, and vast herds of buffaloes and wild horses 
wander over the prairies, while deer and game are abundant. — Among its 
minerals are coal of a superior quality, iron ore, limestone, granite, slate, 
gypsum, &c. Silver mines have been wrought in the mountains, and 
bitumen and salt are abundant. 

The principal literary institutions of the state are the University of San 
Augustine, at St. Augustine ; Wesleyan College, do. ; Rutersville College, 
at Rutersville; University of Nacogdoches, at Nacogdoches; University 
of Matagorda ; University of Galveston ; University of De Kalb ; Trinity 
College ; Guadaloupe College, at Gonzales ; and a college at Marshall. 
Only the first four have gone into operation. 

The governor is elected by the people for two years, but is eligible only 
four years in six. He must be 32 years of age, and have resided in the 
state three years previous to his election. The lieutenant-governor is 
chosen in like manner and for the same time, and must possess the like 
qualifications. He is president of the senate, and in case of the death, 
absence, or inability of the governor, exercises the duties of that office. 
The judicial power of the state is vested in one supreme court, district 
courts, and such inferior courts as the legislature shall apfwint. Judges- 
of the Supreme Court are appointed by the governor, with the advice of 
the senate, and hold office for six years. The senators are chosen by 
the people, and act for four years, one-half being elected biennially. 
They must be 32 years of age, and have resided in the state three years 
next preceding the election. The representatives are chosen for two 
years by the people. They must be 21 years of age, and have resided in 
the state two years preceding their election. The legislature meets once in 
two years. — Every free male person 21 years of age and a citizen of the 
United States, or who was at the time of the adoption of the constitution 
of the state of Texas by the Congress of the United States, or a citizen 
of tlie Republic of Texas, and who shall have resided in this state one 



166 



STATE OF TEXAS. 



year next preceding an election, and the last six months within the county 
in which he offers his vote, (Indians not taxed, Africans, and descendants 
of Africans excepted,) has the right of suifrage ; but no soldier, seaman, 
or marine in the army or navy of the United States, shall be entitled 
to vote. 

In 1821 the colonization of Texas was commenced by citizens of th9 
United States. After three years of struggle with the government oi 
Mexico, it finally became independent, April 21st, 1836, and was admitted 
into the Union as an independent slate in 1845. 

Austin, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of the 
Colorado, 21)0 miles from the mouth of the river, and 255 miles northwest 
from Galveston. It is built on a plain, elevated some thirty or forty feet 
above the level of the river. The Capitol is situated on a hill, and from it 
a very commanding view of the surrounding country may be obtained. 
The governor's house is upon another eminence, about three hundred 
yards from the Capitol. Austin contains two churches, and about 1,000 
inhabitants. (See routes in Texas.) 







Galveston, 255 miles from Anstni, and 35U vve»i by north of the 
southwest Pass of the Mississippi river, is situated on the east end of Gal- 
veston Island, and is the great commercial emporium of Texas. It waa 
settled in 1837, and has forty to fifty stores and commission houses, three 
cotton presses, two high schools, one university, shortly to be put in 
operation, five churches, and 5,000 inhabitants. It has a fine harbor, with 
twelve feet of water over the bar at low tide, and is the most thriving 
town upon the seacoast, and rapidly increasing in commercial importance. 
There are regularly piping weekly between this place and Jfew Orleans 
2 steam packets, a daily line to Houston ; also regular boats, running to 
the Brazos, Trinity, and Sabine rivers. 

Houston is situated nt the head of tide-water on Buffalo bayou, 188 
miies from Austin and 85 from Galveston. It is surrounded by a beautiful 
prairie, and contains a court-house, four churches, several extensive 
manufacturing establishments, and 4,000 inhabitants. It is an exten- 
sive cotton mart. Steamboats ply to Galveston. Stages run to Wash 
ington. 

Washinoton is situated on the right bank of Brazos river, at the 
head of steamboat navigution, except at seasons of high floods; and is 
133 miles from Austin. It contains 2 churches, an academy, and 1,200 
inhabitants. Stages run to Houston. 

Matagorda, 198 miles southeast from Austin, is situated on a plain 
north of Matagorda bay, and on the right bank of Colorado river, 35 miles 
from the Caballo Pass. It contains a court-house, a custom-house, cham- 
ber of commerce, 2 churches, an academy, and 700 inhabitants. Steam- 
boats ply to Galveston and JSTew Orleans. 



STATE OF TEXAS. 167 

Brazoria is situated on the right bank of the Brazos river, 30 miles 
from the Gulf, and 60 miles from Galveston. It has a court-house and 500 
inhabitants. 

San Felipe de Austin is on the right bank of the Brazos river, I'iO 
miles from Austin. It contained, prior to the revolution, about 600 in- 
habitants ; it was burnt by the retreating Texan arrny ; since that time it 
has been rebuilt, and now contains a court-house and 1,000 inhabitiints 

San Augustine is situated on the Ayish Bayou, a branch of the 
Ncches river, 360 miles ENE. from Austin, and 27 from Gaines' Ferry on 
the Sabine. It contains a courthouse, two churches, and 1,500 in- 
habitants; it is very healthy, being built on the high rolling lands, and is 
one of the most beautiful towns in Texas. The University of San 
•Augustine, incorporated in 1837, has a president, two professors or 
other instructors in the male department, and three instructors in the 
female department. The session commences on the third Monday in 
June. The Wesleyan. College, with a male and female department, 
has a president and four instructors. The session commences on the 
first Monday in March. Stages leave for J^atchi laches, and for JVacog- 
doches. 

Nacogdoches is 250 miles from Austin, and 60 west from the Sabine 
river, and is situated at the head of several small streams which enter, 
after a course of six miles, into the R. Angelina. It was formerly oc- 
cupied as a military post by the Spaniards and Mexicans. It contains a 
court-house, a Roman Catholic Church, ten stores, and about 1,000 in- 
habitants. The University of Nacogdoches was incorporated in 1845, 
and donated with four leagues of land. It has a president and two 
professors. 

RuTERSViLLE, 78 miles from Austin, and five from the Colorado 
river, is on elevated ground, and the country in its vicinity affords many 
views of picturesque scenery. It contains about 200 inhabitants. It is 
the seat of Rutersville College, established in 1840, and donated with four 
leagues of land. The college, which is under the direction of the Metho- 
dists, has 2 professors, and a preceptress. There are terms of 21 weeks 
each: the first commences on the third Monday in January, and the 
second on the third Monday in July. A new college building has 
been completed, which furnishes ample accommodation for a large number 
of students. 

San Antonio de Bexar, 90 miles south by west from Austin, is situ- 
ated near the head sources and on both sides of the San Antonio river, 
and is one of the most ancient towns in North America. The houses, 
which are one story high, with terraced roofs, are built mostly of stone. 
It contained, previous to the revolution, a population of some 8,000 ; its 
population at the present time is estimated at 1,500. In its vicinity stand 
the ruins of the Alamo. This was an oblong enclosure, with walls about ten 
feet high and 3 feet thick, covering an acre of ground ; it has been styled 
the Thermopylae of Texas, in commemoration of the heroic defence of 
Travis and his brave comrades. 

(Jorpus Christi, at the head of a bay of the same name, 250 miles 
south from Austin, has a court-house, several stores, and about 700 
inhabitants. Steamboats ply to Galveston and to JSTew Orleans. 

Bastrop, situated on the left bank of the Colorado river, at the 
crossing of the Great San Antonio road, is surrounded by a highly fer- 
tile prairie region. It has a court-house, several stores, and about 500 
inhabitants. 



168 



STATE OF ARKANSAS. 



Santa F" is situated at the base of a spur of the Rocky Mountains, 12 
miles east li-om the Rio Grande del Norte, on a small branch of that 
noble stream. It is in lat. 35° 41' and 106° W. Ion. from Greenwich, and 
is elevated about 7,000 feet above the sea. It is the nominal capital of 
the province of Santa Fe, or New Mexico, although, according to the 
claims of the late Republic of Texas, it is within the bounds of that 
state. It is 1,400 miles distant from the entrance of the Rio Grande into 
the Gulf of Mexico, and 1,067 miles by the great caravan route from St. 
Louis, Mo. The number of inhabitants in the town does not probably 
exceed 3,000, but including the several surrounding villages embraced 
within its incorporation, they amount to about 6,000. The city is very 
irregularly laid out, and most of the streets are little better than common 
highways. The buildings around the public square are the Governor's 
house, the custom-house, the barracks, the consistorial of the Alcaldes, 
the military chapel, several private residences, and most of the shops of 
the American traders ; these buildings are the only ones which have any 
pretensions to architectural regularity, tlie fronts of which are shaded 
with portales of the rudest description. The mountains about ten miles to 
the northeast of the town are supposed to attain an elevation of 12,000 
feet above the sea, and their summits are covered with perpetual snows. 
The silver mines are among the mountains to the southeast, where are pro- 
cured washings to a large amount annually. 




ARKAA^At? .leb between 33^ and 3b'^ JO N. lat., 
and between 89" 30' and 94« 30' W. Ion. It is 240 
miles long and 228 wide, containing 54,500 square 
miles. Population in 1840, 97,574. 

In the eastern part of the state, bordering on the 
Mississippi, and the large rivers which empty into Ft, 
the country is low and swampy,' with a heavy growth 
of timber, and is frequently overflowed. In the cen- 
tral part, it is undulating and broken ; and in the 
-orthwestern parts, the Ozark Mountains, rising sometimes to the heigM 
of 1,.500 feet, extend across the state. The Washita Hills, north of the 
Washita river, have considerable elevation. The soil is of 'jvery variety, 
from the most productive to the most sterile. On the margins of the 
rivers, it is exceedingly fertile ; but back of this the land is generally 
sterile. Prairies are abundant, and of immense extent. In many parts 
there is a scarcity of water. Cotton and Indian corn are the staple pro- 
ducti(jns ; but the country is weH calculated for raising cattle. Wild 
animals and fowls, as the buffalo, deer, elk, otter, beaver, rabbit, racoon, 
&c., wiJd-geese, turkeys, and quails, are abundant. Near the centre of 
the state there are numerous hot-springs, the temperature of which some- 
times rises nearly to the boiling point. 



STATE OF ARKANSAS. 169 

The Arkansas, the principal river, rises in the Rocky Mountains, and 
flows through the state in a southeast direction. It is navigable for steam- 
boats 300 miles to Little Rock ; and in time of high water, 350 miles 
farther to Fort Gibson, in the Indian Territory. The St. Francis, the 
White, and the Washita, are other important rivers. 

The constitution of the state was formed in 1836. The governor is 
chosen by the people for four years, but cannot hold the otfice more than 
eiglit years in twelve. The members of the senate are elected by tlie 
people for four years, and the representatives for two years. The elections 
are viva voce. The senate can never consist of less than 17 nor more than 
3'.i members ; the house of representatives of less than 54, nor more than 
)00 members. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed for eight 
years, and those of the Circuit Court for four years. These judges are 
chosen by the legislature. The judges of the county courts are chosen 
by justices of the peace. The legislature meets once in two years. Every 
white male citizen of the United States, who has resided in the state six 
months, is entitled to vote. 

There is no college in this state. It has ten academies and 150 com- 
mon schools. 

Arkansas was a part of the Louisiana purchase. It was made a terri 
tory in 1819, and admitted into the Union in 1836. 

Little Rock, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank of 
Arkansas river, 905 miles from New Orleans by the course of the rivers. 
It is built on a high rocky bluff, 150 feet above the water of the river, and 
is the first place where rocks occur west of the Mississippi. The city has 
a state-house, a court-house, five churches, two banks, a theatre, an 
academy, the State Penitentiary, a United States arsenal, a United States 
Land-office, and 1,500 inhabitants. Steamboats pip to JVew Orleans, and 
up the river to Fort Gibson. (See route 441.) Stages leave three times 
a week for Washington ; for Van Buren ; for St. Louis via Bates- 
ville and Frederickstown, Mo. ; and twice a week for Rock Roe ; thence in 
steamboats to JVew Orleans. 

Arkansas Post, situated on the left bank of Arkansas river, 685 miles 
from New Orleans, is on a high bluflT, and contains a court-house and 
200 inhabitants. Steamboats ply to JVeio Orleans, Little Rock, (S'C. 

Helena, situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river, con- 
tains a court-house, a United States Land-office, and 500 inhabitants. 
Steamboats arrive from, and depart for JVew Orleans, St. Louis, Cin- 
cinnati, and Pittsburg, and the intermediate places. 

Hot Springs is situated six miles north of the Washita river, and 
sixty from Little Rock. It contains a court-house and about 100 m- 
habitants. The Springs from which the village derives its name are about 
fifty in number : the waters rise from the west base of a mountain and 
flow into a small stream, which after a course of six miles enters the 
Washita river. The temperature of the springs differs, ranging from 
110 to 150'= of Fahrenheit. The waters have been found efficacious in 
chronic rheumatism, g&ut, scrofula, and cutaneous affections. There are 
here ample accommodations for visitors. Three miles northeast are the 
Chalybeate Springs, the waters of which are cold, and held in much re- 
pute by invalids. Thirty miles northwest are the Sulphur Springs, but 
recently discovered. Stages arrive from, and depart for Little Rock 
three times a week. 

8 



170 



STATE OF TENxNESSEE. 







INESSEE lies between 'Sb'^ and 3b« 30' JN. lat., 
1" 30' and 90° 10' W. Ion. Its mean length is 
400 miles, and its mean breadth 114 miles, containing 
45,600 square miles. Population in 1840, 829,210. 

Tlie Cumberland Mountains extend through the mid- 
die of the state, in a southwest direction, dividing it 
into two parts, denominated East Tennessee and West 
Tennessee. The western part of Tennessee is level, or 
gently undulating ; in the middle it is hilly. East 
Tennessee abounds in mountains, many of them elevated, presenting much 
grand and picturesque scenery. Of the mountnins, Cumberland, or Great 
Laurel Ridge, is the most remarkable. It nowhere has an elevation of 
more than 1,000 feet. Stone, Yellow, Iron, Ball, Smoky, and Unika 
mountains, forni a chain in the SE., and constitute the eastern boundary of 
the state. Northwest of these are B.-iy's Mountain, Copper Ridge, Clinch 
Mountain, Powell's Mountain, and Willing's Ridge, with valleys between 
them from 5 to 10 miles wide. Caves of great depth and extent are found 
in the eastern part of the state. 

The soil is various, but generally fertile. The western part has a black, 
rich soil; in the middle are great quantities of excellent land; in the 
eastern part the mountains are mostly sterile, but the valleys are very fer- 
tile. The country has a great profusion of native timber, poplar, hickory, 
walnut, oak, beach, sycamore, locust, cherry, sugar-mnple, &c. There 
are many medicinal plants. The soil produces abundantly cotton and 
tobacco, the staple commodities of the state ; also grain, grass, and fruit. 

The Tennessee river has its chief course in this slate. It is 1,200 miles 
long, and is navigable for steamboats to Florence in Alabama, 276 miles 
above its entrance into the Ohio ; and from the head of the Muscle 
Shoals, for boats 250 miles further. Cumberland river, which, rising in 
Kentucky, runs mainly in Tennessee, is navigable for steamboats 198 
miles to Nashville, and for boats 300 miles further. It enters the Ohio 
river in Kentucky, 60 miles from Mississippi river. The Holston, Clinch, 
French Broad, and Hiwassee are branches of the Tennessee. Obion, 
Forked Deer, and Wolf rivers, in the western part of the state, flow into 
the Mississippi, and are navigable for boats. 

The constitution of this state was formed in 1796, at Knoxville, and re- 
vised in 1833. The governor is elected by the people for two years, but 
is not eligible more than six years in eight. The representatives, who are 
apportioned among the different counties according to the number of 
qualified voters, are chosen biennially, and their number cannot exceed 7.'5 
until the population is 500,000, and can never afterwards exceed 99. 
The senators are chosen and appointed in like manner, and can never ex- 
coed one-third the number of representatives. The legislature meeib 



STATE OF TENNESSEE. 



171 




biennially, at Nnshviiie, in October following the election. It can be 
called together by the governor at other times, if necessary. Tlie ju(J),'es 
of the Supreme Court are appointed by the joint-ballot of both houses of 
the legislature, and hold tlieir otfice for twelve years. Every white 
person over -21 years of age, who is a freeholder in ihe county where lie 
oft'ers his vote, or who has resided in the county six months immediately 
preceding the election, enjoys the right of sutTrage. 

The literary mstitutions are: Greenville College, at Greenville ; Wash- 
ington College, near Jonesboro ; the University of Nashville, at Nash- 
ville ; East Tennessee College, at Knoxville ; Cumberland College, at 
Lebanon; Jackson College, near Columbia ; Franklin College, near Nash- 
vihe; and the Southwestern Theological Seminary, at Marysville. There 
are in the state 160 academies and 1,000 common schools. 

Tennessee was admitted into the Union as an independent state in 1796. 

Nashville, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of 
Cumberland river, 
at the head ofsteam 
boat navigation, 120 
miles from its junc- 
tion with Ohio riv- 
er. Its site is un- 
dulating, and is ele- 
vated from fifty to 
175 feet above the 
river. It contains 
an elegant state- 
house, a court-house, market house, a lunatic hospital, the State Peni- 
tentiary, three banks, ten churches, the halls of Nashville University, a 
seminary, several other schools of a high order, and 10,000 inhabitants. 
The Lunatic Hospital is a large and commodious building, and will ac 
commodate 100 patients. The University, founded in 1806, has a presi- 
dent, four professors and two tutors, 291 alumni, 100 students, and 10,000 
volumes in its libraries. The main edifice is 200 feet long, 50 wide, and 
three stories high. The commencement is on the first Wednesday in 
October. Staff es leave daily for Maysville, Ky., via Lexington ; for 
Viclcshurg, Miss., via Tuscumbia and Jackson ; three times a week 
for Knoxville; for Augusta via Atlanta; for Huntsville, Ala. ; for 
Memphis via Huntingdon and Bolivar ; for Columbus, Ky. ; and for 
Smithland. Steamboats leave for JVew Orleans, Si-c., via Smithland. 

Memphis is situated on a bluff, on the left bank of the Mississippi 
river, immediately below the mouth of Wolf or Loosahatchie river, 
798 miles above New Orleans. It is regularly laid out, and contains six 
churches, an academy, and 10,000 inhabitants. Memphis is the depot for 
West Tennessee, and its commerce is extensive, more than 120,000 bales 
of cotton being shipped from this place every season. A United States 
Navy Yard has lately been established here, and the necessary buildings 
are in course of erection. Steambonts arrive from, and depart daily for 
Ji'fiiD Orleans ; for Cincinnati ; for St. Louis, &rc. Stages in con- 
niction with steamboats and railroad cars leave for Charleston, 
S- C, via Tuscumbia, Ala., Ounter's Landing, Atlanta, Oa., and 
Augusta. Stages leave 3 times a week for JVashville ; for Jackson, 
Mi^s., via Holly Springs ; and also for Columbus. 

Columbia, 42 miles from Nashville, is situated on the left bank of 
Duck river, and contains a court-house, three churches, a bank, an 



172 STATE OF TENNESSEE. 

academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Jackson College, in the vicinity, 
founded in 1830, has a president and four professors, 100 students, and 
1,250 volumes in its libraries. Stages leave daily for J^ashville. 

Clarksville, situated on the right bank of Cumberland river, 65 
miles from Nashville by the course of the river, contains a court-house, 
three churches, an academy, two banks, and 2,000 inhabitants. It has an 
exleneive trade in cotton and tobacco. Steamboats leave for JVash- 
ville and for JVew Orleans. Stages leave 3 times a week for JVashville 
and for Smithland. 

Franklin is eighteen miles from Nashville, on the left bank of 
Big Harpeth river, and has a court-house, four churches, five acad- 
emies, and about 1,500 inhabitants. In the vicinity is Franklin Col- 
lege, founded in 1844, which has a president, six professors, and 90 
students. Stages leave 3 times a week for JVashville. 

MiJRFREESBORo', once the capital of the state, is situated on a small 
branch of Cumberland river, and contains a court-house, four churches, 
two academies, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week 
for JVashville ; for Knoxville ; and for Huntsville, Ala. 

Kingston, situated on the right bank of the Tennessee river, at the 
junction of the Clinch river, contains a court-house, two churches, an 
academy, and 700 inhabitants. 

Knoxville is on the right bank of Holston river, four miles below the 

^; junction of French Broad 

yj?g river, and at the head of 
-g: steamboat navigation. It 
-"J contains a fine court-house, 
^~ 'i churches, two academies, 
S^jjQ^a male and a female semi- 
^H? nary, and 1,500 inhabitants. 
SrJS-' The buildings of East Ten- 
'^^ nessee University are located 



^^^^I^M^ih^^S^^^S^^^ii^^t^a^^^^ on a beautiful eminence of 
coiisulerable elevation, on the north bank of the Holston, half a mile west 
of the city. Tliey consist of a large central edifice, two commodious 
halls, three stories high, for study and lodging rooms, three professors' 
houses, &c. The University has a president, four professors, 100 alumni, 
120 students, 3,800 volumes in its libraries, and an extensive chemical and 
philosophical apparatus, mineralogical cabinet, &c. The commencement 
is on the first Wednesday in August. Stages leave three times a week for 
Washington, D. C, via Abingdon, Va., and Staunton; for Raleigh, JV. 
C. ,■ for Charleston, S. C, via Warm Springs, Greenville, ^-c. ; for 
Chtirleston via Atlanta, Ga., and Augusta; for Savannah via Atlanta; 
for JVashville ; and for Lexington, Ky., via Cumberland Gap. 

JoNESBORo' is on a small branch, and ten miles south of Holston river. 
It has a court-house, three churches, two academies, and 1,000 inhabi 
tants. Washington College, in the vicinity, founded in 1794, has a presi- 
dent, three professors, 110 alumni, 45 students, and 1,000 volumes in ita 
libraries. Stages leave Jonesboro'' 3 times a week for Knoxville ; fur 
Abingdon, Va. ; and for Raleigh, JV. C. 

Marysville, 18 miles from Knoxville, is situated on a branch of Holston 
river, and contains a court-house, a church, and about 500 inhabitants. 
It is the seatof the Southwestern Theological Seminary, under the direittion 
of the Presbyterians, founded in 1821. which has two professors, 30 stu- 
dents, and 6,000 volumes in its libraries. 



RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, 

THROUGH 

THE SOUTHERN STATES. 



OSS) F'M Raleigh to 
Beaufort, 

fia Qoldsboro ' and 
j\'ewbern. 

To Biisbee's Store I 9 

Smithtield 18 27 

Boonhill 10 37 

Goldsboro' 15 5'2 

Kingston 26! 78 

Trenton 2S106 

Pollocksville 12118 

Newbern 8126 

Criivenville 16 142 

Beaufort 28170 



(340) F'm Raleigh to 
Plymouth, 
Via Washington. 
To Eagle Rock.. 

Waketieid 

Stanhope 

Mashville 

Rocky Mount ... 

Tarboio' 

Sparta 

Faulkland 

Greenville 

Pactolas 

Was^hington 

Plymouth 



Petersburg &,- Roanoke 
RaiLruad. 



Jarret's Depot.. 
Stony Creek.. .. 
Petersburg.. 
Proctor's Creek 
Richmond 

WAbHlNGTON, 

(see i\o. 2S8) . 



117 



(341) F'm Raleigh to 

Washington, 

Via Richmond, Va. 

Raleigh &(■ Gaston RR. 

ToHuntsville... 

Forrestville 

Franklin 

Staunton 

Henderson 

Ridgewny 

Macon Depot ... 

Littleton 

Gaston 



Greenville RR. 

Rn]and's,Va IIOI 97 

Belfield |llll08 



(342) F'm Raleigh to 
Norfolk, Va. 

Via Gareysburg. 

Raleigh Sr Gaston RR. 

To Littleton— 
(see No. 341) .. 
Stage. 

VVeldon 

Gareysburg 

Margaretsville... 

Portsmouth &i- Roanoke 

Railroad. 
Newson's, Va. 

Franklin 

Carrsville 

Suffolk 

Portsmouth. .. . 
Norfolk 



103 
12115 



141129 
13 143 

£,147 
131160 
1/1177 

11178 



(343) F'm Raleigh to 
Lynchburg, Va. 

Raleigh S,- Gaston RR. 
ToHuntsville.... 9 

Forestville 6 15 

Newlight 10 25 

Wilton 9 34 

Granville 8 42 

Stage. 

Oxford 15 57 

Bereii 1' 74 

Roxboro' 10 84 

Leasbiirg 10 94 

Milton 12106 

Danville, Va.... 12118 
Pittsylvania C.H. !9 137 
Robertson's Store. 7 144 



Chalk Level 


5 


149 


Ward's Bridge ... 


13 


162 


Castle Craig 


6 


168 


Yellow Branch... 


6 


174 


Cannpbell C. H. .. 





179 


Lynihburg 


12 M 


(344) F'm Raleigh to 


Wytheville 


, 


Via Greensboro' 


and 


Salem. 




To Moringsville.. 




20 


Chapel Hill 


8 


28 


Hillsboro' 


12 


40 


Mason's Hall 


.4 


49 


Trollinger's B'dge 


V 


IS 


Haw River 


3 


59 


Albright's 


4 


63 


Allemance 


6 


69 


Greensboro' ... 


13 


i-a 


New Garden 


6 


88 


Friendship 


3 


.41 


Kernersville 


7 


98 


Salem 


11 

6 
3 

9 


1(14 


Oldti,wii 


115 


BethniH 


118 


Little Yiidkin .... 


127 


Tom's Creek 


12 


139 


Mt. Airy 


11 

22 


150 


New Grwyson.Va. 


172 


Hillsville 


9 


l^'O 


Aiistinville 


189 


Wytheville ... 


13I2U2 


(345) F'm Raleig 


H TO 


Knoxville, T( 


3nn. 


Via Jones boro, 7 


"enn.. 


<Sr Greenville 




To Salem— 






(see No. 344) . . . 




109 


Panther Creek ... 


1H 


125 


Huntsville 


•1 


12« 


Hamptonville .... 


IS 


146 


Wilkesboro'... 


26 


172 


Reddy's River 


13 


185 


.Jefferson 


17 
12 


'W, 


North Fork 


?14 


Taylorsville,Tenn 


14 


228 


Moore's Iron W'ks 


9 


237 



174 



ROUTES IN NORTH CAROLINA. 



Dugser's Ferry... 
Elizubethtowu ... 

JONKSBORO' 

Leesburg 

Rlieatowii 

Hendersoirs Mills 

Greenville 

Gustavas 

Cheek's ^ Roads. 

Morristown 

Piiiither Springs.. 

Mo-;sy Creek 

Newmarket 

Strawberry Plains 
Knoxville 



9'246' 
132J9 

282 



292 

29a 

302 

315 

329 

335 

340 

348 

41352 

9 361 

16137; 



C346) F'ji Raleigh to 
Knoxville, Tenn. 

Fia Salisbury i,' Warm 
Springs. 



To Grove 

Hackney's t^ R'ds 

Pittsboro' 

St. Lawrence 

Marley's Mills.... 

Lianesville 

Asliboro' 

Spencer 

Cotton Grove 

Salisbury 

Woodgroye 

CoA'ansville 

Statesville 

Poplar Grove 

Hokesville 

Eavesville 

Drowning Creek . 

MORGANTOWN... 

Locust Grove — 
Pleasant Garden . 

Old Fort 

Swannano 

ASHVILLE 

French Broad 

Lapland 

Warm Springs.. 

Newport 

Oak Grove 

Dandridge 

Tuckahoe 

Mechlenburg 

Knoxville 



di3i 

11142 
9151 

5:156 

10166 
10:176 
151191 
20 211 1 
5 216i 

10 226 i 
12238: 
12 250 

11 261 
10 271 
16 287 
27 314 
10 324 

8 332 
11343 
15 358 

51363 



Cheraw,S.C... 331132 

'Fiiier's Ferry 35 16/ 

Camden 2.j 192 

Columbia 33'225 

(34S) F'm Raleigh to 
Wilmington. 

To Goldsboro'— I I 
(see No. 338) ...I I 52 

Wilmington ^' Raleigh 
Railroad. 

Dudley's 9 61 

Faison's 12 73 

Warsaw 8 81 

Strickland 8 89 

Teachy's 9 98 

S. Washington. 9 107 

Bergaw 7 114 

RocTvy Mount.. 8i l22i 
Wilmington.. 14i 136| 

C349) F'm Gareysburg 
TO Beaufort, 

Via Plymouth Sr JVew- 
bern. 



To Jackson 

Rich Square 

Britton's Store .. 

Windsor 

Plymouth 

Washington 

Swift Creek B'dge 

Newbern 

Cravensville... 
Beaufort.... 



(350) F'm Edenton to 
Norfolk, Va. 



(347) F'm Raleigh to 
Columbia, S. C. 

F7a Fnyetteville and 
Cher aw, S. C. 

To Middle Creek. 12 

Averysboro' 23 35 

Fayetteville . . 25 60 

Davis' Springs ... 13 73 

Randallsville 12 85 

Montpelier 6 91 

Laurel Hill 8 99 



To Hertford 

Woodville 

Elizabeth City 

New Lebanon 

South Mills 

Lake Drummond. 
Deep Creek.Va... 
Norfolk 



(351) F'm Wilmington 
TO Norfolk, Va. 

To Gareysburg— I I 
(see No. 352)... I 1167 

Portsmouth <$- Roanoke 

Railroad. 
Margaretsville.... 12179 
Nevvson's,Va. ... 14 193 

Franklin 13 206 

Carrsville 5 211 

Suffolk 13 224 

Portsmouth 17 241 

Norfolk Ii242 



(352) F'm Wilmington 
to Washington, D.C 

Via Richmond. 

Wilminston S,- Raleigh 

Railroad. 
To Rocky Mount. Hi 

Bergaw 8| 23 

S. Washington... 7 30 

Teachy's 9 39 

Strickland 9 4!: 

Warsaw 8 56 

Faison's 8 64 

Dudley's 12 76 

Goldsboro' 9 85 

Nahunta 11 96 

Barden's 7 103 

Tossnott 6109 

Joiners' 7 116 

Rocky Mount.... 9 125 

Battles' 8133 

Enfield H I44 

Halifax 11 155 

Weldon 7 162 

Gareysburg 5 167 

Richmond, Petersburg, 

Sr Potomac RR. 
Pleasant Hill.... 10177 

Belfield 10 187 

Jarrett's 11 198 

Stony Creek 9 207 

Petersburg ... 11 218 
Proctor's Creek. Hi 229i 

Richmond 11 240i 

Taylorsville 21 Mi 

RutherGlen 8 269i 

Milford 10 279i 

Guiney's 11 290i 

Fredericksb'g 12 302i 
Aquia C'k Land- 
ing, Va 14 316J 

Steamboat. 

Mt. Vernon 27 343^ 

Alexandria 8 351i 

Washington. . . 7 358i 

(353) F'm Wilmington 
TO Fayetteville. 

To Robinson's.... 16 

Westbrook 15 31 

Elizabethtown ... 18 49 

Prospect Hall .... 17 66 

Fayetteville .. 22 88 

(354) F'm Wilmington 
TO Charleston, S.C. 

Steamboat. 
ToSmithville....! I 30 
Charleston 130I16C 

(355) From Fayette- 
ville to Salisbury. 

To Murchison's 

Mills 14 

Johnsonville 9 23 



ROUTES IN SOUTH CAROLINA. 



175 



Cnrthage 

Cttledoiiiii 

Sugg's Bridge.. 

Hill's Store 

Mt. Lebanon ... 
Healing Springs 
Salisbury 



39 



'356) From Salisbury 

TO Norfolk, Vu. 
To Cotton Grove. 

Spencer 11 

Ashboro' 16 

Lanesville 12 

Marley's Mills 4 

St. Lawrence 10 

Pittsboro' 12 

Hackney's X R'ds 7 

Grove 7 

Raleigh 20 

Norfolk— 
(see No. 342)... 178 



293 



(357) F'm Salisbury TO 
Lynchburg, Va. 



To Greensboro' 
Danvilie, Va. .. 
Lynchburg ... 



52 
521104 

73ll77 



C358) From Salisbury 
TO Wytheville. 

To Lexington 17 

Salem 20 37 

Wytheville — 
(see No. 344) ... 93 130 

B59) From Salisbury 
TO Clarksville, Ga. 

27 
48 75 
o9i 134A 
29i 164 
37" 201 
24 225 
23 248 



To Statesville . . 
Morgantown . . . 

Ashville 

Waynesville ... 

Franklin 

Clayton 

Clarksville.. 



(360) F'M Salisbury to 
Greenville, S. C. 



To Jjincolnton... 

Erwinville 

Spartansburg 

Greenville — 



52 
291 81 
33114 
3lll45 



(361) F'mSalisbury to 

Abbeville, S. C. 
Via Charlotte Sr York- 

ville. 
To China Grove 

Concord 11 

flarrisburg 12 

Charlotte .. 

Whitehall 

Ranalesburg... 
YORKVILLK, S.C.I15 



Blairville 

Pinckneyville 

Mt. Tabor 

Decatur 

Unionville . 
Cedar Grove . 

Cross Keys 

Huntington... 
Laurensville.. 

Waterloo 

Stony Point .. 

Deadfall 

Smithville 

Abbeville .. 



105 
HI 

117 
123 
135 

146 
151 

158 
159 
168 

(362) From Salisbury 
TO Columbia, S. C. 

Via Yorkville. 
To Yorkville— 
(see No. 361) ... 71 

Guthriesville 7 78 

Brattonsville 3 81 

Chester 12. 93 

Blackstock's 11104 

Yonguesville 5 109 

Albion 7 116 

Winnsboro' 5 121 

Cookham 9130 

Columbia 20 150 



Wadesboro' 

Morven 

Sneedsboro' 

Cheraw, S. C... 

Society Hill 

Darlington 

Mar's Bluff 

Jaft'rey's Creek... 

Flintville 

Lynch's Creek 



China Grove 19 

Georgetown ... 21 



57 
67 
71 

85 
100 
115 
128 
133 
145 
156 
175 
196 



40 



(363) From Salisbury 
to Charleston, tS.C. 

Via Charlotte Sr Cam- 
den, S. C. 
To Charlotte, 

(see No. 361) ... 

Mt. Seer 8 

Pleasant Valley, 

S.C 7 

Bel Air 4 

Cureton's Store... 8 

Lancaster 10 

Pleasant Hill 11 

Sandton 6 

Fiat Rock 3 

Camden Ih 

Bradford Springs. 1 

Sumpterville 1 

Privateer 20 

Vance's Ferry 16 

Roadsville 13 

Inabret's 17 

South Carolina RR. 
Charleston 1331244 

(364) From Salisbury 
TO Georgetown, S.C. 

Via Cheraw. 

To Rock ville 

Kendall's Store... 

Albemarle 

Norwood 

Cedar Hill 

I Beverly 





15 i 


10 


25 


3 


2S 


12 


40,' 





45|; 


6 


5ii; 



(365) From Salisbury 
to Wilmington, 
Via Fayetteville. 

To Healing Sp'gs. 18 

Mt. Lebanon 8 26 

Hill's Store 8 34 

Snugg's Bridge .. 15 49 

Caledonia 6 55 

Carthage 18 73 

.lohnsonville 16 89 

Murchinson'sM'ls 9 98 
Fayetteville.. 14112 
Prospect Hall .... 22134 
Elizabethtown ... 17 151 

Westbrook; 18169 

Robinson's 15 184 

Wilmington 16 200 

(366) F'm Charleston 
to Georgetown, 

By Stage 1 I 60 

(367) F'm Charleston 
TO Salisbury, 

Via Camden (S- Char- 
lotte. 
To Surnpte-ville — 
(s e No. 363) ... 99 

Camden 30129 

Lancaster 38 167 

Charlotte, N.C... 37 204 
Salisbury 40 244 

(368) F'm Charleston 
TO Knoxvillk, Tenn. 

Via Columbia &' Ash- 
ville, JV. C. 

South Carolina RR. 
ToBranchville...! I 62 

Branchville S,- Columbia. 
Railroad. 

Rowe's Pump 9 

Orangeburg 9 

Semerson's 6 

Lewisville 5 91 

FortMotte 8 99 

Gadsden 121111 

Hopkins 8119 

Woodlands 5124 

; Columbia 6130 



17C 



ROUTES IN GEORGIA. 



Ottkville 

Poiimriu 

Newberry , 

Pa^esviile 

Ilimlsvilie 

Holland's 

Laurensville . 

Greenwood 

Founluin Inn 

Plums 

Greenville 

Tritveller's Rest . 

Merrittsville , 

Fliit Rock 

Heiulersoiivilie .. 

Wud Creek 

Limestone 

Ashville 

French Broad ... 

Lnplund 

liar in S fir hiss. 

Newport 

Oak CiTuve 

Uaiidndge 

'J'nckalioe 

Mei-hlenbiirg. .. . 

K.SO.WILLE 



143!iC371) F'MCHARLESTONiiCiarksville, «a. ..|20| 79 



lot; 
170 
179 

184 

5 isy 

9 IMS 



TO SjaVannah, 
By Steamboat. 



1110 



II 

8 
t) 

13 lij^^ 
13j;i 

7-j;8; 

5:-3S3 

4^2S- 
10 29; 
11308 
10 318 i 
16:«4 
2;3til 
10 371 

8379 
111390 
15:405 

51410 



C372) F'.M Columbia TO 

Raleigh, N. C. 
T''ia Camden ir C/ieraw. 



To Camden 

Tiller's Ferry 

Che RAW 

Laurel Hill. xN. C. 

Moiitpelier 

llaiulallsville 

Davis' Spring 

Fayettkvillk .. 

Averysboro' 

Middle Creek 

1 Raleigh 



(369) F'.M Charleston 
TO Algusta, Ga. 

South Carolina RR. 

To Mile Pump... I 8 

Sneath's 5 13 

Woodstock 3 IB 

Ladson's 2 1* 

Sonierville 4' 2'J 

Lawrence's i _ 

Inabrel's 

R.ss's 

St. George's "4^ 



(373) F'm Columbia to 

Salisbury, 

Via Yorkville 

ToCookham I 20 

Winsboro' 9 29 

Albion 5 34 

Y(jiif?uesville 7 41 

Blackstock's 5| 46 

Chester Hi 57 

Brattonsville 12l 69 

Guthriesville 3 72 



Nacoochee |13j 92 

Uahlonega 1211113 

(377) Fr'm Abbkville 
to Union Point, Ga. 



To Calhoun's M'ls 
Petersburg, Ga. .. 

I Diinbury 

Washington 

Tyrone 

I'liblic Square. .. . 
Union Point 



i 12 
11 23 

8 31 

10 41 

9 50 

11 61 
91 70 



Yorkville 
Ranaiesburg, iNC. 

Whitehiill 

Charlotte 

II in l^lnlrg 

I -ord 

a (irove 



Keeve's 

Branchville .. 
L'listo Turn-out. 

Midway 

Loury's 

Gnihaiii's 

Blackville 

Williston 

\yiiite Pond 

W'liulsor 

Johnson's 

Aiken 

Clark's 

ftlarshes 

Hambiir? 

Augusta, Ga. . 



D- 



6ti 

72 

76 

81 

90 

9;^ 

103 

41107 

8lll/. 

11-20 

4 124 

4128 

8,136 

lll37 



C370) F'.M Charleston 
TO Savannah, Ga. 

To Jacksonboro'.l I 32 

Blue House |18 oO 

Pocotaligo 114! 64 

Grahaiiisville ilo 



79 

15! 9^ 
8102 
SillU 

12^129 
1 1 140 
^ ,1 :sBURY llOiloO 

(374) F'm Columbia to 
Rutherfordt'.n, iN(.". 

To Maybintown . 42 

G.ishen Hil: 1 8 .0 

Unionvi.Ji.. il6 66 

Glenn's Springs ..|16 8".; 

Sptirtansburg |12 94 

Ruth erfordt'n 137 131 

(375) F'.M Columbia to 
Augusta, Ga. 

To Lexington., 

Leesvihe 

Rid-e 

Edgefield C. H. 

Hamburg 

Augusta 



(376) F'm Greenville 

TO Dahlonega, Ga. 

ToPickensville ..I IIS 

Picken^C. H |l8 31 

West Union 10 41 

Savannah, Ga...l33Ul2Ji Davis' Ferry Ii8l 59 



(378) Fro.m Savannah 
TO Augusta. 

Central Railroad. 
To Brinsonsville 
(see No. 379) . 
Stage. 
Waynesboro' .... 22102 
Richmond Fact'yilolll/ 
Augusta Il0|127 

(379) From Savannah 
TO Macon. 

Central Railroad. 
To Eden Depot 

Reform 

Armenia , 

Halcyondale... 

Depot 

Scarboro' 

Brinsonville .. . 

.Midville 

IJolcomb 

Depot 

Davisboro' 

Teiinille 13 135 

Oconee 13 148 

Emniett 5 lo2 

Kingston 

Gordon 

Larkville 

Macon 



20 
30 
46 
50 
60 
70 
80 
90 

loo 

12112 

10122 



81160 
lOll-O 
lOjlSO 
101190 

(380) F'm Savannah TO 
Montgomery, Ala. 

Via Macon £r Coliim- 
has. 

To E. Macon— 
(see No. 379) 

Macon I 1 



190 
191 

Macon Sc Western RR. 



161207 

8215 
8223 
8|231 
6|237 
]0i247 
11258 
5263 
7! 270 
7277 
8285 

CoLU.MBUS i 1^301 



Prattsville. 

Forsyth 

Depot 

Barnesville. 

Union Hill 

Thomaston 

Pleasant Hill.. 

Bellevue 

Bluff Springs.. 
Waverly Hall. 
Ellerslie . 



ROUTES IN GEORGIA. 



177 



Crawford, Ala . 
Society Hill.... 

Tuskegee 

Cross Keys 

Ciibahatchie . . . 

Mt. Meigs 

Montgomery . 

(381) F'm Savannah TO 

St. Augustine, Fa. 

17 Marsh s, 

±' \l 'l..-l,»o 



12 313 Noah's Fork.... 101513 

- - - 14 527 

10 '537 
34 571 



To Okie. H.... 

Ricehoro' 

S. Newport 

Darien 

Bethel 

Waynesville 

Langsbury 

Jeffersoiiton 

St. Mary's 

Jacksonville, Fa. 
St. Augustine. 

(382) F'm Savannah to 
Nashville. Tenn. 



15 328 Millersbur.. 
15 343 Murl'reesbero' 
10 353 Nashville.. 
%l^^ (383) F'm Augusta to 
13 383 I Charleston, S. C. 
To Hamburg....! 1 1 
South Carolina RR. 
9 

Clark's 4 

Aiken 4 

(^2 Johnson's 5 

^ VVindsor 



13 



To E. Macon— 
(see No, 379).. 
Macon 



J\'Iaci>n<^V Western RR 



Pratlsville 

Forsyth 

Depot 

Barnesville 

Milner 

Griffin 

Depot 

Fosterville 

Jonesboro' 

Poolsville 

Atlanta 



16 



207 
215 

223 i 
231 

7 238, 
11249; 

257 J 

7 1264 1 

7 1271 ; 

10 2SI 

11292 

West'n i^- Atlantic RR. 



White Pond... 

Williston 

BlackviUe 

23140 iGlrahtim's 

40 180!iV'7^' 

Q« 9IH iMidway 

^""'^^ Branchvillk 

Reeve's 

St. George's... 

Ross's 

Inabret's 

Ltivvrence's..,. 

Somerville 

Ladson's 

Woodstock.... 

Sneath's 

Eight-mile Pump 

Charleston 



Stone Mountain! 8 1155 

Decatur 9i|lt)4i 

Atlanta 1 6'ill71 

(386.) F'm Augusta to 
I Nashville, Tenn. 

' Georgia Railroad. 
To Atlanta— I I 
I (see No. 385).. I ll71 

I West'n (^ Atlantic RR. 
iTo Chattanooga 
(see No. 382)., 
j Stage. 
iNashville 



148319 
1411460 

(387) F'm Augusta to 
Montgomery, Ala. 

To Atlanta— I I 

(see No. 385).. I 1171 

Macon Sr Western RR. 

11182 

10192 

7199 

15 214 



8il37 



Chattahoochee R 

Marietta 

Acwortli 

Allatoona 

Etowah River... 

Kingston 

Williams' 

Oothkaloga 

OostanauTa 

Connasauga 

Cross Plains.. 

Tunnel 

Dogwood 

Tennessee liine. . 
Chickamauga R. 
Chattanooga.. 

Stage. 
Lookout Valley. 

Jasper 

Battle Creek .... 

Peiham 

Hillsboro' 

Manchester 



300 : 

312 

:?26 

382; 

339; 

352; 

3621 

372 

377 

8385 

7 392 

7 399 

7 406 

7 413 

6 419 

11430 



6 436 
21 457 

4 461 
25 486 

9 495 

8503 



(384) F'm Augusta to 

Athens. 
To Union P'nt— I I 
(see No. 385)...! I 76 

Athens Branch RR. 

Woodville 1 4 80 

Salmonville 7 87 

Lexington Depot 9 96 

Pinston's 10 106 

Athens I 9 115 



(385) 



F'm Augusta to 
Atlanta. 



11 



Georgia Railroad. 

To Belair 

Berzelia 

Uearing 

Thompson 

Camak 

Gumming 

Crawfordsville . 
Union Point.. 

Greensboro' 

Buckhead 

Madison 

Rutledge 

Social Circle... 

Covington 

Conyers 

LitJionia 



Poolsville 

Jonesboro' 

Fosterville 

Griffin 

Stage. 

Zebulon 

Flat Shoals.... 

Greenville 

Mountville 

La Grange 

Long Cane 

West Point. 

Cusseta 

Mt. Jellerson.. 

Auburn 

Chehaw 



11225 

11 236 

10 246 

10 2)6 

8 264 

10 274 
52,9 

14 293 
7 3U0 

11 311 
10 321 

Montgomery and West 
Point RR. 

Uphawpee 913.30 

Fort Decatur 5 335 

Miigruders 10 345 

Creyons 11 356 

Montgomery ..I iu'3d6 

(388) F'm Augusta to 
Montgomery, Ala. 
Via Indian Springs. 



To Madison 

Sliadydale 

Monticello 

Planter's 

Indian Springs. 

Unionville 

Barnesville 

Union Hill 

Thomaston 

Pleasant Hill 

jBellevue 

i Bluff Springs 

Waverly Hall... 

Ellerslie 

Columbus 

i Montgomery.. 



104 
118 
126 
133 
143 
154 
171 
177 
187 
198 
203 
210 
217 
225 
161241 
82i323 



178 



ROUTES IN GEORGIA. 



(389) F'm Augusta to 
Montgomery, 

Via MUledgeville, Ma- 
con, <S- Cvlambus. 

To Camac— _ 
(see No. 385) . . . 

Wurrenton 

May field 

Sparta 

Devereaux's Store 

MiLLEDGEVlLLE. 

Wallace 

IVIacon 

Knoxville 

Fraiicisville 

Union 

Daviston 

Talbotton 

Ellerslie 

columblis 

Montgomery— 
(see No. 380) ... 



47i 
511 

60 { 

72 i 

801 

95 

108 

125 

loO 

156 

163 

175 

12; 187 

16'203 

16 219 

821301 



(390) F'm Augusta to 
Pexsacola, Flor. 

Vi'i fVarrenton,J\Iiicon, 
Bainbridffe, Chatta- 
houch.ee, i^LaQrange, 
Fcor. 

To Macon 

(seeiNo. 379) ... 12 

Busheeville 17 142 

Perry 12 154 

Limestone 8162 

Marshallville 3 165 

Traveller's Rest.. 17 182 

Americus 17 iy9 

Starkville 18 217 

Palmyra 7 224 

Albany 5 229 

Newton 20 249 

Bainbridgk 40 289 

Chattahoochee, 

Florida 41 

Marianna 25 



Oak Hill ilb 



Holmes' Valley 

La Grange 

Steamboat. 
Pensacola 



Anderson C. H, .. 

Steele's 

Pendleton 

Donble Branches. 

Pickensviile I 8 

Greenville 13 

Knoxville— I 
CseeiNo. 368)... 175 



(392) Fr'm Athens to 
Madison VI LLE.Tenn. 



Via Ciarksville. 



To Grove Hill.... 

Danielsville 

Madison Springs 

Carnesville 

Poinsett 

Clarksville 

Nacoochee 

Mauisonville... 



I 10 

6 16 

81 24 

12 36 



Athens 

Grove Hill 

Danielsville 

Madison Springs 

Carnesville 

Poinsett 

Clarksville.... 



73 

83 
89 
97 
109 
118 
136 



(393) Fr'm Athens to 
Dahlonega. 



To Jefferson. . . 
Cunningham's 

Store 

Gainesville 

Lucksville 

New Bridge .. . 

Auraria 

Dahlonega .. 



(394) Fr'm Athens to 

HUNTSVILLE, Ala. 

Via Rome &■ Gujiter's 

handing. 

To Gainesville — 
(see No. 393) . . . 

Cummings' 

High Tower 

Orange 

Canton 

Cassville 

Rome 

MissionaryStation 



(391) F'm Augusta to 
Knoxville, Tenn. 

Via Greenville, S. C Sr 
Askville, .V. C. 

To Hamburg,S,C. 

Edgefield 

Duntonsville 

IjOngmire's Store. 

Winter Sent 

Fraziersville 

Abbeville 

Temple of Health 
Varennes 





1 


J3 


24 


9 


33 


9 


42 


n 


47 


9 


56 


9 


65 


10 


75 


10 


85 



Ballplay, Ala. .. 

Guylesville 

Van Buren 

M.'irslmll 

Claysville, (oppo- 
site Giinter's 
Landing) 

Newhope 

HUNTSVILLE 



(396) From Milledge- 

VILLE TO DaRIEN 

To Emmett 

Irwiiiton 

Rains' Store 

Marion 

Tarversville 

Havvkinsville. 

Copeland 

Temperance 

Jacksonville 

Lumber City .... 

Boxville 

Perry's Mills 

Surrency 

Fort Barrington . 
Darien 



I8II86 
441230 
,101240 

(397) From Milledgk- 
viLLE to Columbus. 



To Wallace , 

Macon 

Knoxville ... 
Francisville , 

Union , 

Daviston 

I Talbotton .. 

Ellerslie 

i Columbus 



18183 
18 201 



5 206 
13 219 
22 241 



395) From Milledge- 
viLLE TO Clarks- 
ville, 

Via Mhens. 



To Cloptonsville .1 

Eatonton 10 

Madison 20 

Sulem 10 



56 



Watkinsville llOi 66 



92 
108 
124 



(398) From Macon to 
Augusta. 

To Wallace 17 

MiLLEDGEVlLLE. 13 30 

Devereaux' Store. 15 45 

Sparta 8 53 

Maytield 12 65 

Warrenton 9 74 

Camac Z\ Tii 

Georgia Railroad. 
Augusta 14711125 

(399) From Macon to 
Knoxville, Tenn. 

To Cross Plains I 

(see No. 382)... 201 

Stage. I 

Spring Place 9 210 

Pleasant Valley.. 6 216 

Cleveland, Tenn. 23 239 

Calhoun 11250 

Mantua 5 255 

Athens 10265 

Philadelphia 20 285 

Blain's Ferry.... 5290 

Campbell's Sta'n 15 305 

Knoxville 15 320 



N 


iiS- \ 




22 


3 


25 


15 


40 


6 


46 


9 


oa 


20 


75 


27 


102 


10 


112 


9 


121 


23 


144 


9 


153 


15 


168 



ROUTES IN FLORIDA. 



179 



(400) From Columbus 
TO (Jharlkston. 

Via Macon iS- Jlusasta. 
16 
24 
81 
38 
43 
54 
65 
71 



To Ellerslie — 
Wuveily Hull. 
Bluff Sprinss.. 

Bellevue 

Pleasant Hill.. 
Thomaston.... 
Union Hill.... 
Barnesville — 

MaconSr fVestern RR. 

Griffin I 18| 89 

Atlanta. I 43|lci2 

Georgia Railroad 

Augusta. l i 

(see No. 385).. 1 171 1 303 

South. Carolina RR. 

Charleston...! I 
(seeNo. 383). .11371440 

(401) From Columbus 

TO Savannah. 
To Barnesv'leI 

(see No. 400)..! 71 

Maoon &■ Western RR. 

Depot I 8 79 

Forsyth 

Prattsviile i 8 95 

Macon 1 16 111 

E. Macon ' 1112 

Central Railroad. 



Union Hill 

Biirnesville 

Uiiionville 

Indian Springs. 

Planter's 

MonticelU) 

Iiiidydale 

Madison 



(403) From Columbus 

TO Rome. 
To Cataula ... 

HaniiltoM 

Carlisle 

La Grange.. . 

Corintli 

Watson's 

JNewnan 

Lodi 

Rotlierwood . . 

Carrol Iton 

Hickory Level. 

Van Wert 

Cedartown 

Rome 



(406) FromMilledge- 
ville to Columbia, 
S. C. 

Via Augusta. 

To Devereaux' 

Store ...'. 15 

Sparta 8 23 

Miiytield 12 3-5 

Warrenton 9 44 

Camac 3i 47^ 



Larksville 

Gordon 

Kingston 

Emmet 

Oconee 

Tennille 

Davisboro' 

Depot 

Holcomb 

Midville 

Brinsonville .... 

Scarboro' 

Depot 

Halcyondale.... 

Armenia 

Reform 

Eden Depot 

Savannah 



10 
10 
10 

8 

5 

12 
13 
10 
12^202 

5120 
15 222 
10 1 232 
10 242 
1012.52 

412.56 
161272 
10 282 
20 I 302 



(402) From Columbus 

TO Madison. 
To Ellerslie .... 
Waverly Hall.. 
Bluff Springs... 

Bellevue 

Pleasant Hill... 
Thomaston 11 



(404) From Columbus 
TO Apalachicola. 

Steamboat. 
ToFt. Mitchell .. 12 
Orwiciiee Bend... 11 23 
M'Cloiui's Ferry . 21 44 

Roanoke ll 55 

EuFAULA 18 73 

Ft. Gaines 25 

Columbia 30 128 

Woodville 13 141 

Brown's Ferry ... 15 156 
Chat'ahoochee 28 184 

Ochessee 9 193 

Prison Bluff 20 213 

lola 25 238 

Ft. Gadsden 20 258 

Apalachicola 22 28( 

(405) FromMilledge 
viLLE to Tallahas- 
see, Flor. 

Via Bainbridge 
To Wallace.... 

Macon 

BiisbayvilJe 

Pe rry 

Limestone 

Marshallville. .. 
Traveller's Rest 

Americiis 

Stark ville 

I Palmyra 

] Albany 

Newton 

'Bainbridge ... 

lauincv, Flor 125 219 

I Salubrity J10 229 

ITallahassee ..11'240 



12 
9 
3i 
Georgia Railroad 

Thompson I 9 

Uearing 9 

Barzelia I 9 

Bell Air M 

lU 



^6i 
65i 
'44 



116 
125 
lb'2 
142 
160 
172 



17 
17 
12 

8 

3 
17 
17 

18:122 
7129 
51134 
20154 
40 194 



Augusta 

Ferrii. 
Hamburg, S. C. . 

Stiige. 
Edgefield C. H. . 

IjOtt's 

Ridge 

Leesville 

Lexington 

Columbia 

(407) FR'iM St. Augus- 
tine TO Tallahas- 
see. 

ToWhitesville (or 
Garey's Ferry) . 

Nevvnansville 

Lancaster 

JMiiierdl Spring . 

Columbus 

Madison 

Marion 

Lipona 

Lake Laura 

Tallahassee ... 



24 
72 
107 
127 
142 
154 
181 
187 
194 
210 



(408) From Tallahas- 
see TO Port Leon. 

By Railroad 1 I 26 

(409) From Tallahas- 
see to Pensacola. 

To Qnincy 21 

Chattahoochee ... 21 42 

iVI arianna 25 67 

Webb ville 12 79 

Cnmpbellton 14 93 

Almirante... 

Milton 

Floridatown 



42 135 
38173 
7180 
Pensacola 1151195 

(410) From Pensacola 
TO Mobile, Ala. 

ToBlakely I I 60 

Mobile il4l 74 

(411) From Mobile to 
Ch.arleston. 

ToBlakely | 114 

Stockton 115i 29 



180 



ROUTES IN ALABAMA. 



Mt. Pleasant ...J 3 


fi fi5 


Claiborne 1 


8 8H 


Burnt Corn 2 


il()8 


Greenville 5 


71H5 


Kirkville ] 


117fi 


Sandy Ridge 


5181 


Hickory Grove . . 


hl8B 


PintLala ] 


019H 


Montgomery.. 1 


vm 


West Point S 


m^s 


Atlanta It 


S;404 
1575 


Augusta 17 


Charleston ... IS 


71612 


(412) Fr'm Mobil 


E TO 


Montgomery 




Steamboat. 




ToFt. St. Philip. 1 


21 


Ft. Stodder : 


8 39 


Toinbigbee River. 


5 44 


English's Landing! 


9 53 


Tait's Landing... 5 


io V8 


.Fames' Landing.. 


4 92 


French's Landing 


H 98 


Oliver's Ferry 


9il07 


Gosport 

Turkey Shoals ... 


8115 


.8 128 


Bell's Landing ... 


5 14)1 


Lower Peach-tree. 


9 1n2 


Black Blutr L'd'g 


1 1ft 


Upper Peach-tree, i 


.3 17b 


Prairie Bluft \ 


1118; 



(414) From Mobile to 

Columbus, Miss. 

Steamboat. 

To Ft. St. Philip . 1 21 

Ft. Stodder 18' 39 

Alabama River .. 5 44 
Mcintosh Bluff. . . 13 
Crawford's Land- 



Canton 

Bridgeport 

Bogue Chitto 

Portland 

CJentreport 

King's Landing. . 

Cahawba 

Selma 

Frederick's Land. 

Benton 

Miller's Ferry 

Vernon 

Lovvndesport 

Washington 

Montgomery ... 



10197, 
3 2001 

12 212! 
5 217' 
3220! 

15 235 
5 240 

16 256 
9 265 

20 285 

13 298 
9 307 

10 317 

9 326 

12 338 



(413) From Mobile to 
Tuscaloosa. 



ToMt. Vernon...! 
New Wakefield.. '20 
St. Stephen's ..|15 

Coffeeville 17 

Pineville '22 

Narmafalia 110 

Montpelier 9 

Linden 11 

Springhill 9 

Demopolis ... 

Macon 

Greensboro' ... 

Havanna [15 

Carthage | 8 

Tuscaloosa !l7 



Sunflower Bend.. 
xMcMillan's Bluff. 

Shield's Ferry 

St. Stephen's 8100 

Stark's Landing . 12112 

Coffeeville 8120 

Turner's Shoals.. ,13 133 
Wood's Blutf....! 7140 
Cades Landing... 10150 
Nanafalia Bluff.. 21 171 
Turkey Shoals...! 14 185 

Moscow 21206 

Demopolis 14 220 

Tuscaloosa River. I 2222 
Buzzardroost Bl'ff 28250 

Jones' Bluff. 14264 

Trussell's Land 'g. 12 276 

Gainesville ! 7 283 

.lames town 12 295 

Vienna 10305 

Fairfield 15 320 

Ringo's Bluff....! 9 329 

Pickensville 9 338 

Young's Bluff, 

Miss I 8346 

Columbus 23,369 

(415) From Mobile to 
New Orleans, 

By Steamboat....! 1164 

(416) From Mobile to 
Pensacola 

ToBlakely I 1 14 

Pensacola 1601 74 

(417) F'm Tuscaloosa 
to Nashville, 

Via Huntsville. 

To Bucksville.... 

.Tonesboro' 

Elyton 

Mt. Pinson 

Village Springs .. 

Blountsville 

Martin's Stand... 

Oleander 

Lacy's Springs... 

Whitesburg 

Huntsville 

Meridianville 

Hazel Green 

Fayettevilie,Tenn 

[Lynchburg 

IFlat Creek 



Shelbyville I 7120H 

Fosterviile 13 221 

iVlurfreesboro' 12 233 

Stuartsboro' il4 247 

Buchanansville... 8255 
Nashville 1 12 267 

(418) F'm Tuscaloosa 
to Cortland. 

To Northport I | ] 

New Lexington . . 23 24 

Eldridge 128 52 

Thorn Hill !22 74 

Camp Spring !l9' 93 

Moulton 10103 

Cortland !l6 119 

(419) F'm Tuscaloosa 
to Columbus, Miss. 

ToCarrollton ....| 142 

Pickensville Ill 53 

Nashville, Miss... 10 6o 
Columbus 16 79 

(420) F'm Tuscaloosa 
TO Mobile. 

To Demopolis — I 
(seeNo. 413) ...I 64 

St. Stephen's 85149 

Mobile 168 217 

(421) F'm Tuscaloosa 
TO Montgomery. 

TdVl^rs I 24 

Scoltsville 6 30 

Centreville 8 38 

Randolph 14 52 

Maplesville 'lO 62 

Kingston 24 8>j 

Cnosada 20 1U6 

Wetumpka : 4110 

Montgomery ... 15 125 

(422) F'm Montgom'rv 
TO Augusta, Ga. 

Via West Point. 

Montgomery and West 
Point RR. 



43 

54 

68 

76 

95 

105 

14119 

11130 

4,134 

10|144 

8152 

6158 

16174 

151189 

12^201 



To Creyon's. . . . 

Magruder's 

Ft. Decatur 

[Jnhaupee 

Cnehaw 

Stage. 

Auburn 

Mt. Jefferson... 

Cusseta 

West Point 

Augusta— 
(see No. 387)... 279 



10 
21 
31 
36 
45 

55 

66 
73 

87 

366 



1(423) From Montgom 

ERY to Rome, Ga. 
To Wetumpka...] I 15 
iRockford 123138 



KOUTES IN ALABAMA. 



181 



3y1nr.fiuga.. 

IVeewokaville ... 

Vlardisville 

Falliulega 

Kelly's Springs... 

Fife's 

Alexiindria 

Jacksonville... 

Laiiiga 

State Line, Ga. .. 

Cave Spring 

Vann's Valley 

Rome 



'23 
10 

8 

5 

6 

6 
18 
10,124 
13137 
15152 

4156 

5161 
12 173 



(424) From Montgom- 
ery TO HUNTSVILLE. 

To Jacksonville — | I 
(seeNo. 423) ... 124 

Cove Creek 13 137 

Bennettsville ilS 152 

Aurora 10162 

Miirshall 17 179 

Claysville > 5184 

huntsville 35 219 

(425) F'm Montg'mkry 
TO Columbus, Miss. 

Via Selma. 

To Washington.. I I 10 

Vernon 110 20 

Mulberry 13 33 

18 51 

3 54 

15 69 

7 76 

18 94 

13107 

12119 

31122 

7129 

11130 

8138 

3141 

101151 



OELMA. 

Valley Creek... 

Hamburg 

Marion 

Greensboro' 

Erie 

Eutaw 

Springfield ..... 

Clinton 

Pleasant Ridge. 

Vienna 

Pickensville .... 
Nashville, Miss. 
Columbus 16 167 

(426) From Montgom- 
ery to Tuscaloosa. 



To Wetumpka. 

Coosada 

Kingston 

Maplesville 

Randolph 

Centreville 

Bcottsville 

Mars 

Tuscaloosa... 



I 15 

4 19 

20 39 

24 63 

10 73 

14 87 

8 9", 

6101 

24125 



(427) From Montgom 
ERY to Mobile. 

To Pint Lala 

Hickory Grove... 10 

Bandy Ridge 5 

Kirkville 5 

Greenville Ill 



13 



33 



Burnt Corn 57101 

(,^laiborne 25 126 

Mt. Pleasant 18|14-1 

Stockton 36180 

Blakely 15|m, 

Mobile 141209 

Fr'm Montgomery to 
Mobile. 

Steamboat. 
To Mobile- I | 

(see No. 412) ...I 1338 

(428) F'm Montg'mery 
to Columbus, Ga. 



To Mt. Meigs .... 

Cabahachie 8 

Cross Keys 9 

Tuskegee 10 

Society Hill jl5 

Crawford 15 

Gerard 11 

Columbus I 1 



(429) From Selma to 

huntsville. 
To Woodlawn .. 

Plantersville 

Maplesville 

Montevallo 

Shelby ville 

i^ilyton 

HUNTSVILLE— 

(see No. 427) .. 



90 



177 



(430) From Selma to 
Greenville 

To Cahawba.. 

Barnes 

Pleasant Hill.. 
Farmersville .., 

Bragg's , 

Manningham.. 
Greenville.., 



(431) From Selma to 
Tuscaloosa. 



To Valley Creek 

Hiimburg 

Marion 

Greensboro' 

Havanna 

Carthage 

Tuscaloosa 



43 

58 
,1 8 66 

'171 83 



(432) F'm Huntsville 
TO KNOXViLLK,Tenn. 

To Newmarket, 

Ala 17 

Salem 17 34 

Winchester 10 44 

llillsboro' 18 62 

Hickory Creek ... 9 71 

McMinnville 13 84 

44 rt Rock Island 13 97 



>PARTA 

Bonair 

Railroad Plains .. 

Crossville 

Bellville 

Post-oak Springs . 

Kingston 

Wood's Hill 

Campbell's Stat'n 
Knoxville 



13illO 

6|1I6 



122 
128 
148 
153 
160 
179 
185 
200 



(433) F'm Huntsville 
to Nashville, Tenn. 

To Meridianville.l 8 

Hazel Green ! 6 14 

Fayette ville, Tenn 16 30 

Mulberry | 7 37 

Lynchburg | 8 45 

Flat Creek 12 57 

Shelby ville ! 7 64 

Fosterville 13 77 

M urfreeshoro' 12 89 

Stuartsboro' 14 103 

Buchanansville...! Bill 
Nashville 112123 

(434) F'm Huntsville 
to Florence. 

To Shoal Ford ... 1 13 

Athens 12 25 

Rogersville |23 48 

Masonville 14t 62 

Florence I 9' 71 

(435) F'm Huntsville 
TO Florence. 

To Decatur I 1 31 

Tuscurnbia <S,' Decatur 
Railroad. 

Hillsboro' 12 43 

Cortland 8 51 

Jyeighton 

Tuscurnbia. 

Florence 



(436) From Florence 
TO Augusta, Ga. 

To Masonville | I 9 

Rogersville 12 21 

Athens 23: 44 

Shonl Ford 12 56 

Huntsville l3i Hi 

Cobb's Store 12; 81 

Newhope !lO; 91 

Cottonville 7| 98 

(^^laysville (opp. I 

Gunter'sL'd'g). 6104 

Marshall 5.109 

Van Buren 18 127 

Galesville 18 145 

Ballplay 9154 

Missionary Stat'n, 

Ga 16170 

Rome 12 182 

Kingston 18200 



182 



ROUTES IN LOUISIANA. 



Allatoona 

Acworth 

Marietta 

Atlanta 

Georsia RR. 
Augusta— 

(see No, 385)., 



171 



451 



(437) F'm Florence to 
Nashville, Tenn 



To Lawrenceburgl 

Mt. Pleasant ;22 

Columbia Ill 



Spring Hill,. 

Franklin 

Good Spring 

NASHVILLE . 



(438) From Florence 
TO Memphis, Tenn 

To Young's X 

R(3nds 15 

Savannah 33 

Combs' Store 4 52 

Adamsville 4 56 

Purdy 9 65 

Rose Creek 10 75 

Bolivar 22 9' 

Middleburg ] 7jl04 

Newcastle ! 5109 

Somerville 11120 

Whitehall i 5:i25 



Oakland. 

Birch Pond 

Morning Sun 

Green Bottom 

Raleigh 

Memphis 



5,130 
4134 
8142 
6148 
7,155 
10|l65 



(439) F'm Florence to 
Columbus, Miss. 



To Tuscumbia . 

Russellviile 

Toll-ate 

Pikeville 

Moscow 

Border Spring, 
Miss. 



Columbus 17 

(439A) Fr'm Florence 

TO Paducah, 

(Mouth of Tennessee 

River.) 

Steamboat. 
To Savannah, I 

Tenn 65 

Perrysville 58[123 

Reynoldsburg 48jl71 

Paducah, Ken.. 1051276 

3:5^ For distances on 
the Mississippi, Ohio, 
and Missouri Rivers, 
see pages 



(440) F'M N. Orleans 

TO Natchez. 
To La Fayette... 2 

Bonnet Carre 36 38 

Bringier's 20 58 

Uonaldsonville ... 15 73 

New River 10 83 

Iberville 9 92 

Manchac 10102 

Baton Rouge 

Port Hudson 

St. Francisville. . 



10112 
34146 
2148 
West Feliciana RR. 



Laurel Hill |17 



Woodville. 

Staffe, 

Cold Spring 

Natchez .. 



201211 



(441) F'm N. Orleans 
TO Ft. Gibson, Ind. 
Ter. 

Steamboat. 
To Napoleon, 

(m. of Arkan 

sas River) 620 

M'tgomery's Pt. 20 640 
Post of Arkansas 45 685 

Pine Bluff 120 805 

Little Rock . 100 905 

Lewisburg 65 970 

Dardanelle 451015 

SpadraBluff...| 301045 
Morrison's Bluffl 61051 
McLain's Bott. 151066 

Ozark 101076 

Van Buren 601136 

Fort Smith... 91145 

Fort Coffee | 201165 

Webber's Falls. I 601225 
Fort Gibson..! 401265 

(4414) F'm N. Orleans 

TO Opelousas. 

Steamboat. I 

To Plaqueniine,. 117 

Opelousas 100l217 



(442) F'm N. Orleans 
TO Archidelphia, 
Ark, 

Steamboat. 
To Mouth of Red 

River 

Trinity (Washita 

River) 

Harrisonburg 

Cyolumbia 

Monroe 

Burk's Landing, 

Ark 

Reason's Land. . 
Champagnole ... 
Beach Hills 



236 

122 3n8 

22 380 
64444 
79 523 1 

130 653 1 

12'665! 

8,673 1 

101683! 



Camden |22!7K 

Pf. Conpee L'd'g. 1071^' 
Lit. Missouri Ri v. 26 741 

Dallasport 43 784 

Manchester 14 79^ 

Archidelphia . . 112 81( 

(443) F'm N. Orleans 
TO Shreveport. 

Steamboat. I I 
To Red River L'g^ 2:3f 

Alexandria 84 32C; 

Natchitcx;hes 94 4)4; 

Shreveport 861500: 

(444) F'm N. Orleans 
to Galveston, Tex. 

By Steamboat....! 1450 

(445) F'm N. Orleans 
TO Mobile. 

Steamboat. 
To Pass Christian 
Mississippi City . 
Pascagoula 



65, 

14' 79, 

„„ 30109; 

Mobile I55l64 

(446) F'm N. Orleans! 
to Locopolis, Mis 

Steamboat. 
To Mouth of Ya- 
zoo River |420l 

Satartia |52 472l 

Yazoo City ,21 493| 

Tchula 57,5501 

Marion 33:583i 

Locopolis 177^660 ' 

(447) F'm N. Orleans 
TO Houston, Texas. 

To Opelousas— 

(seeNo. 44U) .. 

Buchanan's F*erry 

Billion's Ferry 

Pattillos, Texas . . 

Beaumont 

Liberty 

Houston 



1217 
90 307 
301337 
3340 
12352 
501402 
501452 



(448) F'mN. Orleans 
TO Austin, Texas, 

Via JSTatckitoc/ies. 
Steamboat. 
To Natchito- I 

CHES— 

(seeNo. 443) ...! 414 

Fort Jessup 25 4^9 

Lowe's Ferry ....29 468 
Snbine Town, i 

Texas ! 2 470 

Milan 15;485 

San Augustine... 15|500 
Nacogdoches... 35'535 

Douglass 15 550 

Mt. Airy 10 560 



ROUTES IN TEXAS AND ARKANSAS. 



183 



Crockett ^7 597 

Cincinnati 30 B2i 

Huntsville la 'J^e 

Montgomery 25 t)67 

Rusk 12 679 

F.'uitliorp's 5 684 

AVashington 18 702 

Imlepeiidence 11 'l-"! 

Hit. Vernon 10 723 

Shelby's 15 738 

RntersviJle 19 757 

Lii Grunge 5 762 

piinn Grove 9 771 

Mt. Pleasant 20 791 

Bastrop 11 802 

\V ebber's Prairie. 15;817 
Austin 18^835 

(449") Fr'm Galveston 
TO Washington, 

Via Houston. 

To Houston I 80 

Myrtle Turf 30110 

Washington — 35ll45 

(450) Fr'm Galveston 
TO Matagorda. 

To San Louis I I 28 

VeUisco 112 40 

Cedar Grove 25 6i 

Matagorda 251 90 

(451) F'm Velasco to 
Washington. 



(454) Fr'm Galveston 
TO CoRi'Us Christi. 

To Matiigorda....! I 90 

Texana 40130 

Victoria 24|154 

Goliad 34188 

Corpus Christi 145.233 

(455) F'm San Augus- 
tine TO BONHAM. 



To Shelby viile .. 

Hillyar's 

Elysian Fields... 

Marshall 

Smithland 

Hughes 

Diiingerfield 

Weaver's 

Boston 

DeKalb 

Savannah 

Clarksville 

Blossom Prairie.. 

Paris 

Honey Grove — 

BoNHAM 



1 20 
18 38 
36 74 
23 97 
15 112 
20 132 
20 152 

17 169 
14183 
16199 
15 214 
15 229 
22 251 
22 273 
14 287 

18 305 



Fort Smith ] 5l(i6 

Keciron 28194 

M.'ickey's Salt I i 

Works 18-212 

Fort Gibson.... 20 232 

(458) F'm Little Rock 
to Fort Towson. 



To Collegeville.., 

Benton 

Rockport 

Raymond 

Washington . — 

Columbus 

Paraclilta 

Ultima Thule... 

Eagletovvn ... 

Fort Towson . 



To Brazoria 

Columbia 

Orozimba 

Big Creek 

Richmond 

San Felipe de 


18 
10 28 
10 38 
10 48 

15, 63 

35 98 

9107 
13 120 






Cetlar Creek 

Washington — 

(452) F'm Matag 
TO Austin. 

To Preston 

Peach Creek 


11 

14 

or 

8 
12 
30 
35 

73 


131 
145 

DA 

40 

48 

m 


Culnmbus 

La Grange 

Austin— 
(see No. 418) .. . 


90 
125 

198 



(456) F'm Little Rock 

to St. Louis, Md. 
To Searcy C.H... | 55 

Batesville 40' 95 

Reed's Creek 20115 

Smithville 5120 

Jackson 15 135 

Fourche De'Mas . 16 151 

Hicks' Ferry 14 165 

Cane Creek, Mo.. 27 192 

Greenville 23 215 

Fredericktown ... 35 250 
MineLa Motte... 4 254 

Farmington 4 258 

Caledonia 22 280 

PoTosi 12 292 

Old Mines 7 299 

Glenfinlas 9 308 

Hillsboro' 10318 

Clifton ,15 333 

Knott's Sulphur, \ 

Sprmgs. 4 337 

Jetierson Barracks 11348 

Carondelet i 5 353 

St. Louis I 6,359 



(457) F'm Little Rock 
TO Fort Gibson. 
73198! To Lewisburg.... 145 
liPt. Kemove .. 

453) F'M LAGRANGEli^^^'f''^ 

to San Antonio DE|jg'„';'j,, - 

Bexar. 



1 Pittsburg.. 

liClarksville 

To Gonzales I ! 50i|Horsehead. 

Seguin 35 85: Ozark ..... 

San Antonio DEI ! !! Pleasant Hill 



6 51 

26 77 
6 83 
8 91 
8 9:^t 
12111 
151126 
121138 



Bexar |35ll20!i Van Buren 1231161 



122 

1.S2 

157 

25182 

10192 

47 239 



(459) F'm Little Rock 
to Napoleon. 

To Pine Bluff....! 50 

Richland 20 70 

Arkansas Post.... 47 117 

Wellington 116133 

Wliite River I 6139 

Napoleon 9148 

(460) F'm Little Rock 
to Helena. 

To Clarendon ....I I 60 

Ijavvrenceville 15 75 

Big Creek 28103 

Helena 19,122 

(461) F'm Little Rock 

to ftiOUTH OfWhITK 

River. 

To Rock Roe.... I 63 

Steainbdat. 
Mouth of White 
River 1140 203 

(462) F'm Little Rock 
TO Memphis, Tenn. 

To Cache I i 60 

Memphis 1981158 

(463) F'm Little Rock 
TO Shreveport, La. 

To Washington! 122 

Spring Hill j 25 147 

Lewisville 261V3 

Belleview, La. ...152 225 
Shreveport — 18 243 

(464) F'm Little Rock 
to Boston, Texas. 



To Washington! 

Fulton |15 

Boston ,55 



122 
137 

192 



184 



ROUTES IN MISSISSIPPI. 



(465) Pr'm Van Buren 
TO Jefferson City, 
Mo. 



To Fayetteville..! 

Beiitoiiville 20 

Ppringtield.Mo.. 100 
Jefferson City! 40 



(466) F'm Natchez to 

Cincinnati, O. 

T^ia Columbus, JVash- 

vMe, i,- Lexington. 

Mississippi Railroad. 



To Washington 

Malcolm 

Stage. 

Gallatin 

.Line Store 

Newtown 

Jackson 

Canton 

Sharon 

Springfield 

Otahoma 

Hopahka 

Louisville 

Choctaw Agency; 25 

Shoco \ 6 

Columbus ' 18 

Florence — 

(see No. 4 ) 
Nashville— 

(see iVo. 437) 
Cincinnati— 

(see No. 478) 



14 

33 
15 

12 
10 

231123 
l:iO 



117 
111 



(468) F'm Natchez to 
Louisville, Ky. 

To Nashville— 

(see No. 466) .. 469 
Louisville— 

(see No. 481) ..181650 

(469) F'm Natchez to 

Memphis, 
Via Jackson, Lexiiig- 
ton, &r Holly Springs. 

To Jackson — I I 

(see No. 466) ... 100 
Canton I23!l23 



.291 

(467) F'm Natchez 
Maysville, Ky. 

To Lexington— 
(see Nos. 466 & 
4v8) 

Moreland 

Paris 

Millershnrg 

Forest Retreat 

Lower Blue Lick. 

May's Lick _ 

Washington 8 

Maysville I 4 



Montgomery 

Franklin 

liexington 

Black Hawk 

Canollton 

(irenada 

Oakachickama... 

Coffeeville 

Ragsdale's Stand. 

Oxford 

College Hill 

Wyatt 

VVaterford 

Holly Springs 

N. Mt. Pleasant .. 

Colliersville 

Gernianfown 

Memphis 



20143 
12155 

7162 
15 177 
15 192 
21^13 

13 226 
4 230 

14 244 
16260 

6:266 
81274 
10284 
9 293 

15 308 
15 323 

9 332 
14346 

(470) Fr'm ViCKSBURG 

TO Jackson. 

To Bovina 

Edwards' Depot 

Bolton's , 

(Jlinton 

Jackson 



Jackson 

Natchez— 
(see No. 473) 



I 13 

6 19 
8: 27 
81 35 
9i 44 

(471) F'm Jackson to 
Gainesville, Ala. 

To Brandon I 13 

Centennary Coll.. 7 20 

Hillsboro' 28 48 

County Line |l2 60 

Union !l5 75 

Herbert 11 86 

DeKalb 20106 

Gainesville 32 138 

(472) F'm Jackson to 
Vicksburg. 

Vicksburg and Clinton 
Railroad. 

To Clinton 

Bolton's 

Edward's Depot.. 
Bovina 



, 6 
Vicksburg 113 

(473) F'm Jackson to 

Natchez. 

To Newton | I 10 

Line Store 12 22 

Gallatin 15| 37 

Malcolm 331 70 

Mississippi Railroad. 

Washington 1141 84 

Natchez 1161100 

(474) From Columbus 
TO Natchez. 

24 



To Choctaw Ag'y 

Louisville 

Hopahka 

Springfield 

Canton ,.... 



25 49 
37! 86 
14100 
18118 



231141 
100 241 



(475) From Columbus 

TO Memphis, Tenn. 

Via Pontotoc <$• Holly 

Springs. 

ToWaverly 6 

Colbert 6 12 

Hamilton 6 18 

Aberdeen 

Cotton-gin Port . 

Pontotoc 

Cypress Creek... 

Milton 

Waterford 

Holly Springs. 
Memphis 



40 

79 

104 

120 

51125 

9134 

:53'187 

(476) Fr'm Nashville 
TO Washington, D.C. 

Via Knoxville. 
To Green Hill.... 

Cedar Grove 

Lebanon 

Three Forks 

Alexandria 

Liberty 

Smithville 

Allen's Ferry 

Sparta 

Bonair Springs... 
Railroad Plains... 

Oossville 

Belleville 

Post Oak Springs. 

Kingston 

Wood's Hill 

Campbell's Stat'n 
Knoxville — ,. 

Academia 

Blain'sX Roads.. 

Rutledge 

Bean's Station ... 

Rocky Spring 

Red Bridge 

Rogersville 

YeFlovv Store 

Lyon's Store 

New Canton 

Kingsport 

Eden's Ridge 

Blountsville .. 

Snplin Grove 

Abingdon, Va... 

Cedarville 

Gilade Spring 

Seven-mile Ford.. 

Marion 1 6 335 

Pleasant Hill 11 346 

Rural Retreat ....I 7353 

Wytheville 9 362 

Draper's Valley.. 18 380 

Newbern 11 391 

Ingle's Ferry I 7 398 



95 

101 

107 

127 

5,132 

7!l39 

19158 



164 

179 

189 

198 

212 

9i221 

4225 

71232 

10242 

8 250 
3 233 
7i260 
9:269 
6 275 

9 284 
9 293 

13 306 
7313 
51318 

11329 



ROUTES IN TENNESSEE. 



185 



Christiansburg . . . 

I,a Fayette 

Salem 

BifiLick 

Lisbon 

Liberty 

Otter Bridge 

New London 

Lynchburg 

Charlottes- 

VILLK 

Frkdericksb'rg 

Aquia (Jr'iv L'd'g 

Steamboat. 

Alexandria 

Washington 



12 410 

16 m 

10 435 
5 440 
16 456 

464 
472 
479 
490 

560 

85 '645 
14|659 

57I7I6 
7i723 



70 



(477) From Nashville 
TO Maysville, Ky. 

To Glasgow — I 

(see x\"o. 478) ... 84 

Harrodsburg 93 176 

Lexington |31J207 

Maysville I61i268 

(478) From Nashville 
TO Cincinnati. 

To Pleasant Hill.. I 7 
Hendersonville ... 9, 16 

Gallatin 10 26 

State Line 24! 50 

Scottsville, Ky. .. 9j 59 

Lewis 13| 72 

Glasgow 12 84 

Blue Spiiiig Grove 13 97 

Three Springs 4101 

Monroe 6107 

Greensburg 11118 

Campbellsville... 12130 

Newmarket jl2142 

Lebanon 6 148 

Perry ville 18166 

Harrodsburg ..J10176 

Shawnee Run 1 7183 

Nicholasville 112195 

Lexington 12 207 

Delphton 1 8 215 

Georgetown ! 4 219 

Williamstown 35 254 

Crittenden 11265 

Florence |16 2S1 

Covington 1 9 2)0 

Cincinnati I 1 291 

(479) From Nashville 
TO Maysville, Ky. 

To Lexington— I 

(see No. 478) . . . 207 

Moreland 8 215 

Paris 7I222 

Millersburg 8 230 

Forest Retreat 6 236 

Lower Blue Lick 8 244 

May's Lick 12 256 

Wiisbington 8264 

Maysville 4268 



(480) From Nashville 

TO Smithland, Ky. 

Steamboat. 

To Clarksville. 

Palmyra 

Dover 

I'obaccoport . . 

Canton, Ky. .. 

I'kldy ville 

Smithland, (at 
the mouth ot" 
CumberI'dRiv.) 



I 65 
12 7' 
3010' 
12119 
16 135 

163 



198 



(481) From Nashville 
TO Louisville, Ky 

To Pleasant Hill..! - 
Ma nsker's Creek.! 6 13 

Tyree Springs ' 7 20 

Mitchell ville 14, 34 

Franklin 9l 43 

Bowling Green 22 65 
Dripping Spiing.. 14 79 

Three Forks 8 

Woodson ville.... 11 98 
Mumfordsviile.... 10 !08 

Leesville 8 lit 

Nolen 12;i2f 

Klizabethtown ... lO'iaS 

West Point 22160 

Salina 10170 

Louisville 11 181 

(482) From Nashville 
to Smithland, Ky. 

To Mt. Henry....! 30 

Fredonia I 5 35 

Clarksville 11 46 

Oak Grove 12 58 

Hopkinsville 14 72 

Cerulian Spring.. 16 

Princeton 10 

Fredonia 14112 

Salem 10122 

Smithland 15 13; 

(483) From Nashville 
TO Columbus, Ky. 



To Chesnut Grove 

Charlotte 

Batson's 

Waverly 

Reynoldsburg 

Santly Hill 

Paris 

Barren Hill 

Boydsville 

Feliciana 16 136 

Clinton 11 147 

Columbus 12 159 

(484) From Nashville 
TO Memphis. 

To Reynoldsb'gI 

(seeNo. 483) ... 69 
Camden |lO 79 



20 

38 

48 

60 

69 

19 68 

1210(1 

7 107 

13120 



Sandy Ridge I 8! 87 

Huntingdon ll| 98 

Reullara 7105 

S. Carroll 9114 

Spruig Creek | 7 121 



lackson il3 

Medon 12 

Bolivar 16 

Midrileburg I 7 

Newcastle ' 5 



Somerville 

Whitehall 

Oakland 

Birch Pund 

Morning Sun. . 
Green Bottom. 

Raleigh ' 7'226 

Memphis 10 230 



134 
146 
lt2 

169 
174 

185 
190 

5 195 

4199 
8207 
6213 



(485) From Nashville 


to Natchez 


, 


Via Columbus &,- 


Jack- 


son. 




To Good Spring. . 




13 


Prankhn 


,n 


18 


Spring Hill... 


12 


30 


Columbia 


J2 


42 


Mt. Pleasnnt 


11 


53 


Lawrenceburg . . . 


22 


75 


Florence, Ala. . 


36 


111 


Tuscumbia 


5 


116 


Russell ville 


18 134 


Tollgate 


33 167 


Pikeville 


10177 


Moscow 


1911.96 


Border Spr'g,Miss 


15 211 


Columbus 


17 22s 


Choctaw Agency. 


24 2,)2 


Jjou sville 


25 277 


Hopalika 


37 314 


Ofahom!) 


8 322 


Springfield 


6 328 


Shiiron 


11 339 


Canton 


7 346 


Jackson 


23 369 


Natchez— 




(see No. 473)...! 


00 469 



(486) From Nashville 
to Mobile, 

Via Florence, JJla., Sr 

Columbus, Miss. 
To Florence— 1 I 

(see No. 485) . . Ill 
Columbus— 
(see No. 485) .. 117 228 
Steamboat. I I 
Mobile 1369 597 

(487) From Nashville 
TO Mobile, Ala. 

Via Huntsville Sc Tus- 
caloosa. 

To Murfreesboro'. I 1 34 
Fosterviile 1 12 1 46 



186 



ROUTES IN TENNESSEE. 



Bhelbyville 131 59 

Lynchburg 19 78 

Fayetteville 15l 93 

Hazel Green 16;109 

Meridianville 6115 

HUNTSVILLE 8123 

Whitesburg 10133 

Lacy's Springs... 4 137 

Oleander 11 148 

Martin's Stand ... 14 162 

Blountsville 10 172 

Village Springs .. 19191 

Mt. Pinson 8199 

Elyton 14 213 

Jonesboro' 11 224 

Bucksviile 11235 

Tuscaloosa 32 267 

Mobile— I 

(see No. 420)... 217 484 

(488) From Nashville 
TO Charleston, S.C. 

Via Jiugusta, Ga. 

To Murfreesboro'.' 34 

Millersbiirg 10 44 

Beach Grove 11 55 

Manchester 13 ti8 

Hillsboro' 8 76 

Pelham 1 9 85 

Battle Creek 25 llO 

Jasper ! 4 114 

Lookout Valley . . 21 135 
Chattanooga. .. I 6|141 
West'n &,- Atlantic RR. 
Crofes Plains, Ga. 48189! 

Oostanaula 17 206' 

Kingston 25 231 

Marietta 40 271 

Atlanta 20 291 

Georgia Railroad . 1 
Augusta 11711462 

South Carolina RR. 
Charleston . . . 11371599 

(489) From Nashville 
to Charleston, S.C. 

Via Knoxville. 



Newport.... 118 228 

Warm Springs,\ 

N. C 27 255 

Ashville ..." 37 292 

Henderson ville ... 191311 
Greenville, S. C. . 431354 

Columbia 1051459 

Branchville SrColnmbia 

Railroad. 
Branchville 1681527 

South Carolina RR. 
Charleston 1621589 

(490) Fr'm Knoxville 
to Raleigh. 

To Strawberry I I 

Plains I 16 

Newmarket 9 25 

Panther Springs.. 12 37 
Cheek's X! Roads. Ill 48 



Greenville 

Rheatown 

Leesburg 

Jonesboro' .... 
Elizabethtown .. 
JVloore's Iron 

Works 

Taylorsville.. 
Jefferson, N. C. . 

VVilkesboro' 

Hamptonville ... 

Huntsville 

Salem 

Greensboro' .. 

Hhvv River 

Hillsboro' 

Chapel Hill 

Raleigh 



27 75 
10 85 
10 95 

5100 
18118 

I 
22140 

9149 



To Lebanon 

Three Forks 

Alexandria 

liiberty 

Smitliville 

Sparta 

Bonair Springs. 

Crossville !12 

Belleville 20 

Postoak Springs 

Kingston 

Wood's Hill 



Campbell's Stat'n 6 

Knoxville L15 

Dandridge 131 



18249 
19^268 

27 295 
23 318 
19 337 
12 349 

28 377 

(491) Fr'm Knoxville 
TO Cincinnati, O. 

ToBlain's><^ R'ds 119 

Rutledge 14 33 

Beans' Station ... 9 42 

Tazewell 12 54 

Cumberland Gap 12 66 
Cumberland Ford 15| 81 

Barboursville 16! 97 

Lynn Camp 12.109 

London 13122 

Mt. Vernon 19141 

Stanford 23164 

Lancaster 8172 

Burnt Tavern 8180 

Nicholasville 12192 

Lexington 12 204 

Cincinnati— I 

(see No. 478) ...84 288 

(492) Fr'm Knoxville 
TO Memphis, 

Via JVashville. 
To Campbell's 1 I 

Station I 1 15 

Wood's Hill 161 21 



Kingston 191 40 

Postoak Springs.. 7 47 

Belleville 5 53 

Crossville 20 72 

Bonair Springs... 12 84 

Sparta 6 90 

Smithville 22112 

Liberty 10122 

Alexandria 71129 

Three Forks 18147 

Nashville 32179 

Memphis— i 1 

(see No. 483)... 230 409 

(493) Fr'm Knoxville 
TO Huntsville. Ala. 
To Campbell's 

Station 15 

Kingston 25 40 

Postoak Springs.. 7 47 

Belleville 5 52 

Crossville 20 7a 

Bonair Springs... 12 84 

Sparta 6 90 

Rock Island...... 13103 

McMinnville 1311& 

Hillsboro' 22138 

Winchester 18156 

Salem 10166 

Newmarket, Ala. 17 183 
Huntsville 17 200 



(494) Fr'm Knoxville 
TO Savannah, Ga. 

To Campbell's 

Statioii 15 

Blains' Ferry 15 30 

Philadelphia 5 35 

Athens '20 

Mantua 10 



Calhoun 

Cleveland 

Pleasant Valley, 

Ga 

Spring Place .... 
Cross Plains... 
West'n & Atlantic RR. 



65 
70 

81 

104 

110 

91119 



7 126 

8 134 
5 139 

10 149 
10 159 
13172 
7179 
6185 
14 199 
12 211 
8 219 

Macon tj- Western RR. 

Macon 11011320 

E. Macon I l|321 

Central Railroad. 
Savannah I19015U 



Connasauga .. 

Oostanaula 

Oothkaloga... 

William's 

Kingston 

Etowah river. 

Allatoona 

Ac worth 

Marietta 

Chattahoochee R 
Atlanta 



ROUTES IN TENNESSEE. 



1R7 



(495) From Knoxville 
TO Charleston, S. C. 

To Atlanta— ..I I ,, 
(see N ...4^4.). I '219 
Gforeia Railniad. 

Augusta 11711390 

Suutfi Carolina R. R. 

Charleston 11371527 



(496) F'm Memphis 
Nashville. 

To Raleigh 

Morning Sun — 

Ouklitnd , 

Whitehiill , 

Somerville 

Newcastle , 

Middleburg , 

Bolivar 

Jackson , 

S. Carroll 

Huntington — 

Camden 

Reynoldsburg, 

Waverly 

Charlotte 

Nashville 



Rose Creek 

I'nrdy. 

Adamsville 

Combs' Store... 

Savannah 

Young's f>< Roads 33 
Florence I 15 



(497) F'm Memphis to 

Columbus, Miss. 
To Germantovvn. 14 

Colliersville 11 25 

Holly Springs, 

Miss 

Waterford 

Milton 

Cypress Creek 

Pontotoc 25 

Cotton-gin Port..' 39 

Aberdeen 12 

Columbus I 28 



(498) F'm Memphis to 
Florence, Ala. 

To Bolivar I I 

(see No. 496).. I I 68 



90 
100 
109 
113 
117 
150 
165 



(499) F'm Memphis to 

Charleston, S. C. 
Via TiLScumhin, Jila., 
Gv,nter''s Land's, Jit- 
laiita, Oco., and Au- 
gusta. 
To Germantovvn. 

Colliersville 9 

N. Mt. Pleasant, 

Miss 15 

Holly Springs — 15 

Salem 20 

Ripley 10 

Hatchy Turnpike. 14 

Rienzi 14 

.lacinto 6 

Cartersville 12 

Buzzard's Roost, 
Ala 15 

TUSCUMBIA 20 

Tuscumbia Sr Decatur 
Railroad. 

Leighton 

Courtland 

Hillsboro' 

Decatur 

Steamboat. 

Triana 

Whitesville 

*Gunter's Land'g 
Stage. 

Van Buren 

Gaylesville 

(leo. State Line.. 
Missionary St'n.. 
RoMe 



Westerns,- Jltlantic 

Railroad. 

Etowah river .... 13 377 

AUatoona 7J384 

Acworth fiSflO 


Marietta 


14 404 


Chattahoochee R i2'4i6 

Atlanta 8.424 

Georgia Railroad. 



174 

187 
195 
207 

225 
239 
267 

_ 295 
23 318, 
10328 
6 334 
12 346^ 

Memphis Branch R. R. 
Kingston I 181364 



mm 



9i 



440 
448 
455 
465 
476 
483 
492 



7 

10 
11 

7 
9 

7i 499^ 
124 512 
519 



531 
538 
548 
5574 



Decatur 

Stone Mountain. 

Lithonia 

Conyers 

Covington 

Social Circle 

Rurledge 

Madison 

Buckhead 

(ireensboro' 

Union Point... 
Crawfordsville.. 

Gumming 

Camak 

Thompson 

Dearing 

Berzelia 

Belain ill 

Augusta 110 

Hamburg, S. C.l 1 

South Carolina R. R 

Charleston— 
(see No. 383.). 136, 732 



*From Gunter's Landing 
to Rome, Geo. 

Via Coosa R. 
Stage. 
To Double Sp'gs 

Steamboat. 
Cedar Bluff..... 
Missionary St'n, 
Rome 



8i'566 

"574 

585 

595 

596 



40 



18 



35 

75 
113 
131 



Thence by Railroad to 
i Charleston, as in No.499. 



DESCRIPTION OF THE WESTERN STATES, 



THE PRINCIPAL CITIES, TOWNS, WATERING- 
PLACES, &c. 



r'x^^-^'*' 






KENTUCKY is situated between 36« 30' and 30° 
10' N lat , and between 81" 50' and 89° 20 W. Ion. 
I Its Jength is about 400 miles and its breadth 170 miles, 
I containing 40,500 square miles. The population m 
1840, was 779,8-28. 

A tract from five to twenty miles wide, along the 
Ohio river, through the whole length of the state, is 
hilly and broken, but has a fertile soil. The margin of 
the Ohio, for about a mile in width, consists of bot- 
.om-lands, which are overflowed when the river is high. Between this 
tract of hilly country, the more mountainous eastern counties, and Green 
river, is a fertile tract, frequently denominated the garden of the state. 
It is about 150 miles long, and from 50 to 100 wide. The soil is excellent, 
the surface is gently undulating, and the forest growth black-walnut, 
black-cherry, buckeye, paw-paw, sugar-maple, mulberry, elm, ash, cot- 
ton-wood, white thorn, and an abundance of grape-vines. The country in 
the southwest part of the state, between Green and Cumberland rivers, is 
called the "barrens." In 1800, the legislature of the state made a 
gratuitous grant of this tract to actual settlers, under the impression that 
it was of little value ; but it proves to be excellent grain land, and also 
adapted to the raising of cattle and swine. The whole state below the 
mountains has at the usual depth of eight feet a bed of limestone, which 
has frequent apertures through which the waters of the rivers sink into the 
earth, causing some of them to disappear for a time, and others to be 
greatly diminished in the summer season. The rivers have generally worn 
deep channels in the calcareous rocks over which they flow. The preci- 
pices formed by the Kentucky are in many places stupendous, presenting 
perpendicular banks of solid limestone 300 feet high, above which is a 
steep and difficult ascent several times as high. In the southwest part of 
the state, between Green and Cumberland rivers, are several remarkable 
caves. One called the Mammoth Cave, 130 miles from Lexington, on 
the road to Nashville, has been explored for a distance of eight or ten 
miles. 

Ohio river, by its various windings, borders this state on the north for 
637 miles. Cumberland and Tennessee rivers pass through its western 



STATE OF KENTUCKY. 189 

part as they approach their entrance into the Ohio. Cumherland river 
rises in the eastern part of this state. The Big Sandy is 250 miles long, 
and, for a considerahle distance, forms the boundary between this state 
and Virginia. It is navigable fifty miles for boats. The Kentucky river 
rises m the Cumberland Mountains, and after a course generally through 
a deep rocky bed, falls into tlie Ohio, seventy-seven miles above Louis- 
ville. It is navigable for steamboats 60 miles to Frankfort. Licking, 
Green, and Salt, are other considerable rivers. The Mississippi runs on 
the western border of the state. 

The first constitution was formed in 1790, and the present one in 1799. 
The governor is elected for four years by the people, and is ineligible for 
the next seven. A lieutenant-governor is chosen at the same time, who is 
president of the senate, and who, in case of the death or absence of the 
governor, succeeds to his duties. The senators are elected for four years, 
one-quarter of them being chosen annually. Their number cannot ex- 
ceed 38, nor can they be less than 24. The representatives are chosen 
annually, and apportioned every four years among tlie counties according 
to the number of electors. Every free white male citizen, who is 
twenty-one years of age, and has resided two years in the state, 
or in the county in which he offers his vote, one year preceding the 
election, has the right of suffrage. Votes are given openly, or viva voce, 
and not by ballot. The judges of the several courts hold their offices 
during good behavior. 

The colleges are as follows: Transylvania University, at Lexington; 
Centre College, at Danville ; St. Joseph's College, at Bardstown ; Au- 
gusta College, at Augusta ; Cumberland College, at Princeton Georgetown 
College, at Georgetown ; Bacon College, at Harrodsburg ; and St. Mary's 
College, in Marion county. There is a flourishing medical department 
connected with Transylvania University, and a medical institution at 
Louisville. There are in the state 120 academies and 1,000 common schools. 

Kentucky was first explored by Daniel Boone, an enterprising hunter, in 
1770. The first white family settled near Lexington, in 1775. The state 
was admitted into the Union in 1792. 

Frankfort, the capital of the state, is 22 miles Vi^NW. Lexmgton, 51 
E. Louisville, 102 SSW. Cincinnati, and situated on the right bank of 
Kentucky river, 60 miles above its entrance into Ohio river, on a semi- 
circular alluvial plain, from 150 to 200 feet lower than the table-land in 
the rear. The river is here about 80 yards wide, and after heavy rains 
frequently rises 60 feet. The city contains a state-house, with a hand- 
some Grecian Ionic portico in front, a court-house, the state penitentiary, 
B bank, an academy, a market-house, a theatre, five churches, various 
manufacturing establishments, and 2,500 inhabitants. The streets are 
regu.ar, and the houses are neat, and many of them elegant. Steamboats 
of 300 tons come up to this place when the water is high. The banks of 
the river here are high, and a chain bridge crosses it to the flourishing 
village of South Frankfort, which may be regarded as an appendage. 
Ca7-s leave daily for Lexington ; stages daily for Louisville ; 3 times a 
week for Harrodsburg ; and for Madison, la. 

Lexington is situated on a branch of Elkhorn river, 84 miles from Cin- 
cinnati. It is the oldest town in the state, and was formerly the capita], 
and IS one of the neatest and best built places in the western states, is 
regularly laid out, and many of the streets are bordered with fine shade- 
trees, and its environs are ornamented with gardens and elegant resi- 
dences. There is a public square near the centre of the place, surrounded 




190 STATE OF KENTUCKY. 

by fine briok building-s. The city contains a court-house, a Masonic-hall, 
one of the finest buildings in the state, the State Lunatic Asylum, 11 
churches, two academies, 
the Halls ot" Tran^yivunia 
University, and 9.000 in- 
habitants. Transylvania 
University was founded in 
1798, and !)as a classical, 
medical, and law depart 
ment. It has a president ^ 
and 18 professors or other 
instructors, and 5i:i stu- ^SSi^^^^gSSv^a^^^ 
dents. The classical department hns 2fl.T ^itudont-, the law 78 and the 
medical 2t)() ; in all 513, The libraries contain l-2,''24-2 volumes. The com- 
mencement is on the third Wednesday in August. The city is more 
celebrated for its intelligent and polished society, and as an elegant place 
of residence, than for the bustle of business. The country around the 
city is one of the most fertile districts in the Union. Cars leave dnily for 
Louisville via Frankfort. Stages leave daily for Wheeling, Va., via 
Maysville, and Zanesville, O. ; 3 times a week for Cincivnnti ; for Knox- 
ville, Tenn., via Cumberland Gap; and for J^ashville, Tenn., via Har- 
Tvdsburg avd Bowling Green. 

Covington is situated on the left bank of the Ohio, opposite to the 
city of Cincinnati, with which it is connected by a stenmboat ferry 
It has a city-hall, 8 churches, 4 academies, a bank, 26 tobacco manu 
factories, and 6 000 inhabitants. The Western Baptist Theological Insti- 
tute is located here. Steamboats ply hourly to Cincinnati ; stages leave 
3 times a tceckfor L,ex,ington. 

Newport is at the junction of the Ohio and Licking rivers, and opposite 
the city of Cincinnati. It contains a court-house, an academy, five 
churches, a United States Arsenal, and 4,000 inhabitants. The Mag- 
nesian Springs are on the borders of the village, where there is a fine hotel, 
and they are much frequented by the citizens of (.Cincinnati. 

Maysville is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, on a narrow 
bottom, which lies between the shore and hills in its rear, 441 miles below 
Pittsburg, and 55 nbove Cincinnati by the river. It is regularly laid out, 
and contains <3 churches, two academies and 5,C00 inhabitants. It has a 
good harbor for boats and enjoys an extensive trade. Steamboats arrive 
from, and depart diily for Pittsburg, Wheeling, Src. ; and for Cincinnati, 
jMuisville, &-C. {See route 620.) Stages leave daily for Lexington via 
Blue Lick Springs ; and for Zanesville, O. ; 3 times a week for Lexing- 
ton via Flnningsburg and Mount Sterling. 

Augusta, on the left bank of the Ohio, 17 miles below Maysville, has 
a court-house, tliree churches, and 1200 inhabitants. Augusta College, 
under the direction of the Methodists, was chartered in 1822; it has n presi- 
de/it, 5 professors or other instructors, 100 students, and 2,500 volumes in its 
libraries. (See route 620.) 

The Blue Lick Springs are on the Licking river, 37 miles from Lexing- 
ton and 24 from Maysville. These waters have obtained a just celebrity, 
and the locality of the fountains is much frequented, not only for the 
benefit produced by the use of the waters, but for the enjoyment of the 
scenery of this beautiful region. Stages leave daily for Lexington and for 
Maysville. 

Georgetown is situated on the left bank of the Elkhom river, 12 miles 



STATE OF KENTUCKY. 191 

&om Lexington. It contains a court-house, the Western Military In- 
stitute, Female Collegiate Institute, a bank, six churches, two academies, 
and l.SOU inhftbitants. Georgetown Colk-ge, under the direction of thf 
Baptists, was founded in 1829 ; it has a president, five professors, 132 stu 
dents, and 3,201) volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on th« 
last TJiursday in June. 

Great Crossings is 3 miles from Georgetown, where is the Choctaw 
Academy, under the patronage of the government. It has a principal and 
several teachers, and 7U Indian students. There is an excellent wlute sul 
phur spring near the academy. Stages leave Georgetown three times a 
week fur Cincinnati ; and for Lexington. 

Harropsburg is situated eight miles south of Kentucky river, on a 
small branch of Salt river, thirty-one miles south of Frankfort. It was one 
of the earliest settlements in the state. It contains a court-house, live 
churches, a bank, three academies, and 1,700 inhabitants. Here is located 
Bacon College, founded in 183ti, which has a president and four professors 
or other instructors, 100 students, and 1,200 volumes in its libraries. The 
commencement is on the last Friday in September. The Ilarrodshurg 
Springs are much frequented; the waters possess highly medicinal proper 
ties, and the accommodations for visitors are ample. The grounds in the 
vicinity, and especially the drives through the primitive forest, are ex- 
ceedingly picturesque. Stages leave daily in the watering season for Cin- 
cinnati via Lexington. 

Danville, situated on a small branch of the Kentucky river, 41 miles 
from Frankfort, contains a court-house, six churches, the Kentucky Asy- 
lum for the Deaf and Dumb, the buildings of Centre College, two acade- 
mies, and 2,000 inhabitants. Centre College, founded in 1819, has a presi- 
dent, four professors, 185 students, and 6,000 volumes in its libraries. The 
commencement is on the third Thursday in July. Stages leave three times 
a week for Lexington. 

Bardstown is situated on a branch of Salt river, 40 miles southwest 
from Frankfort. It has a court-house, four churches, three academies, and 
2,000 inhabitants. St. Joseph's College, in the vicinity, was founded in 
1819. It has a president, four professors, 150 students, and 7,000 volumes 
in its libraries. Commencement in August. Stages leave three times a 
week for Lexington ; for Frankfort ; and for Lovisrillc. 




LotnsviLLE is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, at the head 
of the rapids, 633 miles below Pittsburg and 1,411 above New Orleans. 
It is built on a gentle acclivity, 75 feet above low-water mark, and regu- 
larly laid out, the streets crossing each other at right angles. It con 
tains a city-hall, court-house, a marine hospital, a medical institute, city 
prison, an hospital, 2 orphan asylums, a Magdalen asylum, 30 churches, 
three banks, two savings banks, ten insurance companies, four markets, 
a school for the blind, an University, fifty select schools, and 40,000 in 
habitants. Water-works are in course of construction to supply whole- 
some water, and the city is lighted with gas. — This city is the scat of 
most of the commercial and manufacturing business of the state and ton- 



192 STATE OF KT^.NTUCKY. 

tiguous territory. There are 300 steamboats constantly engaged m trans- 
porting to and from the city, besides numerous flat and keel boats. Tlie 
Louisville Medical Institute, founded in 1837, has six professors and 349 
students. The lectures commence on the first Monday in November. 
The Kentucky Historical Society has a large collection of manuscripts 
and books. The Mercantile Library has a library of 4,000 volumes, and 
an Agricultural and Horticultural Society is established. — The rapids at 
this place are caused by a bed of limestone extending across the bed of the 
river, over which the waters pass in tortuous channels for a distance of 
two miles, descending 24 feet ; to obviate this bar to navigation, a canal 
has been constructed sufficiently capacious to admit the passage of the 
largest boats. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for Pittsburg via 
Cincinnati, MaysvUle, Guyandotte, Va., and Wheeling ; for St. Louis, 
Mo. : and for JVew Orleans via Smithland, Memphis, Tenn., Vicksburg, 
£,-c. {See route 620.) Stages leave daily for Maysville via Frankfort 
and Lexington ; for Cincinnati, O. ; for St. Louis via JVew Albany, la., 
Vincenncs , S,-c. ; and for JVashville, Tenn., ^c. 

The Drennon Lick Springs are about 25 miles north from Frankfort, 
and one mile from Kentucky river. The waters of the several springs 
differ in their properties, and have been found highly beneficial to persona 
using them. The accommodations are ample. Steamboats arrive from, 
and depart daily for Cincinnati, Louisville, and Fi-ankfort. 

Cloverport is situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, 114 miles 
below Louisville. It has two churches, an academy, and 700 inhabitants. 
Four miles distant from Cloverport are the Sulphur and Tar Springs. 
There are here two commodious hotels and a number of cottages. The 
sulphur waters are said to equal the White Sulphur of Virginia in their 
medicinal properties, and the Tar water has been found most salutary in 
pulmonary complaints. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for 
Cincinnati and Louisville. 

Glasgow is pleasantly situated 123 miles southwest from Frankfort, 
on a small branch of Green river. It contains a court-house, 3 churches, 
2 academies, and about 600 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
Lexington, and for JN'ashville, Tenn. 

BowLiNO Green is situated on a branch of Green river, and at the 
head of steamboat navigation, 144 miles southwest from Frankfort. It 
contains a court-house, an academy, a female seminary, 5 churches, and 
1,700 inhabitants. Tobacco is largely exported. Stages leave for Mays- 
ville ; for Cincinnati ; for Louisville ; for Smithland ; for Columbus ; 
for Hickman; andfor JVashville, Tenn. 

Smithland is situated on the Ohio river, immediately below the mouth 
of Cumberland river, 447 miles by water below Cincinnati, and contains a 
court-house, 3 churches, an hospital, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Steam- 
boats arrive from, and depart daily for Cincinnati, Wheeling, Src. ; ant 
for JVew Orleans, St. Louis, &-c. (See route 620.) Steamboats leave fo' 
JVashville ; stages 3 times a week forMaysville via BowlingGreen and Lex 
ington; and also for JVashville, Tenn. 

Columbus is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 18 miles 
below the entrance of the Ohio river, and has several extensive ware- 
houses, and about 800 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 limes a week for Lex' 
ington via Bowling Green, and for JVashville. 

Hickman is on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 15 miles below 
Columbus, and contains a court-house, 2 churches, and about 500 inhabi 
tants. Stages leave 3 times a week for JVashville. 



STATE OF INDIANA. 



193 





I^.B^SH RIVER ^ c-,N,, INDIANA lies between 37" 45' and 41- 52' N. lat. 
and between 84° 42' and 87» 49' W. Ion. It has a 
mean length of 260, and a mean breadth of 140 miles, 
containmg 36,000 square miles. The population in 
1840, was 685,866. 

There are no mountains in this state, but the country 
bordering on the Ohio is hilly. A range of hills runs 
parallel with the Ohio, from the mouth of the Great 
Miami, to Blue river, alternately approaching to 
Iwithin a few rods, and receding to the distance of two miles. Below 
Blue river the hills cease, and there is an immense tract of level land, 
covered with a heavy growth of timber. Bordering on all the principal 
streams, except the Ohio, are strips of bottom and prairie land, from 
three to six miles in width. Remote from the rivers the country is broken, 
and the soil light. Between the Wabash and Lake Michigan, the country 
is generally level, interspersed with woodlands, prairies, lakes, and swamps. 
On the shore of Lake Michigan are sand-hills 210 feet high, back of 
which are sandy hillocks, with a growth of pine. The prairies bordering 
on the Wabash have a soil from two to five feet in depth. 

The Ohio river washes the entire southern border of this state, and 
furnishes great facilities for trade. The Wabash is the largest river in the 
state, being 500 miles in length. It rises in Ohio, and passes westwardly 
and southwestwardly through the state, forming its western boundary for 
a distance of 120 miles. It is navigable for steamboats to La Payette, 
300 miles, a part of the year. White river, 200 miles long, is its largest 
branch, and is navigable on its west fork for steamboats to Indianapolis, 
in seasons of floods. It consists of an east fork and a west fork, which 
unite about 30 miles above its junction with the Wabash. The White 
Water river runs in the eastern part of the state, and enters the Great 
Miami. Lake Michigan touches this state on the northwest. 

The governor is elected by the people for three years, and may be once 
re-elected. At every election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is elected, 
who is president of the senate, and discharges tlie duties of the governor, 
in case of his death, resignation, or removal. The senators and represen- 
tatives are apportioned among the counties according to the number of 
white male inhabitants over 21 years of age. There can never be fewer 
than 36 nor over 100 representatives : and the number of senators can 
never be less than one-third, nor more than one-half the number of the repre- 
sentatives. The representatives, and one-third of the senators, are elected 
annually by the people. The legislature meets annually in December, at 
Indianapolis. The judges of the supreme and circuit courts are appointed 
for the term of seven years. The judges of the Supreme Court are ap- 
pointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate ; the chief justices 

9 




194 STATE OF INDIANA. 

of the circuit courts by the legislature ; and the associate judges by the 
people. Tlie right of suffrage is enjoyed by all male citizens over 21 years 
of age, who have resided in the state the year preceding the election. 

The literary institutions are : Indiana University, at Bloomington ; 
Hanover College, at South Hanover; Wabash College, at Crawfords- 
ville ; the Indiana Ashbury University ; the University of Notre-dame-du- 
lac, at South Bend ; Franklin College, at Franklin ; and St. Gabriel 
College. Tiiere are 60 academies and 1,690 common schools in the state. 
Indiana was admitted into the Union as an independent state in 1816. 
Indianapolis, the capital of the state, is situated on the left bank of 
the west fork of White river, at the head of steamboat navigation, and 122 
miles from Cincinnati. An elegant bridge crosses the river at this place. 
It was selected for the capital of the state while it was covered by a dense 
forest, and laid out in 1821. On a circular area, from which spacious 
streets diverge, stands the governor's house on a rise of ground in the 
centre. It is a handsome edifice. The State 
House is one of the most splejidid buildings 
in the west. It is 180 feet long by 80 feet 
wide and 45 high, with an appropriate dome, 
it is built after the model of the Parthenon 
at Athens, with a portico on each front, 
having ten Doric columns, and has elegant 
halls for the two houses of the legislature, a 
court-room, and rotunda. The city con 
tains a court-house, the state prison, deaf 
and dumb asylum, lunatic asylum, ten churches, a female institute, a 
seminary, and 3,000 inhabitants. Stages in connection with railroad 
cars leave daily for Madison. Stages leave daily for Cincinnati ; for 
Wheeling, Va., via 7) ay ton, O., Columbus, and Zanesville : and for St. 
Jmiiis via Tcrre Haute; 3 times a week for Cincinnati via Lawrence- 
burg ; for Veuay ; for Mezo Mbany ; for Predonia ; for Covinston ; 
for Jm Fayette ; for South Bend via Logansport ; and for Fort fVayne 
via JMuncie and Winchester. 

Lawrenckburg is beautifully situated on the right bank of the Ohio 
river, one mile below the entrance of the Great Miami river. It contains a 
court-house, 4 churches, a seminary, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 
times a iceek for Cincinnati, O. ; for Madison ; and for Indianapolis. 

Madison is situated on the north bank of Ohio river, 8!) miles below 
Cincinnati, by the river. The village is built on ground above the reach 
of the highest floods. The streets are regularly laid out, and severa:! of 
them pjived ; and it has a wharf for the landing of steamboats. It is 
handsomely built, mostly of brick, and has a court-house, market-house, 
ten churches, a bank, with a neat edifice, a savings bank, and about 
4,000 inhabitants. In the rear of the village are hills 250 feet high, 
which afford a delightful prospect. Steamboats arrive from, and depart 
daily for Pittsburg and the intermediate places, and also for JVew Orleans. 
Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Indianapolis ; stages leave three 
times a week for Frankfort, Ky.; for Cincinnati; and for Louisville. 

New Albany is situated on the right bank of the Ohio river, two miles 
below the foot of the falls, and 140 below Cincinnati. It ^s the largest 
place in the state, and contains a court-house, a bank, nine churches, a 
male and a female seminary, a lyceum, a theological college, 4 schools, 
and 4,500 inhabitants. The streets are regularly laid out, and are froii* 
70 to 100 feet wide. Here are extensive ship-yards, where are built an- 



STATE OF INDIANA. 



195 





nually from ten to fifteen steamboats, besides sloops and schooners. 
Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for the ports on the Ohio and 
Mississippi rivers. (See route 620.) Stages leave daily for St. Louis 
via Vincennes ; 3 times a week for Indinnapulis ; and fur Madison. 

EvANSviLLE is Situated on the right bank of Ohio river, at the great 
northern bend, 323 miles below Cincinnati i)y the river. It has an elevated 
situation, and contains a brick court-liouse, a bank, ten churches, an 
academy, several extensive manu 



factories, and 2,500 inhabitants. 
The Pigeon Springs are one milo 
west from Evansville. The waters 
contain muriate of soda, bicarbon- 
ate of iron, bicarbonate of mag- 
nesia, carbonic acid gas, carbureted hydrogen gas, and nitrogen gas. 
Tliey are aperient, alterative, diaphoretic, and diuretic. Tlie accommoda- 
tions are ample, and the vicinity affords much sport in fowling and fishing. 
Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily for all the principal places 
on the Ohio river. Stages leave 3 times a week for Vincennes. 

Bloomington is situated at the head of a small branch of White river, 
49 miles from Indianapolis. It contains a court-house, five churches, 
»,lie buildings of the Indiana University, an academy, and 1,700 inhabi- 
tants. The Indiana University has a president, five professors, 174 stu- 
Jents, and 2,0U0 volumes in its libraries. The commencement is on the 
last Wednesday in September Stages leave 3 times a week for In- 
dianapolis ; for JVew JUbany ; for Terre Haute ; and for Crawfordsville. 

Vincennes lies on the letl bank of Wabash river, 197 miles from its 
entrance into the Ohio. It has a fertile prairie of several thousand acres 
on the north, east, and south. It is the oldest town in the state, having 
been established as a trading post by the French in 1730. It contains a 
brick court-house, a bank, a seminary, a female school, conducted by the 
Sisters of Charity, 6 churches, a public library of 1,600 volumes, and 
2,000 inhabitants, one fifth of whom are of French descent. St. Gabriel's 
College was established in 1841, and has a president, five professors, and 
75 students. Steamboats ply on theriver. Stages leave daily for JV. Mbavy ; 
and for St. Louis, Mo. ; 3 times a week to Terre Haute and to Evansville, 

Terre Haute is situated on beautiful high ground, on the left 
bank of the Wabash, 73 miles west from Indianapolis. The National 
road here crosses the river on a fine bridge. The town contains a brick court- 
house, six churches, a bank, a market-house, a seminary, and 2,000 in- 
iiabitants. It is a flourishing place, and commands the trade of an ex- 
tensive and fertile country. Stages leave daily for Indianapolis ; for 
St. Louis ; for Shawneetown ; and for Danville, III. 

Crawfordsville is situated on the left bank of Rock river, 45 miles 



from Indianapolis. It contains 
a court-house, 7 churches, the 
buildings of Wabash College, a 
seminary, and about 2,000 in 
habitants. Wabash College wa.^ 
founded in 1835, and has a presi- 
dent, four professors, 128 stu 
dents, and 4,500 volumes in its 
libraries. Stages leave 3 times 
n week for Indiannpolis ; and 




jlVi- 




1 fl B e 


hX 


■ •1 


:.',»: 



Sr^J^^^^' 




for Peoria; twice a week for La Fayettratuifor Vincennes. (See route 524.) 



196 



STATE OF MICHIGAN. 



La. Fayette lies on the left bank of the Wabash river, fit the head of 
steamboat navigation, 310 miles from its moutli by the river. It contains 
a court-house, a bank, an academy, 7 churches, and 2,000 inhabitants. 
The Wabash and Erie canal connects tiiis phice with Lake Erie. Stages 
leave 3 times a week for Indianapolis ; and for Logansport. 

LoGANSPoRT is situated on Wabash river, at the junction of Eel river, 
72 rniles frorn Indianapohs. It contains a court-house, an academy, seven 
rhurches, and about 2,000 inhabitants. A fine bridge here crosses the 
Wabash, and another Eel river. The Wabash and Erie canal passes 
through it, and it is well situated for manufacturing purposes, possessing 
a fine water-power. Stages leave 3 times a week fur Indianapolis ; tkrec 
times for JViles via South Bend; and for La Fayette. 

Fort Wayne is beautifully situated on the south side of Maumee river. 
It is incorporated as a city, and contains a court-house, five churches, 
four academies, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The Wabash canal con- 
nects it with Lake Erie, and it is surrounded by a rich and fertile country. 
Stages leave twice a week for Indianapolis and for South Bend. 

South Bend is pleasantly situated on a high bluff, on the south side of 
St. Joseph river, and has a great water-power. It is 137 miles north 
of Indianapolis, and contains a brick courthouse, four churches, and 
1,000 inhabitants. The University of Notre-dame-du-lac was established 
here in 1844, under the direction of the Roman Catholics. It has a 
president, several professors, and 65 students. Stages leave three times 
a week for Indi.inapolis ; for Detroit, Mich., and for Michigan City. 

Michigan City is situated on the south shore of Lake Michigan, at 
the mouth of Trail creek, and was laid out in 1835. It is the only Inke 
harbor in the slate, and the location is well adapted for trade. It contains 
a bank, three churches, and about 700 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a 
week for JViles, Mich. ; for South Bend; and for Chicago, III. 




MICHIGAN consists of two peninsulas, and con- 
i rams anout 66,000 SQU-ire miles. Its population in 1840 
was 212.267; in 1845, 304,285. 

The surface of the lower or southern peninsula is 
generally ,evel, having few elevations which may be 
denominated hills. The interior is gently undulating, 
rising gradually from the lakes to the centre of the 
peninsula- This central region may be regarded as a 
table-land, elevated about 300 feet above the level of 
the lakes, covered with fine forests of timber, oak plains, and beautiful 
prairies. Along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, are sand-hills 
thrown up by the winds into fantastic forms, generally quite barren and 
naked. The part lying between Lake Huron and Saginaw bay is low 




STATE OF MICHIGAN. 197 

nnd swampy. No part of the United States is better supplied with fish, 
aquatic fowl, and giiine. 

Of the nortlieni peninsula, Mr. Schoolcraft says — " Portions of it are 
the mere development of sublime scenery, which pertains to that com- 
paratively elevated portion of the continent. Mountains and lakes, plains, 
rivers, and forests, spread over it with a boldness of outline which may bei 
said to constitute almost a peculiar type of North American geography. Thia 
division embraces the mineral region. It is of little value for the uses of 
agriculture. The interior abounds in sttiall lakes. On the shore of Lake 
Superior are several large bays and good harbors. Recent explorations 
here, have discovered immense deposites of rich copper ore. — On the 
southern shore of Lake Superior is a series of lofty biutfs, and isolated 
rocks, having the appearance of ruins, 
tottering walls, and caverns. Im CluipeUe, 
or the Arched Rock, is a beautiful speci 
men of this character, as are the Pictured 
Rocks, &c. There are also several pic 
turesque cascades. 

The southern peninsula of Michigan i^ 
drained by several large rivers, and numer^-l 
ous smaller streams, which, rising in tlu 
interior, pass off in easterly, westerly, and' 
northerly directions into the lakes. Raisin and Huron rivers flow mto 
Ijake Erie : Rouge river, into Detroit strait ; (Jlinton and Black rivers, 
into the strait of St. Clair. Saginaw river, formed by the junction of 
Titibawassee, Hare, Shiawassee, Flint, and Cass rivets, enters Saginaw 
bay. Thunder Bay and Cheboigan rivers, and some smaller streams, fall 
into Lake Huron. St. Joseph, Grand, Kalamazoo, and Maskegon rivers flow 
into Lake Michigan. Many small lakes of pure water, stocked with fish 
of fine quality, are found in the interior. Michigan lake is the largest 
wholly within the United States, being 360 miles long and 60 broad. 

The governor and lieutenant-governor are chosen at the same time, for 
two years, by the people. The senators are chosen for two years, one- 
half of them annually, and their number must be one third that of the 
representatives. The representatives are chosen annually, and their 
number cannot be less than 48, nor more than 100, and are, with the 
senators, apportioned among the counties according to the number of 
white inhabitants. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by 
the governor, with the advice and consent of the senate, for the term of 
seven years. Judges of inferior courts are elected by the people for four 
years. Every white male citizen over 21 years of age, who has resided 
six months next preceding an election in the town where his vote is offered, 
has the right of suffrage. The legislature meets annually at Detroit. 

The Michigan University, at Ann Arbor, has departments of literature, 
science, law, and medicine ; and has several academic branches situated 
in most of the principal towns in the state. St. Philip's College, near 
Detroit, is a Catholic institution. There are 25 academies and 1,000 com- 
mon schools 

The French built a fort and made a settlement at Sault St. Marie in 
1647, and subsequently at Mackinaw. By the treaty of peace between 
Great Britain and France in 1763, this country came into the possession 
of the English. The post at Detroit was resigned to the United States 
by the English in 1796. In 1805 this state was erected i<.^ ^ a distinct 
territory and in 1836 admitted into the Union. 



198 STATE OF MICHIGAN. 



Detroit, the capital of the state, is pleasantly situated on the right 
bank of the Detroit strait, seven miles below Lake St. Clair and 18 
above the west end of Lake Erie, and, by steamboat route, 327 miles 
from Buffalo. The site is a plain 30 feet above the river, sloping gently 
to the water, and the city extends for the distance of a mile along tha 
stream and three fourths of a mile back. The streets are regularly laid 
out, though not all crossing at right angles, a part of them diverging from 
a large area, and forming noble avenues 200 feet wide. There are several 
public squares, of which Campus Martius is the principal. The city con- 
tains the iState-house, from the dome of which a fine view is obtained of 
the city and vicinity, the City-hall, a market-house, 11 churches, four 
banks, a United States Land-office, 3 markets, a theatre, a museum, a 
public garden, government magazine. Masonic-hall, two orphan asylums, 
several literary and scientific societies, three female institutes of a high 
order, and also several for boys, and 10,000 inhabitants. Detroit is among 
the earlier settlements of North America, having been founded by the 
French from Canada, in 1683. It is admirably situated for trade, and is 
becoming a great commercial emporium. The first steamboat arrived at 
Detroit in August, 1818 ; now,- numbers arrive and depart daily during 
eight months of the year. Cars arrive from, and depart daily firr 
Kalamazoo via Jinn Arbor, Jackson, and Marshall ; thence stages to St. 
Joseph's ; and also for Pontiac ; thence stages to Saginaw. Stages leave 
daily for Toledo, O. ; three times a week for Port Huron, and to Howell; 
thence to Grand Rapids via Lyons. Steamboats for Buffalo, J\r. Y., via 
Sandusky, O., Cleveland and Erie, Pa. ; for Chicago, III., via Mack- 
inaw, Milwaukee, (S-c. (See routes 547 and .548.) 

Monroe is situated on the right bank of the Raisin river, two alid a 
half miles from its entrance into Lake Erie, and 37 miles from Detroit. 
It contains a court-house, two banks, a United States Land-office, seven 
churches, a branch of the University of Michigan, two academies, a 
reading-room, and library of 1,500 volumes, several manufacturing es- 
tablishments, and 2,000 inhabitants. Cars leave daily for Hillsdale 
via Adrian, thence stages to J\riles ; stages daily for Toledo, O., and for 
Detroit. 

Ann Arbor lies forty miles west from Detroit, on both sides of Huron 
river, which divides it into the upper and lower towns. It is regularly 
laid out on elevated ground, and contains a court-house, bank, 6 churches, 
several mills, factories, &c., and 2,500 inhabitants. The University of 
Michigan, founded in 1837, has 3 professors, 75 students, 5,000 volumes in 
its libraries, and a choice museum, embracing the collections of the state 
geologists, &c. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Detroit, and for 
Kalamazoo, S-c. Stages leave 3 times a week for Howell. 

Ypsilanti is situated on both sides of Huron river, and contains 
four churches, an academy, several mills and factories, and about 
1.500 inhabitants. The river here affords good water-power. Cars 



STATE OF MICHIGAN. 199 

arrive from, and depart daily for Detroit, and for Kalamazoo. Stages 
leave daily for Jldrian. 

Adrian is prettily situated on the right bank of the Raisin river, 
67 miles from Detroit. It has a court-house, four churches, an acad- 
emy, several manufocturing establisliments, and '2,500 inhabitants. Cars 
arrive from, and depart daily for Toledo, O. ; fjr Monroe, and for 
Hillsdale — thence stages to JViles. Stages leave daily for Detroit via 
Ypsilanti. 

Jackson is situated 79 miles west from Detroit, on the right bank of 
Grand river. The village contains a court-house, four churches, the 
state penitentiary, a branch of Michigan University, a seminary, and 
about 2,000 inhabitants. There is a fall of eight feet in the river 
here, aifording an extensive w^ater-power, already employed in mills, 
factories, &c. Cars arrive from, and depart daily for Detroit, and 
for Kalamazoo. Stages leave Uiree times a week for Adrian and for 
CentrevUle. 

Marshall is pleasantly situated on the right bank of Kalamazoo 
river, at the confluence of Rice creek, 113 miles west from Detroit. It 
contains a court-house, four churches, a bank, an academy, several mills 
and factories, and 2,000 inhabitants, Cars arrive from, and depart 
daily for Detroit, and for Kalamazoo. Stages leave 3 times a week for 
CentrevUle. 

Kalamazoo is situated on the left bank of Kalamazoo river, 146 miles 
west from Detroit, and contains a court-house, a bank, a United States 
Land-office, three churches, a branch of the University of Michigan, 
tiie Huron Literary Institute, and about 1,500 inhabitants. Cars arrive 
from, and depart daily for Detroit. Stages leave daily for St. Joseph's ; 
three times a week for Miles ; for Mottville ; and fur Allegan. 

St. Joseph is situated on the left bank of St. Jo-eph's river, at its en- 
trance into Lake Michigan, 200 miles west from Detroit. It is one of the 
most important places on the west side of the state, has a good harbor, 
and commands a pleasant view of the lake. It contains a court house, 3 
churches, a bank, and 700 inhabitants. Steamboats arrive from, and 
depart daily for Chicago. Stages leave daily in connection with railroad 
cars for Detroit. Stages leave daily for Chicago via Michigan City ; 
and three times a week for Miles. 

Mackinac is situated on the southeast extremity of an island of the 
eame name, and contains a court-house, two churches, a school of the 
American Board of Foreign Missions, a Roman Catholic missionary 
school, a branch of the University of Michigan, and 500 inhabitants. Fort 
Mackinac stands on a rocky eminence, 150 feet immediately above the 
village, which it commands. The harbor is safe and spacious, capable of 
accommodating 150 vessels. Over 3,000 barrels of trout and white-fish 
are annually exported, and it is the seat of an extensive fur-trade. [See 
route 203.) 

Grand Haven is situated on the left bank of Grand river, at its en 
trance into Lake Michigan. It is one of the best harbors on the eas/' 
shore of the lake, and contains a court-house, two churches, an academy 
and about 700 inhabitants. (See route 548.) 

Sault de St. Marie is situated on a pleasant elevation on the right 
bank of St. Mary's strait, at the foot of the rapids, and contains a court- 
house, 3 churches, Fort Brady, the trading house of the American Fur 
Company, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Vessels come up to the foot of 
the rapids. 



200 



STATE OF ILLINOIS. 




- . ILLINOIS lies between 31° and 4-2=' 30' N. lat., 
jVy and between 87° 17 and 91" 50' VV. Ion. It is 350 
jA miles long and 180 broad, containing 50,000 square 
miles. Population in 1840, 47G,183. 

The surface of the state is generally level. It has 
no mountains, though the northern and southern 
parts are hilly and broken. The portion of the state 
south of a line from the mouth of the Wabash to the 
mouth of the KasKaskia, is generally covered with 
limber, but north of this the prairie country predominates The eye 
sometimes wanders over immense plains covered with grass, with no 
other boundary of its vision but the distant horizon, though the view is 
often broken by occasional woodlands. Tlie dry prairies are generally 
from 30 to 100 feet higher than the bottom-lands on the rivers, and very 
fertile. A range of bluffs commences on the margin of the Mississippi, a 
short distance above the mouth of the Ohio, and extends north beyond 
the Des Moines rapids, sometimes rising abruptly from the water's edge, 
but generally a few miles distant from it, leaving between the bluffs and 
the river a strip of alluvial formation of inexhaustible fertility. The 
banks of the Illinois and Kaskaskia, in some places, present sublime and 
picturesque scenery. 

The Illinois is the largest river in the stale. Fox and Des Plaines 
rivers, its two largest branches from the north, rise in Wisconsin, and, 
with Kankakee river from Indiana, form the Illinois, which, after a course 
of 400 miles, enters the Mississippi, twenty miles above the Missouri. It 
is navigable a distance of about 250 miles. Rock river rises in Wisconsin, 
and after a course of 300 miles, mostly in Illinois, empties into the Mis- 
sissippi. The Kaskaskia rises near the middle of the state, and after a 
southwesterly course of 250 miles, enters the Mississippi 63 miles below 
the Missouri. It is navigable for boats 150 miles. The Wabash forms a 
part of the east boundary. The Little Wabash, after a course of 130 
miles, enters the Wabash a little above its junction with the Ohio. 
Peoria lake, through which the Illinois river flows, about 150 miles 
from its mouth, is a beautiful sheet of water twenty miles long and two 
broad. 

Tiie governor is elected by the people for four years, but is eligible only 
four years in eight. A lieutenant-governor is elected at the same time, 
who is president of the senate, and in case of the death, resignation. 
or absence of the governor, discharges his duties. The senators are 
elected for four, and the representatives for two years. The repre- 
sentatives can never be less than 27, nor more than 36, until the in- 
habitants exceed 100,000. The number of senators can never be less 
than one-third, nor more than one-half the number of representatives. 
The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the joint-ballot of both 



STATE OF ILLINOIS. 



201 



houses of the legislature, and hold their offices during good behavior. 
Tlie right of suffrage is universal. All wiiite male inlrabitants, 21 years of 
age, who have resided witliin the state six months preceding an election, 
have the right to vote. 

Th* literary institutions are: Illinois College, at Jacksonville, founded 
in J8-29 ; Shurtletf College, (Bapfist,) in Upper Alton, in lf^35 ; McKen- 
dree College, (Methodist,) in I.cbanon, in 1834; McDonough College, at 
Macomb, in 1837. There are in the state 50 academies and 1 ,300 common 
gchools. 

Illinois: was admitted into the Union as an independent state in 1818. 

Springfield, the capital of the state, is situated 95 miles from St. 
Louis, and near the centre of the state. It lies four miles south of 
Sangamon river, on the border of a rich and beautiful prairie. It was 
laid out in 1822, and in 1823 contained but 30 families, living in log cabins. 
It now contains a state-house — an elegant edifice — a court-house, a 
market-house, a bank, a United States Land-office, eight churches, three 
higii schools, several extensive manufactories, and 4,005 inhabitants. 
Curs leave daily for SMeredosia — the/ice in stages to Quinci/. Stages 
leave daily for St. Louis, and for Chicago via Peoria and Ottawa ; three 
times a week for La Fayette, la. ; for Terre Haute ; for Shawne^town 
via Vandalia and Salem ; for Burlington, lo., via Rushville ; for Lewis- 
town ; and for Bloomington. 

Jacksonville is situated on elevated ground, in the midst of a delight- 
ful prairie, which is fertile and well cultivated, 33 miles from Springfield. 
It contains a spacious court-house, a market-house, a lyceum, a Me- 
chanics' Association, two academies, seven churches, several manufac- 
tories, and 2.500 
inhabitants It is 
the seat oi Illinois 
College, founded 
in 1829, which has^ 
a president, and, 
in its academical^ 
and medical de-' 
partments, 8 pro- 
fessors and 96 stu- 
dents. There are 2,500 volumes in its libraries, and it has a very com- 
plete philosophical and chemical apparatus. The commencement is on 
the last Thursday in June. Cars leave daily for Springfield and for 
Meredosia. 

Alton is situated on the left bank of Mississippi river, two miles above 
the mouth of Missouri river, 21 miles below the mouth of Illinois river, 
and twenty miles from St. Louis. It is regularly and handsomely laid 
out, and contains a bank, a lyceum, a Mfchanics' Association, six 
churches, a number of schools, and about 2,000 inhabitants. As a com- 
mercial city its advantages are very great. It has the best landing for 
steamboats on the east bank of the Mississippi. A flat rock, level with 
the surface of the ground, forms an excellent natural wharf. Timber, 
freestone, limestone, and bituminous coal exist in great abundance near 
the town. Steamboats ply to St. Louis and to all the principal ports 
on the Mississippi, Ohio, Illinois, and .Missouri rivers. {See routes 
J^'os. 594, 620, 621, ajid 622.) Stages leave fur Vinceiines via Carlyle ; 
and for Jacksonville. 

Kaskaskia is situated on the right bank of Kaskaskia river, 142 miles 
9* 




202 



STA VL OF ILLINOIS. 



from Springfield, and seven from its junction with the Mississippi. It naa 
a court-house, a United Stiites Land- office, a church, a nunnery and 
female boarding-school, and 1,000 inhabitants. It was settled by tho 
French about ]li83, and its inhabitants are now mostly of French descent. 
(See route 62L) Stages leave for St. Louis, Mo., and for Vincennes, 
la., via Salem. 

Shawnektovvn is situated on the right bank of Ohio river, ten miles 
below the mouth of the Wabush river, and 195 from Springfield. The 
bank t,f the river has a gradual ascent, but not sufficient to prevent inun- 
dation in extreme high fioods. Tlie town has a bank, a United States Land- 
office, two churches, and 1,000 inhabitants. It was laid out in 1814, and 
is one of the most commercial places in southern Illinois. Stages leave 3 
times a week for Vii)cennes, la. ; for Springfield via Salem ; for St. 
Louis, Mo. ; and for Cape Girardeau. 

Vandalia, formerly the capital of the state, is situated on the right 
bank of Kaskaskia river. It is regularly laid out, with streets crossing 
each other at right angles. It contains a court-house, a United States 
Lnnd-otfice, two churches, several manufacturing establishments, and 
800 inhabitants. The national road extends to this place. Stages leave 
daily for St. Louis, Mo., and for Terre Haute, la.; 3 times a week for 
Springfield ; and also for Shawneetown. 

Peoria is beautifully situated on the right bank of Illinois river, at the 
outlet of Peoria lake, and 70 miles from Springfield. The first bank of 
the river gr.adually rises from six to twelve feet above high-water mark, 
and extends back a quarter of a mile from the river to tbe second bank, 
where it rises five or six feet, forming a terrace extending back to the 
blufi's, which are from 60 to 100 feet high, by a steep ascent, and present 
from their summit an extensive and beautiful prospect. The town con 
tains a court-house, an academy, six churches, several factories, and 
1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for Chicago via Ottawa ; and also 
for St. Louis via Springfield ; three times a week for Burlington, To. ; 
for Galena via Dixon; for Madison, IVis. ; and for Indianapolis. 
StcamOoats on the Illinois riner. (See route 594.) 




Chicago is situated on the SVV. shore of Lake Michigan, at the head 
of lake navigation. Tiie city is built on a level prairie, handsomely ele- 
vated above the water, and lies on both sides of Ciiicago river, between 
the junction of the north and south branches, and three-fourths of a mile 
from its entrance into the lake. By the construction of piers, an 
artificial harbor has been made at the mouth of the river. The city con- 
tains tbe county buildings, a United States Land-office, eight churches, 
an academy, and 20,000 inhnbitnnts. Back of the town, for three or fovir 
miles, is a fine, elevated, and fertile prairie, and to the north, along the 
lake shore, are extensive bodies of fine timber. Numerous steamboata 
UM vessels ply between this place and Buifaio. and the intermediate 



STATE OF MISSOURI. 



203 



places on the upper lakes. It is admirably situated for trade, and the 
rapidity of its growth is unparalleled. Cars leave daily jvr Galena. 
Steamboats rim to Buffalo, JV. Y., and the intermediate places. (See route 
203.) Stages leave da'ly fur St. hoxds via Juliet, Ottawa, Peoria, and 
Spnngfield ; for Galena ; also in winter for Detroit, Mich. ; for Mil- 
waukee, ^c. 

Galena is pleasantly situated on Feve or Bean river, 158 miles from 
Chicago, and is the metropolis of the great lead-region. It is six miles 
above the mouth of the river, which is navigable to this place at all stages 
of the water for the largest steamboats. The town contains 5 churches, 
an academy, and about 2,000 inhabitants. It was first settled in 1826. 
In 1841, 22,000,000 pounds of lead were produced in its vicinity, and the 
manufacture of copper is also growing into importance here. Stages 
leave daily for Chicago ; 3 ti77i.es a week fur Springfield via Dixon and 
Peoria ; for Rock Island City ; for Madison, Wis. ; for Prairie du 
Chien; and for Dubuque, lo. 

Rock Island City situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 
just above the entrance of Rock river, contains a court-house, 2 churches, 
and about 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for Peoria; 
for Dixon ; for Iowa City ; and for Dubuque. 




MISSOURI IS situated between %° and 40* 36' N. 
.at., and between 89'^ and 95= 30' W. Ion. It is 287 
miles long, and 230 broad, containing 67,S8 square 
miles. In 1840 the population was 383,702. 

This state presents a great variety of surface and 
soil. Alluvial or bottom land is found on the margin 
of the rivers ; receding from them the land rises, in 
some places gently, and in others very abruptly, into 
elevated barrens or rocky ridges. In the interior, bot- 
toms and barrens, naked hills and prairies, heavy forests and streams of 
water, may often be seen at one view, presenting a diversified and beau- 
tiful landscape. The southeast part of the state has a very extensive 
tract of low marshy country, abounding in lakes, and liable to inunda- 
tion. Back of this, a hilly country extends as far as the Osage river. 
This section is rich in minerals. The lead-region covers an area of more 
than 3,000 square miles. In St. Francis county is the celebrated " Iron 
Mountain," elevated 300 feet above the surrounding plain, and is a mile 
and a half across its summit, and has 80 per cent of its mass pure iron. Five 
miles distant is the Pilot Knob, 300 feet high, and with a base a mile and a 
half in circumference, of the same species of rich ore. Between the Oaaga 



204 STATE OF MISSOURI. 

and Missouri rivers, is a tract of country very fertile and agreeably diver- 
sified with woodland and prairie, and abounding with coal, salt, &c. 
The country north of the Missouri is emphatically "the garden of tho 
West." There is no part of the world where a greater extent of country 
can be traversed more easily, when in its natural state. The surface is 
for the most part dehghtfutly undulating, and variegated, sometimes 
rising into picturesque hills, then stretching away into a sea of prairie, oc- 
casionally interspersed with shady groves and shining streams. 

The Mississippi winds along the entire eastern boundary of the state, for 
a distance of 400 miles, and receives in its course the waters of the Great 
Missouri, which, indeed, deserves to be regarded as the main stream. 
Through the central and richest part of the state, the Missouri rolls its im- 
mense volume of water, being navigable four or five months of the yenr 
for steamboats, 1,800 miles from its entrance into the Mississippi. The 
La Mine, Osage, and Gasconade on the south, and the Grand and 
Chariton on the north side, are navigable tributaries of the Missouri. 
Maramec river runs through the mineral district, is a navigable stream, 
and enters the Mississippi eighteen miles below St. Louis. Salt river, 
which is also navigable, enters the Mississippi 85 miles above the Mis- 
souri. The White and St. Francis drain the southeast, and the tributaries 
of Neosho, the southwest part of the state. 

The constitution of the state was formed in 1820. The governor 
is elected by the people for four years, but is ineligible for the next suc- 
ceeding four years. A lieutenant-governor is chosen at the same time, 
and for the same term, who is president of the senate. Every cownty is 
entitled to send one representative, but the whole number can never 
exceed 100. The senators are elected every four years, one-half retiring 
every second year ; and their number can never be less than 14, nor more 
than 33, chosen by districts, and apportioned according to the number of 
free white inhabitants. The elections for senators and representatives are 
held biennially in August. The legislature meets once in two years in the 
month of November, at JeiFerson City. Every white male citizen over 
21 years of age, who has resided one year in the state, and three months 
in the county in which he offers his vote, has the right of suffrage. Tho 
judges of the Supreme Court and the chancellor are appointed by the gov- 
enor, with the consent of the senate, and hold their offices during good 
behavior, or until 65 years of age. 

The literary institutions are as follows : The University of St. Louis, at 
St. Louis ; St. Mary's College, at Cape Girardeau ; Kemper College, near 
St. Louis; Masonic College, near Palmyra ; Missouri University, at Co- 
lumbia ; St. Charles College, at St. Charles ; and Fayette College, at 
Fayette. There are in the state 50 academies and 650 schools. 

Missouri was originally a part of Louisiana, which was purchased from 
France in 1803. It was admitted into the Union as an independent 
state in 1821. 

Jefferson City, the capital of the state, is situated on the right bank 
of Missouri river, on elevated and uneven ground, 128 miles from St. 
Louis. It contains a state-house, a governor's house, which is large and 
elegant, a state penitentiary, an academy, 250 dwellings, and about 1,500 
inhabitants. Stages leave daily for St. Louis ; three times a week for 
CaledoTiia ; for Springfield via Warsaw ; for Independence via Booneville, 
Lexington, S,-c. (For steamboat routes, see 620.) 



STATE OF MISSOURI. 



205 




v'.'j f ^T. Louis is situated on the riglit 
iW riJ'' bank of the Mississippi, 18 miles below 
the junction of the Missouri, It is in 38" 37' 28" N. lat., and 90" 15' 39" 
W. Ion. Pop. 1845, 35,U00. 1849, 60,000. Its situation is pleasant and 
healthy ; standing on a limestone bluff. The ground rises gradually from 
the first to the second bank of the river : and on the second bank, which 
is about forty feet higher than the first, the city is chiefly built. Viewed 
from the opposite shore, or as it is approached from the river, it presents 
a beautiful appearance. The compact part of the city extends about one 
and a half miles along the river, with suburbs to the north and east, 
making its whole extent five miles. It is elegantly buUt, the more recent 
houses being constructed of brick, others of stone, and some have 
spacious and beautiful gardens attached to them. 

Among the public buildings, the City-hall and the Catholic Cathe- 
dral are the most noticeable. The Cathedral is one hundred and 
thirty-six feet long and eighty-Four wide, with walls forty feet high. The 
front is 58 feet high, and rising above this is a tower with a spire terminating 
in a gilt cross. The steeple contains a peal of six bells, the largest of 
2,600 pounds weight There are also in the city a United States Land- 
ofSce, an elegant theatre, a concert-hall, a bank, six insurance com- 
panies, and a United States Arsenal. 

There are several literary and benevolent institutions in the city 
The St. Louis University. 
under the direction of the 
Roman Catholics, has 15 
instructors, 130 students, and 
7,900 volumes in its libraries. 
It has a spacious building in 
the city. The commence- 
ment is on the 15th of July. 
Kemper College, which is 
under the direction of the 
Episcopalians, is five miles distant from the city, on a beautiful emmence; 
the buildings are of brick. The principal edifice is a building 70 feet long 
and four stories high, with wings of equal length, three stories high. It 
has nine professors or other instructors, and about 4,000 volumes in its 
libraries. The commencement is on the last Thursday of July. It has a 
medical department, and a building within the city where lectures are 
delivered during the winter. There are two medical schools, the one 
attached to the St. Louis University, the other to the State University; 
the former has 56, the latter 80 pupils. Lectures in both these schools 
commence on the first Monday of November and terminate on the last of 
February. They have spacious buildings for lecture-rooms, laboratories, 
fcc. The Western Academy of Sciences has an extensive museum of 




206 STATE OF MISSOURI. 

natural history and mineralogy. Tiiere is also a museum of Indian 
curiosities, antiquities, fossil remains, <Scc. Tiie Convent of the SucreJ 
Heart is an institution of nuns, for conducting female education. Tlia 
Protestant ladies conduct an orphan usylum, and there are three orphan 
asylums conducted by Roman Catholics. A female asylum is attaciied 
to the Convent of the Sacred Heart. The Jefferson Barracks are eleven 
miles below the city. In the north part of the city there are two tumuli 
or mounds, on the lower of which the city has constructed a reservoir 
into which water is raised by steam-power from the river, and conveyea 
through iron pipes, affording a supply to the citizens. 

The city was first settled in 1664, by a company of merchant traders. 
It is most favorably situated for commerce, and is destined to be one ol 
the principal cities of the west. Steamboats arrive from, and depart daily 
for LouisviUe, Cincinnati, IVhecliriff, Pittsburg; <X-c., on t/ie Ohio river; 
J^ew Orleans and the intermediate places on the Lower Mississippi ; Fort 
Siieltin^ and the intermediate places on the Upper Mississippi ; and 
also the principal places on the Missouri river. {See routes 620— 622.) 
Stages arrive from, and depart daily for Cincinnati via Terre Haute, 
Indianapolis, £,-c. ; for Louisville via Vincennes , JVew Albany, <Src. ; 
for Chicago via Springfield, Peoria, Ottawa, Src. ; for Fori Leaven- 
worth via St. Charles, Columbia, Glasgow, and Liberty ; 3 times a wefk 
for Shawneetown, III. ; for Little Rock, Ark., via Caledonia, (Src. ; for 
J^cw Madrid via Cape Girardeau ; fur Independence via .Jefferson City, 
Booncville, Lexington, S,-c. ; for Burlington, lo., via St. Charles, 
Bowling Green, Palmyra, iS-c. ; for Van Buren, Ark., via Caledonia-, 
Steeleville, Springfield, and Fayetteville, Ark. 

St. Charlks lies twenty miles northwest from St. Louis. It is built 
on an elevated and handsome situation on the left bank of Missouri river. 
The shore is here rocky, the alluvial land commencing at the lower end 
of the tovvn. The town extends one and a half miles along the river, and 
contains a court-house, a brick market-hou.'^e, two churches, a nunnery, 
and about 1,500 inhabitants. St. Charles College, under the direction of 
the Methodists, is located here. It was founded in 1839, and has a presi- 
dent, three professors, and about 104 students. The Missouri river is 
here crossed by a ferry. Stages leave daily for St. Louis and for 
Jefferson City ; three times a week for Burlington, lo., via Jfew London, 
Palmyra, d-c. 

Palmyra lies eight miles from Missouri river, and 129 miles from St. 
Louis. It contains a court-house, three handsome brick churches, a 
United States Land-office, and above 800 inhabitants. Masonic College, 
twelve miles from Palmyra, was fotmded in 1831. It has a president, four 
professors, and 45 students. The commencement is on the last Thursday 
in September. Stages leave three times a week for St. Louis, and for 
Burlington, lo. 

Fulton is situated on Riviere au Vases, 12 miles north of Missouri 
river, and twenty-two miles northeast from Jefferson City. It contains 
a court-house, two churches, two academies, and 500 inhabitants. Stages 
leave daily for St. Louis ; for Fort Leavenworth ; and for Jefferson City. 

Columbia, situated on a tributary of Missouri river, contains a court- 
house and about 1,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of Missouri University, 
founded in 1840, which has a president, 3 professors, and 45 students. 
Stages leave daily for St. Louis. 

BooNEvir.LE is situated on the right bank of Missouri river, 173 miles 
from St. Louis. Its foundation is 'limestone rock. It has a hand- 



STATE OF MISSOURI. 207 

Bome court-house, three churclies, two academies, and 1 ,-00 inhabitants. 
Consitlerabie trade is carried on iiere in cattle and provisions. (See steam- 
boat route 622.) Stages leave 3 times a week for Jefftrsou City ; for In- 
dependence ; and for Columbia. 

Glasgow, situated on tiie left bank of the Missouri river, 172 miles 
from St. Louis, has two churches, several extensive warehouses, and 800 
inhabitants. Stages leave daily for St. Louis ; and for Fort Leaven 
worth ; 3 times a week fur Hannibal. (See route 6'22.) 

Independence, six miles south of Missouri river and 292 from 
St. Louis, is a flourishing place, and the starting point for tlie Santa 
Fe traders, who obtain here many of their supplies. It has a court- 
liouse and about 500 inhabitants. Stages leave three times a week for 
St. J^ouis via Booneville, Jefferson City, &-c. (See routes 618 and 622.) 

Liberty is situated three miles from the left bank of the Missouri river, 
and 276 from St. Ijouis. It contains a court-house, five cliurches, 
two academies, and 1,500 inhabitants. Stages leave daily for St. Louis 
via Glasgow, Columbia, Fulton, Src. ; and for Fort Leavenworth ; three 
times a week for St. .Joseph. (See steamboat route 622.) 

St. Joseph, situated on the left bank of the Missouri river, 478 miles 
from St. Louis, has several extensive warehouses and about 1,000 inhabi- 
tants. (See steamboat route 622.) Stages leave three times a week 
for Liberty. 

Springfield is situated on the head branches of James' fork of White 
river, 258 miles from St. Louis. It contains a court-house, a United 
States Land office, 2 clnirches, and 500 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times 
a week for Jefferson City ; fur St. Louis via Caledonia ; and for Van 
Buren, Ark. 

Cape Girardeau is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river, 
132 miles by the river below St. J>ouis. It contains about 500 inhabitants. 
It is the seat of St. Mary's College, founded in 1830, which has a 
president, five professors or other instructors, and 2,500 volumes in its 
library. The commencement is on the last Thursday in August. Stages 
leane 3 times a wek fur .Teffersou City vii, Frcdericktown, Caledonia, and 
Steeleville; and fur JVew Madrid. (See route 62L) 

New Madrid is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi river, 217 
miles below St. Louis. The river here makes a bend, and its bank is 
somewhat elevated, but is being undermined by the current. It contains 
a court-house, a church, and 500 inhabitants. (See steamboat route 
G20.) Stages leave three times a week for Cape Girardeau. 

Hannibal, 110 miles north from St. Louis, is situated on the right bank 
of the Missis.~ippi river. It contains a church, several extensive ware- 
houses and manufacturing establishments, and 800 inhabitants. Stages 
leave three times a week fur St. Louis ; for Burlington, lo. ; and for 
Glasgow. (See route 621.) 

PoTOsi, 67 miles from St. Louis, is situated in the centre of one of the 
richest mineral regions in the United States, abounding with lead, iron, 
and copper ores. It has a court-house, an academy, 4 churches, and 700 
inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for St. Louis ; for Jefferson 
City; and for Cape Girardemi. 

Lexington is situated on the right bank of the Missouri river, 124 miles 
from Jefferson City. It contains a court-house, a United States Land- 
office, 3 churches, an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. Stages leave three 
times a week for St. Lotiis via Jefferson City ; and also for Inde- 
pendence. 



!08 



WTSCONSIV 





WISCONSIN lies between 42=' 30' and 47° 10' N. lat., 
and 87" ;uid 92" 25' VV. Ion. Its extreme lengtli is 320 
miles and its breadth 250, and contain.* an area of 5?,97< 
square miles. Population 1840, 30,945 ; in 1847, 212,000. 
'i'he portion south of Green Buy, Fox and Wisconsin 
rivers, is composed of timber and prairie lands, having 
a vegetable soil from one to ten feot deep. North of tiie 
^^ Wi^consin river commences a hilly region, swelling as 
it proceeds north into a mountainous country, with a 
rugged and broken surface, creating many rapids and falls in the streams, 
and affording many wild and picturesque views. Bordering on the Missis- 
sippi and v'^isconsin rivers, tJie soil is rich and the land generally heavily 
timbered. The principal rivers are the Mississippi (forming most of the 
western boundary) ; the Wisconsin and Chippewa rivers, entering the Mis- 
sissippi ; and the Neenah or Fox river, entering Green Bay ot the n.e It has 
Lake Michigan on the eastern border, and Lake Superior on its nortiiern. 
The Constitution was formed in 1848. The Governor is elected by the 
people for two years ; he must be 21 years of age, and have resided in tiie 
State one year, and possess all the otiier qualifications of electors. The 
Lieutenant-Governor is elected for the same term, and must possess similar 
qualifications. Senators are chosen for two years, one-half of whom are 
elected annually ; Members of Assembly are chosen annually'. Both sena- 
tors and members of assembly must possess the same qualifications as elec- 
tors. Every male citizen of 21 years of age, who shall have resided in the 
State for one year next preceding an election, persons of Inaian blood who 
have been declared citizens by a law of Congress, or all civilized persons of 
Indian descent (not members of any tribe) who have been made citizens by 
an act of the legislature, are qualified electors. The Judicial power is vested 
in a Supreme court, Circuit courts, courts of Probate, and Justices of peace. 
A donation of 42,080 acres of land has been made by Congress for the es- 
tablishment of a University; 3 colleges have been incorporated and tlie 
buildings commenced ; there are several academies and 200 common schools. 
]\ljk.DisoN. the capital of the State, is 80 miles from Milwaukee and 159 
from Chicago; it is beautifully situated on a peninsula, between two lakes, 
on a gentle rise of ground near the centre of a broad valley, and is surround- 
ed by bills from which the village can be seen at a great distance. It is regu- 
larly laid out, with a large central square, in the centre of which is the State 
House, -a spacious stone edifice with a handsome dome. The town has 
several places of worship, and about 1000 inhabitants. Stages leave daili/ 
far Milwaukee : three times a week for Chicago, via Rockford, for Gale- 
na, for Fort Winnebago, and for Prairie du Chien. 

Milwaukee is situated on both sides of Milwaukee river, at its on- 
Crauce into Lake Michigan, 90 miles from Chicago. It contains a 



STATE OF IOWA. 



209 



roiul-honsp, n Unitnd States Lnnd-ofRce, 15 churches, and 15,000 inliabi 
taut?. It has ail extensive water-power, and is rapidly growing into coin- 
inern.ial inipcirt nice. St^niiibDiiis ply constanthj between it and Chicaso, 
Biijf'"-'"' riiid Ui'' iitteniii'dinte. pLncn;. (See route 548.) Stasen leave daily 
for Chicago, LI., and for Madison ; three times a week for JanesviUe, 
Wo.tartnwn, Fund du L'lc, and ISheboygan. 

Prairie pu Ciiien is situated on the east bank of Mississippi river, 
four miles above the mouth of Wisconsin river and 248 miles beiovv 
the falls of St. Anthony. The prairie is ten miles long and three wide. 
The village contains a court-house, three churches, an academy, and 
about 2,000 inhabitants. Numerous mounds of all sizes and shapes are 
to be found in the vicinity. Fort Crawford, a United States military post, 
is situated a little south of the village. (For steamboat route see G21.') 
Mages leave 3 times a week for Galena. 




laf., 
bout 
con- 
1844, 

loderafely uneven, with- 
out any mountains or high hills. There is a tract of 
I elevated table-land, which extends through a con- 

siderable part of the territory, dividing the waters 
which fall into the Mississippi, from those which fall into the Missouri. 
The margins of the rivers and creeks, expending back from one to ten 
miles, are generally covered with timber, while beyond this the country is 
an open prair'e without trees: by the frequent alternations of these two 
descriptions of land, the country is greatly diversified. The prairies 
cover nearly three-fourths of the surface of the territory, and, although 
they are destitute of trees, present a great variety of aspect. Some have 
u level and others a rolling surface ; some are covered with a rich coat of 
grass, well suited for grazing ; in others this is interspersed with hazel 
thickets, and sassafras shrubs, and in season superbly decorated with 
flowers. The soil, both on the bottom and prairie land, is generally good, 
consisting of a deep black mould, intermingled, in the prairies, with sandy 
loam, and sometimes with red clay and gravel. 

The Mississippi borders this territory for its whole length on the east, 
and is navigable in time of high water for steamboats to the mouth of the 
St. Peter's. I'heDes Moines river runs in the southern part of the territory, 
and, forming a part of the southwest boundary, enters the Mississippi. 
In high water it is navigable for steamboats 100 miles, and for keel-boat" 



210 STATE OF IOWA. 

at all times. Checauque or Skunk river, after a course of 150 miles, enters 
the Mississippi. Iowa river is 300 miles long, and is navigable for steam- 
boats 12 miles from its entrance into the Mis.sissippi, and for keel boats to 
Iowa city. Red Cedar river, the main branch of Iowa, is navigable for 
keel-boats, in high water, 100 miles above its junction. The Wapsipinecon 
has a winding and rapid course 200 miles, to its entrance into the Mis- 
sissippi. The Makoqueta bounds the mineral region on the south, and 
enters the Mississippi, furnishing in its course the best water-power in the 
territory. Turkey river, after a course of 150 miles, enters the Mis- 
sissippi. It is not navigable. Sioux river enters the Missouri, and forms 
part of the west boundary. 

Tiie governor is elected for four years. He must be a citizen of the 
United States and have resided for two years next preceding his election 
within the state, and have attained the age of 30 years. The legislative 
authority is vested in a senate and house of representatives wiiich meet 
biennially on the first Monday in January. Representatives are chosen for 2 
years; they must be free white citizens of theUnited States, and have attained 
the age of 21 years, — have resided within the state one year next preceding 
the election, and thirty days within the county or district for which they 
may be elected. Senators are chosen for four years, at the same time 
of electing representatives. They must be 25 years of age, and possess 
the qualifications of representatives. The judicial power is vested in a 
supreme court, district courts, and such other inferior courts as the 
legislature may establish. Judges of the Supreme Court are elected by 
the legislature, and hold their office for six years.— Every white male 
citizen of the United States, 21 years of age, who shall have resided 
within the state six months next preceding the election, and 20 days in the 
county in which he claims to vote, enjoys the right of suffrage. 

The University of Iowa, at Mount Pleasant, in Henry county, has been 
chartered. Seven academies have been incorporated, and there are about 
100 common schools. 

Iowa. City, the capital of the state, is situated thirty-one miles from 
Bloomington, on the left bank of Iowa river, which is navigable to 
this place. The situation is dry and pleasant; It contains a state-house, 
court-house, several churches, and about 1,000 inhabitants. The Capitol 
is of the Grecian Doric order of architecture, and has a dome supported 
by 22 Corinthi:in columns. Stages leane 3 times a week for Burlington ; 
and for Rock Island, III. 

Burlington is handsomely situated on the right bank of the Mis- 
eissippi river, 222 miles above St. Louis. It is surrounded by hills, to 
which the ground rises by a gentle acclivity. It is regularly laid out, and 
has a court-house, several commodious churches, a United States Land- 
office, and about 2,000 inhabitants. Stages leave 3 times a week for St. 
Louis ; and for Dubuque via Bloomington. Steamboats ply to all the 
principal places on Uie Mississippi river. (See route 621 .) 

Dubuque is situated on the right bank of Mississippi river, 426 
miles above St. Louis, and 306 below the Falls of St. Anthony. It 
is built on a table area, or terrace, which extends along the river for 
several miles. It contains a United States Land-office, five churches, 
a bank, an academy, a lyceum, and 1,500 inhabitants. Lead ore is 
found in abundance here, and for miles around on every side. Steam- 
boats plii to all the principal places on the Mississippi. (See route 621.) 
Stages leave 3 times a week for Galena ; and for Burlington via Daocn- 
port and Bloomington. 



RAILROAD, STAGE, AND STEAMBOAT ROUTES, 



THROUGH 



THE WESTERN STATES. 



23 



C500) Fr'm Lexington 

TO Knoxville. 
To Nicholitsville 
Burnt Tavern ... 

Lancaster 

Stanford 

Mt. Vernon 

London |19 

Lynn Camp 13 

Barboursville 12 

Cumberland Ford 16 123 
Cumberland Oap 15 138 

Tazewell 12150 

Beans' Station ...12162 

Rutledge I 9 171 

BIam's;>< Roads.. 14 185 
Knoxville 19 204 



Georgetown i 4| 12 

Williamstowu ... 35 47 

Crittenden lli 58 

Florence 16' 74 

Covington 9 83 

Cincinnati 1 84 



Mt. Zion I 4)250 

Shawneetown, 

I 111 I 71257 

,(506) Fr'm Lexington 
I TO Smithland. 



(503) Fr'm Lexington 
TO Madison, la. 

To Versailles | I 12 

Frankfort 12 24 

Laputa 10 34 

Newcastle !l5 49 

Campbellsburg... i 6 55 



(501) Fr'm Lexington 
TO Wheeling, Va. 


To Moreland 

Paris 


1 8 
7 15 


Willersburg 

Forest Retreat 

Lower Blue Lick. 

May's Lick 

Washington 

^lAYSVILLK 

Aberdeen 


8 23 
6 29 
8 37 
12 49 
8 57 
4 61 
1 62 


West Union 

Dun barton 

Ijocust Grove 

Sinking Spring... 

Cyntliiana 

Bainbridee 

Kourneville 

Chillicothe 

Kingston 


17 79 
10 89 
6 95 
6101 
10111 
5116 
11127 
13140 
10150 


Tarrton 


9159 


Lancaster 

Rushville 


16175 
9184 


Somerset 


8192 


Fiiltonham 

Zanesville 

Whekling— 
(seelVo. 323)... 


10202 
10212 

73285 


(502) Fr'mLkxin 

TO Cincinnati, 

To DAuhtoa 


gton 
O. 

i 8 



Milton Ill 

iMadison... I li 



(504) Fr'm Lexington 
TO Louisville, 
Via Frankfort. 

To Versailles. . , 

Frankfort , 

Bridgeport 

Hardinsville 

Clay Village,., 

Shelby ville 

Simpson ville .., 

Long Run , 

Middletown 

Louisville... 



]To Nicholasville . 

Shawnee Run 

|Harrodsburg 

Perry ville 

Lebanon 

Newmarket 

Campbellsville ... 

Greensburg 

Monroe 

Blue Spring Grove 

Glasgow 

jiThree Forks 

''Dripping Spring.. 
|| Bowling Green... 

S. Union 

liRussellville 

Elkton |1 



I 12 

12 24 

7 31 

10 41 

18 59 

6 65 

12, 77 
12 



95 
112 
124 
134 
142 
156 
170 
184 
199 
219 
235 



(505) Fr'm Lexington 

TO Shawneetown. 
To Louisville — 
(seeNo. 504) ... 78 

Salina 11 89 

West Point. 10 99 

Garnettsville 8107 

Brandenburg 11 118 

Hardinsburg 24 142 

Cloverport 11 153 

Hawsville 9162 

Felvington 21183 

Owensboro' 10193 

Richland 112 205 

Henderson il7i222 

Smith's Mills 12 234 

Morganfield 112 246, 



Hopkinsville 20 

Cerulean Spring.. 16 

Princeton 10 245 

Fredonia 14 259 

Salem 10269 

jSmithland 15284 

(507) Fr'm Lexington 
TO Columbus, Ky. 

I To Hopkinsville — 
(see No. 506) 

[Bellevue . 

Cadiz , 

('anton , 

Aurora , 

Wades boro'.. . 

Mnylield 

Milburn 

, Columbus 



219 
10 229 
12 241 
9 250 

8!2.38 



270 
290 
311 
319 

(508) Fr'm Lexington 
I to Nashville, Tenn. 
To Harrodsbiirg— I 
I (see No. £06) ... 31 

Three Springs 75106 

Glasgow 17123 

iScottsville 25148 



212 



ROUTES IN KENTUCKY. 



Gallatin 1331181 

Nashville I26i207 

(509) Fr'm Lexington 
TO Knoxville. 

ToNicholasville.l 1 12 
Burnt Tavern .... 12 24 

Laiiciister 8 32 

Stanford I 8 40 

Mt. Vernon 23 63 

London 191 82 

Lynn Camp 13' 95 

Barbonrsville 12107 

Cumberland Ford 16 123 
Cumherland Grap 15 138 

Tazewell 12150 

Bean's Station ... 12 162 

KutledKe 9171 

Biain'sXRowds.. 14 185 
Knoxville 19 204 

(510) Fr'm Maysville 
TO Natchez, Miss, j 

Via Lexington, JVash-' 
ville, ^-c. I 

To Washington.. I 4! 

May's Lick 8| 121 

JiDwerBlue Lick. 121 24 
Forest Retreat.... 8! 32 

Millersburg 6, 38 

Paris 8 46 

Miireland 7j 53 

Lexington 8 61 

NicholasviUe 12: 73 

Shawnee Run jl2 85 

Harrodsburg j 7 92 

Perry ville [10102 

Lebanon |18120 

Newmarket ' 6126 

Cumpbeilsviile ... 121^ 

Greensburg 12150 

Slonrite 11 161 

1'hree Springs 6167 

Blue Spring Grove 4171 

Glasgow 13184 

Lewis 12196 

Scottsville 13 209 

State Line 9 218 

Gallatin 24 242 

Hendersonville ... 10 252 

Pleasant Hill ; 9 261 

Nashville ! 7 268 

Natchez— I I i 

(see No. 485)... 4691737, 

(511) Fr'm Louisville 
TO Natchez, 
Via J^ashville. 

TnSalina | ! 11 

West Point 10 21 

Elizal)ethtown...j22 43 

Nolen 12 55 

Leesville 12 67 

Mumfordsville ... 8 751 



Woodsonville 10 

'J'hree Forks 11 

Drippiiig Sprnig.. 8 
Bowling Green 14 
Franklin 22 



Mitchellville 9 

Tyree Springs 14 

Mansker's Creek . 7 

Pleasant Hill 6 

Nashville 
Natchez— 
Csee No. 485)... 469 

(512) Fr'm Louisville 
to Maysville. 



12 
18 
23 
31 
37 
8' 45' 
4 49 



ToMiddletown 

Long Run 

iSinipsonville .. 

! Shelby ville 

iClay Village .. 

iHardinsville 

Bridgeport 

Frankfort ' 5 54 

Versailles 12 66 

Lexington 12 78 

Maysville- ' I 

(see No. 501) ...61139 

(513) Fr'm Louisville 
TO Columbus, Ky. I 

To Bowling Green . I 
(see No. 5U) . . . 118 

S. Union 14 132 

Rnssellville 14146 

Eikton 15 161 

HnPKINSVILLE... 20181 

Columbus— I 1 

(see No. 506)... 100 281 

(514) Fr'm Louisville 
TO St. Louis, i 

Via JVew JJlbany, la. &,- 
Vincennes. \ 

To New Albany. 

Greenville 

Palmyra 

Fredericksburg.. 

Hardinsburg 

Paoli... 

(Jolnmbiaville. .. 

Mt. Pleasant 12 

Washington 15 

Berry ville 1 7 

Vincennes 13 

Lawrencevillejll.i 9 

Olney 

Maysville 

Cato.. 

Salem 

Carlyle 

Shoal Creek 

Aviston ; 6 242 

Lebanon 11 253 

Rock Spring i 4 257 

Belleville ' 8 265 

St Louis 14 279 



(515) Fr'm Louisville 
TO St. Joseph's. 
Mich. 

To Paoli- 
(see No. 514) 

Orleans 6 62 

Sprmg Mill 5 57 

Sinking Spring... 3 .60 

Bedford 7 6/ 

Marysville 8 75 

Bloomington ... 14 89 

Martinsville 21 110 

Indianapolis 15 125 

St. Joseph— I 
(see No. 522 &' 
523) 1741299 

(516) Fr'm Louisville 
TO Memphis, Tenn. 

To Nashvii,le— 

(see No. oil) ... 
Memphis— 

(see No. 484). 



183 
230 413 



(517) Fr'm Smithland 
TO Maysville, Ky. 

1 15 
'0 25 
14 3.> 
10 49 
16 65 
20 8i 
15 100 
14 114 
14 128 
14142 
8150 
10 160 



181201 
26 227 
9 236 



ToSnlem 

Fred .nia 

Princeton 

Cerulean Spring . 

HOPKINSVILLE... 

Elkton 

Rnssellville 

S. Union 

Bowling Green 
Dripping' Spring.. 

Three Forks 

Glasgow 

Bine Spring Grovels 173 
Three Sprmgs.. 4 177 

Monroe I H185 

(Jreensbiirg 11 1H4 

Campbelisville ... 12 206 

Newmarket 112 218 

Lebanon | 6 224 

Perry ville 18 242 

Harrodsburg .. 10 2)2 

Shawnee Run I 7 259 

NicholasviUe 12 2 1 

Lexington 12 283 

Maysville— | 

(see No. 501) ... 61 344 

(518) Fr'm Smithland 
TO Nashville. 

To Salem 15 

Fredonia 10 25 

Princeton 14 39 

Cerulean Spring . 10 49 

HOPKINSVILLE... 16 65 

Oak Grove 14 79 

("hirksville 112 91 

Fiedonia 11102 

Mt. Henry ! 5107 

Nashville 30137 



I' 



ROUTES IN INDIANA. 



213 



1^519) From Columbus 
TO Nashvillk. 

To Clinton I | 12 

Feliciana II 23 

Boydsville Il6 39 



Barren Hill 
Paris 

Sandy Hill... 
Reynoldsburg 

iWaverly 

Biitson's 

Charlotte 101121 

Uhesniit Grove... 18 139 
IVash viLLK 20 1j9 



13 52 
7 59 

12 71 

19l 90 
9 99 

121111 



From Hickman to 
Nashville. 

To T(Jtten Well 
finrdnetsville... 

J )res(len 

Irvin's Store.. .. 
Mt. Holyoke ... 

^Paris 

iNashville— 

j (see No. 519)... 100 160 

(520) F'm Indianapolis 
To Columbus, O. 

I 10 
5 V> 

51 20 



1 18 


K 


24 


12 


3K 


«, 


44 


8 


52 


"i 


m 



To Cumberland .. 

Philadelphia 

Greenfield 

Charlottesville. . . . 

Knightstown 

Ogden 

l>ewisville 

Dublin 

Cambridge 

Centrevillk ... 

Richmond 

New Westville,0. 

Katon 

VV. Alexander ... 

Liberty 

Dayton 

Fairfield 

l^non 

Springfield 

Brighton Centre.. 

Ijii Fayette 

W. Jetierson 

Alton 

Columbus 



33 
41 

47 

2 

10 07 
6 73 
6 79 

10 
6 

13:108 
7|115 

11126 
7133 
7140 

10 150 

10 100 
81f8 
517:-i 
9182 



(521) F'm Indianapolis 
TO Greenville, O. 



To Noblesville . .. 

Strawtown 

Aiidersontown .., 

Mill Creek 

Yorktown , 

Muncie 

Smithfield , 

Windsor b' 

Macksville : 3 



Winchester I 71 81 

Randolph I 7 

Greenville |l4ll02 

(522) F'm Indianapolis 
TO Michigan City 



To Aueusta 

Eagle Village .. 

Northfield 

Kirk's X Roads. 
IVIichigantown . 
Middle Fork.... 

Burlington 

Carroll 

LOGANSPORT .. 

.\lei ea 

Rochester 

Sidney 

Plynioiith 

Laporte 

Michigan City. . I 



I 9 

6 15 

5 20 

12 32 



10 

6 

5 

6 
13 
12 

11' 9,j 
10(105 

8113 
30143 

6149 



(526) F'm iNDiAisAPOLia 
TO Springfield, IIU 



F'ia Terre Haute. 



(523) F'm Indianapolis 
TO St. Joseph's 
Mich. 

To Plymouth— ! ! 
(seeNo. 522) ... 113 

Whitehall 14ll2 

South Bend 10137 

Niles, Mich 12149 

Berrian Springs . . 10 l.j9 

Roynlton 12171 

St. Joseph's ....! 3174 

(524) F'm Indianapolis 
TO La Fayette. 

To Clermont I 8 

Brownsburg 6 14 

Jamestown 14 28 

New Ross 7 35 

Crawfordsville ...|l0 45 

Wea 15 60 

La Fayette ....113 73 

(525) F'm Indianapolis 
TO Peoria, lil. 

To Crawfordsville 
(see No. 524) . . . 

Waynetown 10 55 

Hillsbtiro' 6 61 

Cole's Creek 5 66 

Covington 8 74 

Danville 12 86 

Union 20,106 

Urhana 14120 

Mahomet 13!l33 

Santa Anna 14'14/ 

Leroy lOl^-" 

Blooniington 15172 

Wilkesboro' 10182 

Mackinaw :10lU2 

Tremont I 71193 

Peoria 132121 



To Bridgeport... 

Plainfield! 

Belleville 

StiJesvilie 

Mt. Meridian ... 

Putnamville 

Manhattan 

Harmony 

Van Buren 

Terre Haute . 

Elbridge 

Paris 

Embarrass Point. 

Oakland 

Hermitage 

Livingston 

Decatur 

iMt. Auburn 

Rochester 

Springfield ... 



I 3 
6 15 

5 20 

8 28 

8l 36 

61 42 

446 

8 54 

7' 61 

12, 73 

III 84 

91 93 

101103 

71110 

181128 

I61I44 

20 164 

18182 

12 194 

10 204 



(527) F'm Indianapolis 
TO St. IjOuis, Mo. 

ToTerreHauteI I 

(see No. 526) ... | 73 
Livingston, 111.... 13 m 

Maisball 4 90 

Martinsville 12102 

Casey | 6 108 

Greenup 10118 

Woodbury 7125 

Evvington ........ 18 143 

Freemanton 5143 

Howard's Point.. 9157 

Cumberland 7164 

Vandalia 6170 

Mulberry Grove .. 9179 

Greenville 8187 

Hickory Grove... 9196 

Collinsville 2)221 

St. Louis Il6237 

(528) F'm Indianapolis 
to Louisville, Ky, 

F'ia JSTew Jllbany. 

To Martinsville ..I 

Bloomington I21 

Marysville 14 

Bedford 

Sinking Spring 
Spring Mill.... 

Orleans 

Paoli 

Ilardinsburg .. 
Fredericksburg 

Palmyra 

Greenville 

New Albany .. 

LoUISVILllf.. 



I 15 

36 

I 50 

58 

65 

68 

73 

79 

91 

96 

101 

109 

121 

125 



214 



ROUTES m INDIANA. 



(529) F'm Indianapolis 
TO Fredonia. 

ToPaoIi— I I 

(seeNo. 528) ... 79 

Valene 10' 89 

Proctorsville I 5 9i 

Fredonia 13107 

(530) F'm Indianapolis 
TO Madison. 



Madison i- Indian 

Railroad. 
To Greenwood... 
F rii 11 k 1 i 11 


apt 

K 
10 
11 

7 
7 
9 

5 


7 lis 

10 
21 
30 

a 

48 
55 

e4 

7? 


i^iiiiilmrg 


Columbus 

Klizatielhtown ... 
Scipio 


VeriKjf) 


Dupont 


Wirt 


81 


Madison 


8fi 



(5cl) F'm Indianapolis 
TO Cincinnati, 

Via J^apoleon. 

To Bethel 

Pleasant View 

Unindywine 

Shelby ville 

St. Omar 

Greensburg 

Napoleon 

Delaware 

Laugherty 

Manchester 

Lawrenceburg . . . 
Elizabetlito\vn,0. 

Cleves 

Dry Ri(l-e 

Cheviot 

Cincinnati 



14 2-i 
12 34 
6 40 

11 51 
10 61 

12 73 

6 79 
4 83 

7 90 
10100 

BIOo 
4 110 
4114 
4118 
4122 



(533) F'm Indianapolis 
TO Vkvay. 

To Napoleon — I 
(see No. 531) ...| 73 

Versiiilles 10 8:^ 

Cross Plains 10 93 

Hleasiint j 4 97! 

Mt. Sterling 8105 

Vevay ! 3108 

(534) F'm Madison to 
Indianapolis. 

Madison S,-Indi.anavolis 
Railroad. 

To Wirt I 5 

Dupont 9 14 

Vernon 8 22 

cipio 9 31 

Elizabethtown 7 38 

Columbus 7 45 

Edinburg 11| 56 

Franklin 10; 66 

Greenwood lOi 76 

Wright's 5; 81 

Indianapolis.... 5; 86 

(535) F'm Evansville 
to Logansport, 

Via Vincennes, Terre 
Haute, La Fayette, £,- 
Delvki. 

ToSiindersville..! 110 

Princeton 20 30 

Patoka I 4 34 

Dicksburg i 8 42 

Vincennes 12 54 

VV. Union 15 69 

Carlisle ; 8 77 

Merom :12 89 



(536) F'm Evansvii. 

to Chicago, 111. 

To Covington — I | 

(see No. 535) ... I 
Danville, III.... 12 

iN'orth Fork 16 

Milford 22 

Iroqnois 12 

Bulbonns Grove.. 28 
Rockville I 6 



Wilmington. 

Juliet 

Lockport 

Keepatau 

l)es Plains .. 
Flag Creek.. 
Summit , 



(532) F'm Indianapolis 
TO Cincinnati, 



Via Brookville. 



To Sugar Creek. 

Morristown 

Ilushville 

New Salem 

Anderson ville ... 

Jiuurel 

Metamora 

Brookville ... 
Cedar Grove . . . . 

New I'renton 

Harrison, O 

Clark's Store 

Miami 

Cheviot 

Cincinnati 



6 

% 

6101 
4105 



Fiirmiin's Creek.. 


9 98 


Pniirie Creek 


8106 


I'rairieton 


'ni3 


Terre Haute... 


'/ 12() 


Otter Creek 


9129 


Clinton 


H135 


Highland 


10145 




6151 


Eugene 


7158 


Perry ville 


7lrio 


Covington 


7172 


Portland 


8l8C 


Wllliamsport 


6186 




21*8 


Shawnee Prairie.. 


5193 


West Point 


8201 


La Fayette — 


11 212 


Battle Ground.... 


7 21H 




422S 


Delphi 


7 230 


Tiptonport 


6236 


Lockport 


32;« 


Amsterdam ...... 


5 244 


fiOGANSPORT .... 


7251 



LK I 



172 
184 

20O 
222 

262ti«)i 

268 

278 

311 fc 

j3i5 m 
I321 1 

|338 



.1 
Chicago IIS, 



(537) From Mouth of 
THE Wabash River 
TO La Fayette. 

Steamboat. 

To Grand Chain. 29 
New Harmony ... 19 48 
Co fee Isl. Rapids 32 80 

Mt. Carmel 10 90 

(1 rand Rapids... 2 92 
St. Francisville... 15107 

Vincennes 18 125 

Rnssellville 11136 

xVlerom 24160 

York 16 I7d 

Darwin 11187 

Terre Haute... 24 211 

Harrison 5 216 

CImton n 227 

Montezuma 10 237 

VVestport 10 247 

Perry ville 15 262 

Covington 

WiLLIAMSPORT.. 

La Grange 

La Fayette 



6 268 
16 284 
13297 
13 310 

(538) From Michigan 

City to Cincinnati, 

Via Indianapolis. 

To Laporte 

Plymouth 

Sidney 

Rochester 

Metea 

liOGANSPORT 

Carroll 

Burlington 

Middle Fork 

Michigantovvn ... 
Kirk's J>< Roads .. 

Northfield 

Eagle Village 

Augusta 

Indianapolis 

Cincinnati — , 

(see No. 532)... 105 2-54 



6 
36 
44 

54 

65 

77 

90 

96 

101 

107 

10117 

12129 

5!l34 

6140 

9149 



ROUTES IN MICHIGAN. 



215 



,39) F'm Dktroit to 
Port Huron. 

oRoseville I 7 

.t. Clemenos H 18 

e\v Haven. I 7 25 

oliimbus r2 37 

t. Cliiir Ill 48 

ORT Huron — 111 59 

j40) F'm Detroit to 
Saginaw. 

RR. 
14 



[>etroit Sr Pontiac 
'o Royal Oak. 
Jirniinghain ,. 

'ontiac 

Stage. 

Vaterford 

Jprintrlield .... 

Jrovelaiid 

stony Run .... 
Jrand Bhinc .. 

LINT 

eiiesee 

riiettord 

Biidgeport 

Saginaw 



C541) F'm Detroit to 

Grand Haven, 

Via Ionia. 

ToRedford 

Livonia 

Farmington 

Novi 

Hifksville 

Kensington 

Brighton 

Genoa 

Howell ... 

Cedar 

Phelpstown 

De Witt 

Lyons 

Ionia.. 

Boston 

Flat River 

Ada 

Giiand Rapids 

Grand ville 

Port Sheldon ... 
Grand Haven. 





13 


;^ 16 


4 20 





25 


4 


29 


« 


;i5 


7 


42 


H 


48 


8 


51 


8 


;,.9 


Vi 


71 


15 


m 


25 


111 



Dexter 

Sylvan 

Grass Lake. .. 

Leoni 

Jackson 

Barry 

Smithtield 

Albion 

Waterburg... 

Marengo 

Marshall... 

Andover 

Battle Creek . 

Charleston 

Galesburg 

Conistock 

Kalamazoo . 
Stage. 

Pawpaw 

Kendall 

KeetersviUe... 
Bainbridge ... 
St. Joseph's 



92 
97 
100 
108 
113 
120 
125 
8,133 
4137 
142 
146 



18164 
8172 
8180 
10190 
10 200 



7118 
10128 

7135 
10145 
10155 

7162 
25 18t 
12199 



(542) F'm Detroit to 
St. Joseph's, 

Via Jackson, Marshall, 
(Sr Kalamazoo. 



Central Railroad. 
To Dearborn viJle. I 

S. Nankin a 

S. Plymouth 8 

Ypsilanti | 7 



(543) F'm Detroit to 

Niles. 

To Ypsilanti— 
(see No. 542) ... 

PitUHeld 

Saline 

Benton 

Clinton 

Iron Creek 

Cambridge 

Woodstock 

Somerset 

Moscow 

Scipio 

Sylvanus 

Qnincy 

Cold Water ... 

Branch 

Batavia 

Bronson's Prairie, 

Prairie River 

Freedom 

Sherman 

W. Sherman 

White Pigeon — 

Mottsville 

Union , 

Adamsville 

Edwardsburg 

I )over 

Niles 



To Niles— 

10 (see No. 543) . . . 

15 1 Terre Coupee, la. 

23 1 Hudson 

30 iLaporte 

Ann Arbor '10! 40 jMk higan City., 

Scio .♦. I 6' 46ilCity West 



57 

66 

7; 73 

6 79 
9 88 

4 92 

5 97 
7104 
6110 
3113 
4117 
4121 
51^6 
5131 
4135 
5140 
8148 
6154 
6160 
7167 
51172 
317.=> 

7 182 



Calumet, III 1241267 

Chicago |l2|279 

(545) F'm Detroit to 
Toledo. 



ToTrungo.. 
Gibraltar .... 
Hrownstown 

Brest 

Monroe .... 

La Salle 

Erie 

Manhattan, O ! 9 

Toledo ' 3 



13 

8 21 

4 25 
13 38 

5 43 



(546) F'm Detroit to 
Adrian. 



To Clinton — 
(see No. 543) . . 

Tecumseh 

Adrian 



52 
5' 57 
lOi 67 



(544) F'm Detroit to 
Chicago. 



(547) F'm Detroit to 

Buffalo. 

Steamboat. 

To Sandusky, O.. I 175 

Huron 'lO' 85 

Black River 20105 

Cleveland 27132 

Grand River 30162 

Ashtabula 30192 

Conneaut 14 206 

Erie, Pa 30 236 

Portland, N.Y. ..|3026ti 

Dunkirk 16282 

Buffalo 145 327 

(548) F'm Detroit to 

Chicago. 



182' 

um; 

5201 
13 214 

12226 
17 243 



To Ft. Gratiot. . . 




72 


Point au Barques 


75 


147 


Thunder Bay Is. 


75 


222 


Presque Isle 


80 


302 


Mackinac 


6.-. 


36V 


MHnitcju Islands. 


103 


4,0 


Milwaukie, Wis. 


1.^.0 


620 




2 
13 


W5 


Southport 


6=8 


Chicago, 111. ... 


b'i 


/Id 



(549) Fr'm Monroe to 

Niles. 

Southern Railroad. 

To Ida 

Somerfield... 

Deerfield 

Adrian 

Dover 

Hudson 

Pittsford 

Florida 

Hillsdale . 





12 


6 


18 


4 


22 


12 34 


7 41 


10 51 


6 57 


5 62 


6 


by 



216 



Stage, 

Sylvanus 

Quincy 

C(-kl Water,. 

NlLES— 

(.see i\o. 543) 



ROUTES IN ILLINOIS. 



8 76 

7 83 
6 89 

72161 



(550) F'm Toledo, O., 

TO NiLES. 

Erie iS- Kalnviazoo RR. 
ToVVhiteford.... I 12 
Blissford, Mich... ll| 23 

Palmyra 4 27 

Adrian 6 33 

NiLES— I 

CseeNo. 549)...127160 

(551) From Adrian to 

Jackson. 



..I 



To Tecumseli 

Clinton 

Mancliester 

Elba 

Napoleon 

Michif^aii Centre. 
Jackson 



(552) From Marshall 
to Michigan City, 
la. 
To Cedar Lake. ,. ] 5 

Newton 8i 13 

Athens 8| 21 

Sherwood 4! 25 

Port Pleasant 6| 31 

Nottaway 6! 37 

Centreville ... 5 42 

Mottville 16! 58 

Bristol, la 6 64 

Elkhart 8i 72 

Mishawaka lit 83 

South Bend 41 8/ 

Bis Springs 30117 

Michigan City.. 12i129 



1553) F'm Kalamazoo 
to Grand Kapids. 



To Richland 

Fiilr.on 

Yankee Springs .. 

Middlevilie 

Ada 

Grand Rapids... 



I 11 
4 15 

10 25 

8 33 

20 53 

lO' 6^3 



(555) From Shawnee- 
tovvn to Vincennes. 



To New Haven 

Cpncord 

Carmi 

Phillipstown ... 

Graysville 

Mt. Carmel 

Armstrong 

Vincennes .... 



17 

6 23 
8 31 
8 39 
9, 48 
IS 66 
10 76 
19 95 

(556) From Shawnee- 
town to Spring- 
field. 



(554) F'm Kalamazoo 
TO Grand Haven. 



To Plainville. 

Ot<ego 

Alleiran 

Richmond... . 
Siiugatuck ... 
Port Sheldon 



4 

12 
17 

8 
17 
Grand Haven... 12 



To Duncanton ... 
McLeanshoro'. . . . 
Moore's Prairie... 

Mt. Vernon 

Jordon's Prnirie.. 

Salem 

Vandalia 

Hurricane 

Hillsboro' 

Zanesville 

Springfield 



(557) From Shawnee- 
TOWN TO St. Louis. 



To Cy press ville. . 

Equality 

Gallatin 

Frankfort 

Mt. Hawkins.... 

Nashville 

Pleasant Grove.. 

Mascoutah 

Belleville 

St. Louis 



(558) From Golconda 
TO St. Louis. 



To Sarahville . 
Marion C. H .. 

Frankfort 

St. Louis— 
(see No. 557). 



I 34 

9 43 

55 



156 



(559) From Shawnee- 
TOWN to Cape Gi- 
rardeau, Mo. 



ToMt. Airy 

Vienna 

Mt. Pleasant 

Jonesboro' 

Clear Creek L'd'g 
Cape (Sirardeau 



(560) Fr'm Kaskaskia 
TO Vincennes. 

To Sparta. 



- -, ,18 
Elkhorn 161 34 



Nashville 7 

Walnut Hill lisl 



Salem 

Cato 

Maysville 

Olney 

Ijawrenceville.. 



Ill 7 

181 8 
181 lOi 
25 13: 

. 22 15: 



Vincennes I 9;i6; 

(561) Fr'm Kaskaskij 
TO St. Louis. 

To Prairie de I 

Rocher 14 

Waterloo 2l| 35 

Columbia 8 \'i 

Cahokia 9 52 

St. Louis 3. 55 

(562) From Alton to 
Jacksonville. 

To Brighton i ! 12 

Delaware 12 24 

8 32 
3; 3> 
8 43 
10 53 
lOl 63 



Fayette 

Greenfield 

Athensville 

Williamsburg 

Jacksonville. . . 



(563) F'm Springfield 

TO Chicago, 

Via Peoria. 



To Middletown . 

Delevan 

Dillon 

Tremont 

Pekin 

Peoria 

Rome 

Chillicothe 

Lacon 

Hennepin 

La Salle 

Ottawa 

Lisbon , 

A usable 

JoLiET 

Lockport 

Keepateau 

DesPlaines 

Flagg Creek 

Summit 

Chicago 



20 
25 45 

8 53 
4! 57 
5i 62 
8i 70 

15! 85 
3i 88 
14102 
17119 
15134 
15 149 
21 170 

9 179 
13192 

5)97 
8 205 
4 209 
6 215 
4 219 
13232 



(564) F'm Springfield 
TO Galena, 
Via Peoria. 
To Peoria— 
(see No. 563) ... 70 

N. Hampton 20 90 

Providence 24 114 

Scottsville 35149 

Dixon's Ferry .... 12161 
Buffalo Grove.... 12173 

Cherry Grove ll7l]9G 

Apple River 25 215 

Galena 15^0 



ROUTES IN ILLINOIS. 



217 



(565) F'm Springfield] 
TO Lewistown. 



i(570) F'm Springfield 
I TO Shawnketown. 



To Salisbury .. 

Petersburg 

Sand Ridge .... 

Havanua 

Waterford 

Lewistown i 5 





14 


19 


'^H 


1-2 


4ft 


8 


06 


5 


58 


14 


72 


i'2i m 


12! 9H 


15 


111 



(566) F'm Springfield 
to q.uincy. i 

Railroad. 

To Berlin 

Jacksonville.. 

BeUiel 

Meredosia.. 
Sta^e. 

Versailles 

Mt. Sterling.. 

Clayton 

Columbus 

Q.U1NCY 

(567) F'm Springfield 
to BurlingtoNj Io. 

Via Jacksonville and 
Beardstuwn. 

Railroad. 

To Jacksonville . 

Stage. 

Arcadia 

Bath 

Beardstovk^n 

Rushville 

Doddsville , 

Macomb 16 

Muddv Lane. 

Bedford 

Honey Creek , 
Shokokan — 
Burlington 



To Zanesville... 

Hillsboro' 

Hurricane 

Vandalia 

Salem 

Jordan's Prairie. 

Mt. Vernon 

Moore's Prairie.. 
McLeansboro' .. 

Duncanton 

Shawneetown 



38 
26 64 

15 79 
12 91 
25116 
14130 

8138 
I4I152 
13|165 

16 181 
23 204 



(574) From Peoria to 

Chicago, 
(See No. 563) I 1162 



(571) F'm Springfield 
TO Cincinnati, 
Via Indianapolis, 

To Rochester 1 ! 10 

Tavlorsville '16 26 

Shelbyville 34 60 

Cochran's Grove . 12 72 

Paradise [ 9, 81 

Bethsaida 



(];harleston 8 

Hitesville 12 

;Grandvievv..; 1 6 



33 

48: 

57; 

69; 
80 : 

96 
12108 
5113 
7 120 
7|127 
8il35 



(568) F'm Springfield 
TO F't Madison, Io. 

Via Mauvoo. 

To Rushville— 
(see No. 567) . . . 69 

Camden 12 81! 

Huntsville 8 89 

Pulaski 5 941 

Augusta 2 96; 

Plymouth 510l[ 

Carthage 'l4115| 

Nauvoo 18133 

Appanoos ! 8 141 

Fort Madison.. 2143 

(569) F'm Springfield 
TO St. Louis. 



To Auburn 

Carlinville 

Lmcoln 

Paddock's Grove. 

Edwardsville 

St. Louis 



Paris 10 

Elbndge \ 9 

Terre Haute .. H 

Van Buren 12 

Harmony 7 

Manhattan 8 

Putnamsville 4 

Mt. Meridian 6 

Stilesville 8 

Belleville 81197 

Plainfield 5|202 

Bridgeport 6208 

Indianapolis 9,217 

Cincinnati— I 
(see No. 532)... 105 322 

(572) F'm Springfield 
TO La Fayette, la. 

To Mechanicsb'rg 15 

Decatur 25 40 

Monticello 25 65 

Urbana 22 87 

Union 14 101 

Danville 20,121 

Covington, la. ...|15;136 
La Fayette— j I 
(seeNo. 535) ... 40176 

(573) From Jackson- 
ville TO St. Louis. 

To Williamsburg. 10 

1 Manchester 10 20 

1 Whitehall 8 28 

Carrollton 10 

Kane 8 46 

Jersey ville 51 

Delhi 7 58 

Alton 13 71 

ISt. Louis 24 95 

10 



(575) From Peoria to 


Galena. 




ToN. Hampton.. 




20 


Providence 


24 


44 


Scottsville 


35 


79 


Dixons ville 


12 


91 


Buffalo Grove — 


12 


WH 


Cherry Grove 


17 


120 


Apple River 


2o 


146 


Galena 


15 


160 


(576) From Peoria to 


Burlington 




To Robin's Nest.. 




14 


Charleston 


7 


21 


French Creek 


6 


if/ 


Trenton 


8 


Hh 


Knox C. H 


10 


45 


Galesburg 


5 


5U 


Cold Brook 


10 


60 


MONMOUTK 


6 


66 


Oquavvka 


18 


84 


Burlington, Io. 


101 94 


(577) From Peoria to 


St. Louis. 




To Pekin 




S 




5 
4 


13 


Dillon 


17 




8 
25 


'^5 


Middletown 


50 


Springfield 


20 


70 


St. Louis— 






(see No. 569) .., 


95 


165 



(578) F'm Chicago to 
Milwaukee, Wis. 

To Dutchman's I I 

Point 12 

Wheeling 4! 16 

Halfday 1 5i 21 

Liberty ville ! 7i 28 

Abington 4 32 

Little Fort 7 39 

Otsego 8: 47 

Siilona, Wis 7i 54 

Southport ■■ 7i 61 

Racine llj 72 

Oak Creek 15: 87 

Milwaukee ilOl 97 

(579) Fr'm Chicago TO 
Madison. Wis. 

To Rockford— | 
(see No. 580)...! 

Roscoe il3 

Pecatonica. . 

Beloit 

Janesville ... 

Union 

Madison — 



85 
98 
102 
106 
118 
21139 
20159 



218 



ROUTES IN ILLINOIS. 



(580) F'm Chicago to 

Prairie du Chien, 

Kia Oalena. 

To Cazenovia 11 

BJoomingdale . . . . 12 23 

Elgin 12 35 

Udina 6 41 

Hampshire 8 49 

Coral 6 55 

Marengo 4 59 

Amesville 5 64 

Belvidere 7 71 

Cleveland 7 78 

ROCKFORD 7 85 

Vanceburg 12 97 

Silver Creek 9106 

Freeport 6112 

Burr-oak Grove ..13125 

Apple River 18143 

Galena 15 158 

Jamestown 18 176 

Paris 8184 

Cassville 18 202 

Patch Grove 12214 

PrairieduChien 15 229 

(581) F'm Chicago to 

Rock Island, 

fia Dixon. 



To Brush Hill.... I 
Downer's Grove. . 4 

Napierville 6 

Aurora 9 

Sugar Grove 6 

Acasta I 7 

Little Rock I 3 

Soinonauk 6 

Pawpaw Grove ..,17 



Inlet jl6, 92 

Dixon 14106 

Sterling ojlll 

Rock River Rap-| 

ids I 7118 

Lyndon 12130 

Crandall's Ferry.. 11141 
Rock Island 33ll74 

(582) F'm Chicago to 

St. Louis, 
yia Peoria ^ Spring- 
field. 

To Summit I 13 

Flag Creek 4! 17 

DesPlaines 6 23 

Keepateau 4! 27 

Lockport 8' 35 

Joliet 5 40 

Au Sable il3 

Lisbon ' 9 

Ottawa 21 

La Salle 15 



Rome 31471 

Peoria 15162 

Pekin 8170 

Tremont 5175 

Dillon 4179 

Delevan 8187 

Middletown 25 212 

Springfield 20 232 

St. Louis— I ' 

CseeNo. 569) ...195 327 

C583) F'm Chicago to 
Shawneetown. 

To Summit 13 

Flag Creek 4 17 

DesPlaines 6 23 

Keepateau 4 27 

Lockport 8 35 

Joliet 5 40 

Wilmington 20 60 

Rockville 10 70 

Bulbonus Grove..| 6 76 

Iroquois 28104 

Miltbrd 112116 

North Fork ,22 138 

Danville 16 154 

Georgetown 10 164 

Bloomfield 15179 

Paris 13192 

Marshall 116 208 

Darwin . 10 218 

York 9227 

Hutsonsville.. - (5 232 

Palestine | 8 240 

Russell ville 15 2 )5 

Vincennes 10 265 



Armstrong 19 

Mt. Carmel 10 

Griiysville 18 

Philipstown j 9 

Carmi ] 8 

Concord i 8 

New Haven 6 

Shawneetown . 17 



Coldwater 31^ 

Q.uincy 6175 

Sylvanus 7182 

Scipio 5187 

Moscow 4 191 

Somerset 9 200 

Woodstock 6 206 

Cambridge 7 213 

Iron Creek 9 222 

Clinton 5227 

Benton 7 234 

Saline 5239 

Pittsfield 5 244 

Ypsilanti 5 249 

Central Railroad. 

S. Plymouth I 71256 

S. Nankin 8264 

Dearborn 5269 

Detroit il0l279 

(585) Fr'm Galena to 
Chicago, 
Fia Rock ford. 
To Elizabeth, (or 
Apple River)... 
Burr-oak Grove .. 

Freeport 

Silver Creek 

Vanceburg 

Rockford 

Cleveland 

Belvidere 

Amesville 

Marengo 

Coral 

Hampshire 

Udina 

Elgin 6123 

Bloomingdale.... 12135 

Ciizenovia 12 147 

Chicago 11 158 



(584) F'm Chicago to 
Detroit. 

To Cnlumet 

City West, la... 
Michigan City 

Laporte 

Hudson 

Terre Coupee . . 
Niles 



Ed wardsburg 10 



Adamsville 

Union 

Mottsville .. 
White Pigeon., 
W. Sherman... 
Sherman 

83|l Freedom 

98|:Prairie River. 



Hennepin 15 llSjBronson's Prairie. 

Lncon 17 130 iBatavia 

Chiliicothe 14 144|lBranch 



12 

36 

53 

6 

78 

83 

97 

107 

112 

119 

125 

131 

8 139 

5144 

4148 

5153 

51-8 

4162 

4166 



15 

33 

46 

52 

61 

73 

80 

87 

94 

99 

103 

6109 

8117 



(586) Fr'm Galena to 

Madison. 
To Hazel Green 

Elk Grove 

Belmont 

Mineral Point.. 

Dodgeville 

Ridgeway 

Beaumont 

Madison 



(587) Fr'm Galena to 

PRAmiE DU ChIEN. 



To Jamestown . . . ; 

Pfiris I 8 

Ciissville 18 

Piitch Grove !2 

PrairieduChienI15 



(588) Fr'm Galena to 
Dubuque. 

By Stage &, Ferryl 1 16 



ROUTES IN WISCONSIN AND IOWA. 



219 



(589) Fr'm Galena to 
Rock Island. 

To Hanover I 15 

Savaniiuh 141 %i 

Fiiiton IB! 45 

Albany 10; 55 

Cordova ;13: 68 

Port Byron i 6 74 

Hampton 10 84 

Rock Island — 10 94 

(590) F'm Rock Island 
TO St. Louis. 



To Monmouth 

Macomb 

Doddsville 

Rushville 

Beardstown .. . 

Bath 

Arcadia 

Jacksonville.. . 
St. Louis— 
(see No. 573) 



42 

341 76 

16 92 

llll03 

12115 

9,124 

8132 

71139 

95 234 



(591) F'm Rock Island 
TO Chicago. 

To Crandall's Fer- 
ry 

Lyndon 

Rock River Rap- 
ids 

Sterling 

Dixon 

Inlet 

Pawpaw Grove .. 

Somonauk 

Little Rock 

Acasta 

Sugar Grove 

Aurora 

Napierville 

Downer'iGrove. . 

Brush Hill 

Chicago 



44 

56 

63 

68 

82 

98 

17115 

6121 

3124 

7131 

6137 

9146 

6152 

4156 

18174 



(592) F'm Rock Island 

TO Milwaukee. 
To Dixon — 
(see No. 591) 

Grand Detour 6 74 

Oregon City i 9 83 

Byron 11! ^4 

Rockford 16110 



Roscoe 
Pecatonica . . . 

Beloit 

Janesville 

•lohnstown ... 
Sugar Creek., 

Troy 

Mukwanago 

Vernon 

New Berlin . 
Greenfield 



13 123 

4127 

4131 

12 143 

12 155 

12167 

8175 

12187 

5,192 

6198 

4'202 



To Oak Creek....! 

Racine 15 

rioutliport 11 

Salona 

Otsego, III 

Little Fort 

.Abington 

Libertyville 

Hnlfday 

Wheeling 

Dutchman's Point 
Chicago, 111 12 



(593) F'm Milwaukee 
TO Chicago. 



Milwaukee : 65 



(594) From Mouth of 
Illinois River to 
La Salle. 

Steamboat. I 
To Montezuma. . . | 45 

Naples ;18 63 

Meredosia I 7 70 

Beardstown 15 85 

Havanna 30 115 

Pekin 30145 

Peoria ! 9154 

Rome 13167 

Lacon 12 179 

Hennepin 1819 

La Salle il5i212 

(595) F'm Milwaukee 
to Rock Island. 

To Greenfield .... I I 6 

New Berlin 4 10 

Vernon 6 16 

Mukwanago 5 21 

Troy 12' 33 

Sugar Creek 8 41 

Johnston Il2l 53 

Janesville 121 65 

12; 77 
4 81 
4 85 
13' 98 
16114 
11125 
9134 
6140 
68 208 



Beloit 

Pecatonica 

Roscoe , 

Rockford 

Byron , 

Oregon City , 

Grand Detour 

Dixon 

Rock Island 



(596) F'm Milwaukee 
to Madison. 

To Prairie Villagel | 15 

Summit 15; 30 

Aztalan 20, 50 

Cottage Grove ... 9 59 
Madison 21 80 

(597) F'm Madison to 
Fort Winnebago 

By Stage I I 40 



(598) F'm Madison to 
Galena. 



To Beaumont | 

Kidgewiiv 10 

Dodgeville ' 9 

Mineral P<-int i 8 

Belmont 12 

Elk Grove 7 

Hazel Green 12 

Galena 9 



(599) F'm Dubuque to 
Davenport. 



To Andrew 

De Witt 128 

Davenport Il8 



(600) F'm Davenport 
TO Iowa City. 

To Rockingham.. 

Montpelier 

Wyoming 

Bloomingtoii 

Overman's Ferry. 

W. Liberty 

Iowa City 





5 


12 


17 





22 


7 


29 


11 


40 


8 

12l 


48 
60 



(601) F'm Davenport 
TO Burlington. 

ToBloomington..! | 29 

Musctitine 11 40 

Grand view 

Wappello 

Florence 

Vellow Springs, 
Burlington... 



lol 83 



(602) F'm Burlington 
TO lovvA City, 



To Yellow Springs I 

Florence 9] 

Wappello i 7| 



Grand view i 9 40 



Muscatine 8 

Bloomington 11 

W. Liberty 19 



Iowa City 121 85 

(603) F'm Burlington 
TO St. Louis. 

To Augusta 11 

Fort Madison . . 11 22 

Montrose 12 34 

St. Francisville, 

Mm 11 45 

Waterloo 6 51 

Winchester 10 61 

Monticelo 115 76 

Davis's Prairie... I 6 82 

La Grange 9 91 

Palmyra 18109 

Hannibal 113122 



220 



ROUTES IN MISSOURI. 



New London... 10 132 

Frankfort '8140 

Bowling Green 14 154 

Auburn 20 174 

Troy ,12186 

Flint Hill 10196 

St. Peter's 14 210 

St. Charles....! 8 218 
Owen's t;tatioiK..j 6 224 

Wiiltonhum 5 229 

St. Louis I 9^238 

(604) F'm Burlington 
TO Feoria. 

To Oquawka . 

MonniDUth 

Cold Brook ... 

Gulesbiirg 

KnoxC. H. ... 

Trenton 

French Creek . 

Charleston 

Robin's Ne.st , 



8i 67 

6 73 

7 80 
Peoria 141 94 



(605) F'm Burlin 
to q.uincy. 

To Augusta 

Fort Madison 

Appanoos, 111. ... 

Nauvoo 

Des Moines 

Warsaw 

Green Plains 

Lima 

Ursa 

Q.UINCY 



GTON 
I 11 

11 22 
21 24 
8i 32 

10 42 

7 49 
5 54 

8 62 
8 70 

10; 80 



Jersey ville 

Kane , 

Orrollton , 

Whitehall 

Manchester 

VVilliainsburg. , 

Jacksonville jlO 

Burlington— ' 
(see No. 567)... 102 



(606) From St. Louis 

TO Chicago, 

Via Svrvigfield, ILL, 

and Peoria. 

To Edwardsville 
Paddock's Grove. 

Lincoln 8 

Carlinville 20 

Auburn |24 

Springfield 15 

Chicago— ' 

(see No. 563)... 232 



(607) From St. Louis 
TO Galena. 

Via Spring/' d, Peoria, 

(Sr Dixonsville. 
To Springfield— I 

(see No. 606) ... 95 
Galena— I 

(see No. 564)... 230 325 

(608) From St. Louis 
to Burlington, Io. 
Via Jacksonville, III. 

To Alton I 124 

Delhi 113137 



(609) From St. Louis 
TO Iowa City. 

To Waltonham..! I 9 
Owen's Station ..5 14 
St. Charles — 6| 20 

St. Peter's I 8| 28 

Flint Hill 14 42 

Troy 10, 52 

Auburn 12' 64 

Bowling Green... 20l 84 

Frankfort 14: 98 

New London 8106 

Hannibal 10116 

Palmyra 13 129 

La Grange 18147 

Davis's Prairie...; 9156 

Monticello • 6162 

Winchester 15177 

Waterloo 10187 

St. Fraiicisville... 6193 

Montrose 11,204 

Fort Madison . . 12216 

Augusta 111227 

Burlington Ilj238 

Iowa City— i 
(see No. 602).... 851323 

(610) From St. Louis 
to Ft. Leavenw'th, 

Via St. Charles, Fulton, 
&r Chariton. 

To Waltonham.. 9 
Owen's Station... 5 141 

St. Charles 6 20; 

Stockland 12 32 i 

Pond Fort 3 35i 

Hickory Grove... 13 48 

Warrenton 10 58 

HighHill 9 67' 

Danville 17 84i 

Williamsburg.... 10 94 
Jones's Tanyard. . 7 101 

Fulton 8109 

Millersburg 12121 

Columbia 12,133 

Decatur ,18151 

Fayette 9160 

Glasgow 121172 

Chariton '2174 

Keytesville ll5|l89 

Brunswick 11200 

Plea.santPark.... 9 209 

Manlius 6 215 

Carrollton | 7222 

Round Grove 13 235 



R chmand 141249 

Elkhorn 9 2j8 

Fredericksburg... 5|263 

Liberty 13|2''6 

Barry 10!286 

Piatt City 13,299 

Fort Leaven- 1 I 
WORTH I 8 307 

(611) From St. Louis 
TO Jefferson Cit\. 

To Fulton— I 

(seeNo. 610) ... 109 
NewBloomfield.. 22131 

Hibernia 10141 

Jefferson City. 1 142 

(612) From St. Louis 
to Independence. 

To Manchester ... 1 20 

Fox Creek 14 34 

Point Labadie.... 9 43 

Union 12 55 

Gasconade 37 92 

Lucy's Creek 14 106 

Lisle 12118 

Jefferson City. 10 128 

Marion 15143 

Moniteau 5148 

Clark's Fork 15163 

BOONVILLK 101173 

La Mme 10183 

Arrow Rock ... 12 195 

Marshall 15 210 

Grand Pass 16 226 

Mt. Hope 8 234 

Dover 7241 

Lexington 11 252 

Wellington 12 264 

Fort Osage 16 280 

Independence .. 12 292 

(613) From St. Louis 
TO Ft. Smith, Ark. 

Via Caledonia and 
Springfield. 

To Carondolet | 6 

Jefferson Barracks 5i 11 
Knott's Sulphur 

Springs 11 22 

Cliflon 4 26 

Hillsboro' Ho 41 

Glentinlas 10 51 

Old Mines 9 60 

Potrisi 7 67 

Caledonia 12 79 

Harmony 15 94 

OsQge 15109 

Steelville 12121 

MaramecC. H. .. 12133 

Little Prairie 10143 

Little Piney 20 1H3 



Pine Bluff I 8 

VVaynesville 12 

Bellefonte 11 



1-1 

183 
194 



ROUTES IN MISSOURI. 



221 



Oakland 

Cave Spring 

Woodbury 

Pleasant Prairie .. 
Walnut Forest... 
Springfield — 

Cane Creek 

Cnssville 

Bentonville, Ark. 

Fayetteville 

Sweet Home 

Cane Hill 

Evansville 

Van Buren 

Fort Smith 



13 

8 
10 
12 
13 

8 

23 
27 
31 
22361 

io:37i 

6!377 
10 387 
30'417 

5422 



(614) F'm St. Louis to 
lilTTLE KocK, Ark. 

Via Caledonia, Freder- 
icktown, and Hicks' 
Ferry, Jirk. 

To Caledonia — I I 
(see No. 613) ...I 79 

Farmington 22101 

Mine La Motte...i 4; 10,) 
Fredericktown . . . I 4:i09 

Greenville <35;144 

Cane Creek 23,167 

Hick's Ferry, Ark27iiy4 
Fourche Du Mas. 14208 

Jackson 16 224 

Smith viile 15 239 

Reed's Creek 15 254 

tJatesville 20 2;4 

Searcy C.H 40 314 

ijiTTLK Rock ... 501364 

(.615) F'm St. Louis to 
New Madrid. 

To Fredericktown 1 
(see No. 614) . . . 1109 

Jackson 38 147 

Cape Girardeau.. 11 158 

Spring Hill 6164 

Benton 9 173 

Pleasant Plains... 10 183 

Ogden I 8191 

New Madrid.... 23214 

(616) F'm St. Louis to 
Louisville, Ky. 

Via Vincennes. 



To Belleville, 111.. 
Rock Spring 


8 
4 
11 

6 
9 
26 
18 
18 
25 


14 

22 

^6 


Aviston 


37 


Shoal Creek 

Carlisle 

Salkm 

Cato 


43 

52 
78 
P6 


Maysville 

Olney 


114 

139 



Berry ville 

Washington 

Mt. Pleasant ... 
Cuhimbiaville. . 

Paoli 

Hardinsburg . .. 
Fredericksburg. 

Palmyra 

Greenville 

New Albany ... 
Louisville 



1 


16 


25 


41 


9 


50 


8 


58 


9 


67 


6 


73 


7 


80 


9 


89 


5 


94 



Lawrenceville. 
Vincennes. la. 



22 161 
J 9'l70l 



131183 
7190 
15205 
12217 
16233 
12245 
5 2.50 
5 255 
8263 
12 275 
4279 



(617) F'm St. Louis to 
Indianapolis, 

Via Vavdolia, 111., Sr 
Terre Haute, la. 

To CoUinsville . 
Hickory Grove. 

Greenville 

Mulberry Grove 

Vandalia 

Cumberland 

Howard's Point 

Freemanton 

Ewington 

Woodbury 

Greenup ! 7119 

Casey 10 129 

Martinsville i 6135 

Marshall 12 14 

Livingston 4|15l 

Terre Haute .. 13164 
Van Buren ... 

Harmony 

Manhattan... 
iPutnamsville , 
Mt. Meridian. 

Stilesville ' 8 209 

Belleville ' 8217 

Plainfield 5 222! 

Bridgeport 62281 

Indianapolis 9'237j 

(618) F'm St. Louis to! 

Santa Fe. 
Stage. 
To Independ'ce, I 
(see No. 612) . . . 292 
Caravan Route. 

Westport 12'304 

Round Grove 23 327 

Narrows '30 357 

110 Mile Creek ... 3.^392 

Bridge Creek 8 400 

Big John Spring.. 40 440 

Council Grove I 2 442 

Diamond Spring . 15[457 

Lost Spring 15 472 

Cottonwood Cr'k.l2 484 
Turkey Creek... . |25i509 
Little Arkansas .. 17 526 

Cow Creek 20 546 

Arkansas River .. 16 562 
Walnut Creek.... 81570 
Ash Creek 19 589 



18112 



12 176 
7183 
8191 
4195 
6201 



Pawnee Fork .... 61595 

Coon Creek 33J628 

Caches 36 664 

Ford of Arkansas. 20 684 

Sand Creek 50 734 

Cimarron River .. 8 742 
Middle Spring.... ;«778 

Willow Bar 26804 

Upper Spring .... 18 822 

Cold Spring 5 827 

Mc.Nee's Creek... 25 852 
Ra.bif-ear Creek. 20 872 
Roiiiid Mound ...1 8 880 

RockCipek I 8 888 

Point of Rocks ...19 907 

Rio Colorado i20 927 

Ocate 6933 

Santa Clara I 

Spring 121954 

Rio Mora J22 976 

RioGallinas 120 996 

Ojo de Bernal I I 

Spring 171013 

San Miguel 61019 

Pecos Village ... 231042 
Santa Fe 1251067 

(619) F'M St. I,ouis to 
Astoria, Oregon. 

Steamboat. 

To Kansas L'd'g, 
(m. of KnnsfisR.) 
(see page 227; . . . 

Emigrant Route 
Kansas River 

Crossing 

Platte River .... 
Forks of Platte 

River 

Chimney Rock. 
Scott's Bluff.... 
Fort Larimie... 

Red Buttes 

Rock Independ- 
ence 501233 

South Pass... 1101343 
Green River.... 701413 
Beer Springs... 1901603 

Fort HhII 501653 

American Fulls. 221675 
Fishing Fulls... 1251800 
Lewis R. Cross. 

ing 

Fort Boi.-e 

Burnt River 

Grande Ronde.. 
Ft. VVallawalla. 
Umatillah Riv.. 
John Dny's R. . 

Falls River 

Dalles.... ..... 

Cascades , 

Fort Vancouver 



381 



75! 456 
220 676 



40 1840 
130 1970 
70 2040 
68 2108 
90 2198 
25 2223 
70 229:^ 
20 2:^13 
20,2333 
4.52378 
55 2433 
Astoria 10012533 



791 
946 
22 968 
601028 
1551183 



STEAMBOAT ROUTES 



THE OHIO AND MISSISSIPPI RIVE/IS. 

(Route 620) 



Names of Places. 









C 0; 

O - O-T- 



f^S 



1176 
1164 
1161 
1141 

ll:i5 
1122 
1117 

1096 
1U«9 

iObi 

10.2 
10/1 
1059 
1044 
1022 
1014 
99/ 



974 
967 



Pittsburg, Pa 

Middletown, " 

tconomy, *' 

Beaver, " 

Georgetown, " 

Liverpool, Ohio 

Welisville, 

Sleubeiiville, " 

Welisville, Va 

Warren, O 

Wheeling, Va 

Bridgeport, O 

Elizabethtown, Va 

Laiiesville, " 

Sistersville, " 

Grand View, Ohio 

Newport, " 

Marietta, " 

Muskingam Riner 

Vienna, Va 

Parkersburq, " 

L.ittle Kanawha River 

Blannerhassett's Island , 

Troy,0 

Belleville, Va 

LiCtart's Rapids 

Pomeroy, O , 

Point Pleasant, Va 

Great Kavawlia River 

Gallipolis, Ohio 

Racoon Creek, " 

Newcastle, " 

Guyandotte, Va 

(TiLyandolte River 

Biirlington, O 

Big Sandy River, Va. & Ky 

Cutletsburg, Ky 

Hanging Rock, O 



496 
484: 
471: 
461 
445 
442 
437 
416 
409 
401 
392 
391 
379' 
S64' 
342 
334 
317 
300 

294 

287 



211 285 
221 275 
226! 270 
264' 232 
2791 21 
296! 200 
" I " 
300 196 

306 ipo: 

315 181 

337i 159 



633 10041246' 
621 9921234 
60S 9791221 
598 969,1211' 
582| 953lll95i 
579! 950 11921 
574^ 945'1187| 
553 9241166 
546; 917 1159 
538, 9091151 
529 9001142 
528 8991141' 
516: 887 1129: 
501 8721114' 
479 8501092 
4711 842! 1084 
454 8251067 
808,1050 

802:1044 
79511037 



437 



1743 2044 2149 
1731 2032 2137 
1718 2019 2124 
1708 2009 2114 
1692 1993 2098 
lti89 1990 2095i 
16841985 2090 
1663 1964 2069 
16o6 1957 2062 
1648 1949 2054 
1639 1940 204j 
1638 1939 2044 
1626 1927 2032 
16111912 201/ 
lo89 1890 1995 
1581 1882 1987 
!1564 1865 19/0 
154/ 1848 1953 
"I " , " 
154118421947 
1.^34 1»35 1940 



422 7931035 
412 7831025 

407 778:1020 



333 



8 345 151 

3 1"! " 

1 I 349 147: 

14 I 363 la3 



740' 982 
7251 967 
708! 950 

704! 946 
698: 940 
689: 931 
667 j 909 

659! 901 



153218331938 965 
1522182319281 955 
1517 1818 19231 950 
1479 1780 18&3I 912 
1464176.11870 897 
144/ ,1748 1853 880 



144317441849 
143/ 1738 1843 
142? 1729 1834 
14061707:1812 

139816991804 



284 655' 897 139416951800 827 
2/0l 641: 88313801681,17861 813 



876 
870 
861 

839 

831 



STEAMBOAT ROUTES OHIO RIVER. 



223 



Names of Places. 



\B6 g '^ 

Pi Ch U 



Greenupsburg, Ky 

J^ittle ISandu River 

Portsmouth, O 

Scioto River 

Rockville, O 

Vtmceburg, Ky 

Rome, O 

Concord, Ky 

Manchester, O 

Maysville. Ky 

Aberdeen, (opposite,) O 

Ripley, O 

Higginsport, O 

Angusta, Ky 

Neville, Ohio 

Moscow, " 

New Richmond, '* 

Little Miami River 

Columbia, Ohio 

Fulton, ■' 

Cincinnati, " 

Newport, " 

Covington, (opposite,) Ky. ... 

North Bend, O 

La wrenceburg, la 

Aurora, " 

RisingSan, '* 

Patriot, " 

Warsaw, Ky 

New York, la 

Vevay, " 

Ghent, (opposite,) Ky 

Carrollton, " 

Mouth of Kentucky River . . . 

Madison, la 

Milton, (opposite,) Ky 

New London, la 

Bethlehem, " 

Westport, Ky 

Charleston, la 

Utica, " 

Jeffersonville, " 

Louisville, Ky 

Shippingsport, " 

Portland, " 

New Albany, (opposite,) la. 

Sail River, Ky 

West Point, " 

Brandenburg, " 

Mauksport, la 

Leven worth, " 

Fredonia, " 

Rome, " 

Stevensport, Ky 

Cloverport, " 



E 



184 

178 
„„, 175 
30 167 
2e| lb3 
19 15« 
10 147 

5 142 

2 l:« 

1371 5U8 



12; '&\ s 



13741675,178 
1352 1653il758 



597 839 1336 1637|l742 
593 8^5 133216331738 
587 8291326162711732 
583! 8251322,16231728 



1314 1615 1:211 
1302il603jl708 



16 121! 492 
23! 1141 485 
27! 110, 489 



797 1294' 
791 1288' 
788 1285 
78011277 
7761273 
7691266 
7601257 
75511252 
7521249 
75011247 



15951700 
15891694 
1586 1691 
15781683 
157416/9 
1567:i6;2 
15581663 
1553 1658 
15501655 
11548,1653 



101 472: 

88 459 
79: 450, 
78i 449i 
440' 



63 



747' 251- 114 



734^1231! 
727 i 1224 
7231220 
7]4il2ir 

701ill98 
692 1189 
6911188 
682,1179: 



1532 1637 
1525 1630 
1521 1626 
15121617 
1499 1604 
1490 1595 
14^9 1594 
1480 1585 



434 676 11J3-1474 1579 
419 661 11581459 1564 



410| 652 
402' 644 



1149 
1141 
1134 
1127 
1118 

nil 

1110 

1108 
1107 

1087 



14501555 
1442 1547 



im 

1428 
1419 
1412 
1411 
1409 
140S 

1388 



1371 
1370 



1070 

1069 

10)213.53 
55210491350 
517 11014 1315 

499' 996(1297 



1540 
1533 
1524 
1517 
1516 
1514 
1513 



807 

785 

769 
765 

759 
7.55 

747 

'.¥ 

727 
721 
718 
710 
706 
699 
690 
685 
682 
680 



664 
657 
653 
644 
631 
622 
621 
612 

606 

591 

582 
574 
567 
560 
551 
544 
543 
541 
540 



1493 520 

1476 503 

1475 502 

1458 485 

1455 482 

14^ 447 

1402 429 



224 ROUTES ON THE OHIO & MISSISSIPPI RIVERS. 



Names of Places. 


£ 6 

c c 


c 
c 

£ . 


6 

o 
O 


U 

'5 

1-3 


s 



si 


c 
c 

4) 

£^. 

in 

£ 

a; 




G 


W 

"0. 

a 

s| 


d 

O.aj 
1— 1 




9 
3 

16 

9 

27 

8 

10 

25 

14 

6 

6 

4 

21 

8 

12 

18 

15 

32 
10 

4 

5 
13 
15 
42 
10 
20 
29 

8 
12 
10 
10 

1 

33 
34 

1 

10 
16 
21 
10 
14 

10 
10 
20 
46 
1 
5 
14 

12 
10 
16 


756 
759 
775 
784 
811 
819 
829 
854 
868 
874 
880 
884 
905 
913 
925 
943 

958 


260 
263 
279 
288 
315 
323 
333 
358 
372 
378 


123 


^48 


490 
487 
471 


987 '1288 
984 1285 
968 1269 


1393 
1390 
1374 


4^0 




126 


245 


417 




142 229 


401 


O wensboro', Ky 


151 

178 
186 
196 
221 
235 

•;^4i 


220 

193 

185 

175 

150 

136 

130 

124 

120 

99 

91 

79 

61 

46 

14 

4 



5 

18 

33 

75 

85 

105 

134 

142 

154 

164 

174 

175 

208 

242 

243 

253 

269 

290 

300 

314 

324 
334 
354 
400 
401 
406 
420 

432 
442 
458 


462, 9591260 


1365 


'm 




435' 932 1233!T338 
4271 9241225:1330 
417I 914 1215:1320 
392i 889 11901295 
378: 875 117611281 
3721 86911701275 
366! 863ill64ll269 
362 859:il60|1265 
3411 838'U39:1244 
333. 830113111236 


365 


EVANSVILLE, la 

Hendersoiiville, Ky 


357 
347 


Mt. Vernon, la 


3?,^ 


Carthage, Ky 


308 




m, 


Raleigh, Ky 


384 


247 


296 




3881 2ol 
409I 272 


?^?, 




271 




417 

429 
447 

462 


280 
292 
310 

325 

3bl 
367 
371 
376 
389 
404 
446 
456 
476 
505 
513 
525 
535 
545 
546 


263 




321 

303 

288 

256 

246 

242 

237 

224 

209 

167 

157 

137 

108 

100 

88 

78 

68 

67 

34 



1 

11 

27 

48 

58 

72 

82 


81811191224 


251 


Ciivtberiavd River, Ky 

Smithland, " 


800 
785 


uqi 

1086 


1206 
1191 

1159 
1149 
1145 
1140 
1127 
1112 
10:0 
1060 
1040 
lOU 
1003 
991 
981 
971 
970 
937 
903 
902 
892 
876 
855 
&4o 
831 

821 
811 
791 

745 
744 
739 
725 

713 

703 

687 


233 
218 


Patlucah, Ky 




Fort Massac, III 


753!l054 
7431044 


" 


Caledonia, " 

Trinity, " 


990' 494 
1000; 504 


186 
176 


Cairo, (at Mouth of Ohio R.) 
Norfolk, Mo. 


1004 
1009 
1022 
1037 
1079 
1089 
1109 


508 
513 
526 
541 
583 
593 
613 


739 
734 
721 


1040 
1035 
10?.?, 


172 
177 
130 




706 
664 
654 
634 
605 
597 
585 
575 
565 
564 
531 
497 
496 
486 
470 
449 
439 
^5 

415 


1007 
965 
955 
935 
906 
898 
886 
876 
8G6 
865 
832 
798 
797 
787 
771 
750 
740 
726 

716 
706 
686 
640 
639 
634 
620 

608 
598 
582 


205 




217 


Riddle's Point, " 


257 


Little Prairie, " 


277 




11381 642 
1146! 650 

11581 662 
1168 672 
1178' 682 


.Si>? 


Ashport, " 


314 


Osoeola, Ark 


3i!6 




336 




346 


Randolph, Tenn 


1179 
1212 
1246 
1247 
1257 
1273 
1294 
1304 
1318 

1328 
1338 
1358 
1404 
1405 
1410 
1424 

1436 
1446 
1462 


68.^ 


.347 




71b 


579 


.380 


Memphis-, Tenn 


750 613 


414 


Fort Pickering, " 


751 
761 

777 
798 
80S 
822 

832 
842 
862 

qn8 


614 
624 
640 
661 
671 
685 

695 
705 
725 
771 


415 


Norfolk, Miss 

Commerce, '" 


425 
441 


Walnut Bend, " 


462 


Peyton, " 


47'J 




486 


Sterling, Ark 




Helena, *' 


496 


Delta , Miss 


92 405 

112 as5 

158 339 

159 338 
164 333 
178 319 

190 307 


506 


Old Town. Ark 


,526 




572 


Montgomery's Point, Miss. ... 
White River, Ark 


909 
914 


772 

777 


573 

578 




928 791 
940 803 


592 


Napoleon, Ark 




Bolivar, Miss 


604 


Cypress Bend, Miss 

Yellow Bend, " 


950 
966 


81 S 
829 


200 
216 


297 
281 


614 

630 



ROUTES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 



225 



Names of Placks. 



£ (u 

o o 



Q^ 
P^ 






15 



o - 
Em a 



11 

12; 



o »! CM 
■ ^ 



Columbiii, Ark 

Point. Chicot, " 

American Bend," 

Egg's Puint, Miss 

Grand Lake Jjanding, Ark. 

Princeton, Miss 

Providence, La 

Pompkiii's Bend, " 

Milligan's Bend, " 

y^azuo River, Miss , 

VlCKSBURG, " , 

Warrenton, " , 

Cartilage, La , 

Biff Black River, Miss. . . , 
Grand Gulf, " 

Bruinsburg, " 

Rodney, " 

Natchez, " 

Vidalia, (opposite,) La 

HovLochitto River, Miss. . . 
Fort Adams, " 

Red River, La 

Tunica Bend, Miss 

St. Francisville, La. .., 
Point Coupee, (opposite) ., 

Port Hudson 

Thomas' Point , 

Baton Rouge 

Cruiy Landing , 

Iberville Bayou 

Plaquemine 

St. Gabriel Church , 

Louisiana Institute , 

Bayou Lafourche , 

DONALDSONVILLE , 

Convent du Sacrament 

Jetferson College 

Bonnet Q,uarre Church 

Red Church , 

Carrollton 

La Fayette , 

New Orleans 

Battle (.-iriiund 

l''ort St. Leon 

Fort St. Philip 

Southeast Pass 

Balizb 



1489 
1494 
1514 
1519 
1531 
1534 
1563 
15781 
1604' 
16241 
1636! 
1646: 
1655! 
1691 1 
16-92 
1702! 
1712 
1743 

1787 
1797 
1808 
1841 
1868 



993 

998 
1018 
1023 
1035 

io;« 

1067 

1082 

1108 

1128 

1140 

11501013 

1159:1022 

1195!l058 

1196; 1059 

il20ti 1069 

121611079 

124; 1110 



901 
930 
945 
971 
991 
1003 



739 



254 
249 
229 
224 
212 
209 
180 
165 
139 
119 
107 
97 



12911154 
13011164 
13121175 
134511208] 837 
1372,1235 864 



18791383 
1887 1391 
1904 1408 



1910 
1919 
1927 
1937 
1949 
1961 
1962 



1414 
1423 
1431 
1441 
1463 
1465 
1466 



19741478 
19781482 
2002 1506 
20181522 
20^11542 
204211546 
204411548 



1246 875 
1254 883 
1271 i 900 
1277: 906 
1286 915 
1294; 9231 
1304! 933 
1316: 945 
1328: 957 
1329 958 
13-11 970 
1345. 974 



2048 
2061 
2117 
2139 
2149 
10* 



1552 
1565 
1621 
1643 
1653 



1369 
1385 
1405 
1409 
1411 
1415 
1428 
1484 
1506 



998 
1014 
1034 
1038 
1040 
1044 
1057 
1113 
1135 



1516.1145 



358 
378 
390 
400 
409 
445 
446 
456 
466 
4^7 

541 

551 
562 
595 
622 

633 
641 

658 
664' 167 
6731 176 
68l| 184 
6911 194 
7031 206 
715 218 
716: 219 
728' 231 
732 235 
756i 259 
772 275 
792 
796 
798 
802 
815 
871 
893 
903 



52 
51 
41 
31 

0: 301 



660 
655 
635 
630 
618 
615 
586 
571 
545 
525 
513 
503 
494 
458 
457 
447 
437 
406 



657 
662 
682 
687 
6-99 
702 
731 
746 
772 
792 
804 
814 
823 
859 
860 
870 
880 
911 



257 
247 
236 
203 
176 

165 

157 

140 

134 

125 

117 

107 

95 

83 

82 

70 

66 

42 

26 

6 

2 



4 

17 

73 

95 

105 



362 955 
352 965 
341 I 976 
308:1009 
281|1(06 

27o!]047 
26211055 
245 1 1072 
239:1078 
2301087 
2221095 
212:1105 
2001117 
1881129 
187 11130 
1751142 
1711146 
14711170 



1186 

1206 

1210 

05 1212 

01 1216 

881229 

3211285 

1011307 

011317 



226 



ROUTES ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. 



CROTITE 621) 

Names of Places. 



0) c 



E 



O S 



ta 



^•5 



: « S c 

o c: 
*-3 ^ 









Falls of St. Anthony 

FortSnelling 7 

St. Peter's River '|_ 

Maiden's Rock j 66 

Lake Pepin ! "' 

Prairie du Chien 175 

Wisconsin River i 4 

Cuss ville, Wis 25 

Peril, " 21 

Dubuque, Iowa 

Fever River, ill 

Bellview, Iowa 

Savannah, IH 

Charleston, " 

Lyons, " 

New York, " 

Albany, " 

Rock Island 

Rock Island City 

Rock River, III 

Davenport, (opposite.) Iowa.. 
Bloomington, " .... 

New Boston, 111 

Oquawka, " 

Burlington, Iowa 

Madison, " 

Montrose. " 

Nauvoo, 111 

Keokuk, Iowa 

Des Moines River 

Warsaw, 111 4 

Q,uincy, " 34 

Hannibal. Mo 13 

Louisiana, " 20 

Clarksville, " 11 

Hamburg, 111 15 

Illinois River ; 41 

Grafton, III 2 



;2049 1.944 1643: 1146S 904 
2042 1937 1(536 liyyi 89 

IDTc'lSTl 1570 1073 831 



118011696 1395 
179/1692 1391 
17721667 1366 
1751 1646 1345 
1743 1638 1337 
17261621 1320 
17191614 1313 
17001595 1294 
11698 1593 1292 
1683 1578 1277 
16811576 1275 
1674 1569 1268 
"I " " 
1622 1517 1216 
162115161215 

!l594|1489!ll88 
1571 1466 1165 
155214471146 
1539 14341 1133 
11517 14121111 
1508 1403 1102 



898' 656 
894' 652 
869: 627 
848; 606 
840; 598 
823 581 
816 574 
797! 555 
795; 553 
780, 538 
778 536 
771 529 



732 510 

72r) 503 

659 43: 

484 262 

4h0 2:_,8 

455 233 

434 212 

426 204 

409 187 

402 180 

383 161 

381 159 



719 4771 305 
718! 476 304 

69l! 449! 277 

6681 426' 254 

649: 407 235 

636: 394: 222 

614' 372 200 

605: 363 191 



12 149613911090^ 593 351 



1492 
1458 
144.. 
l42o 
1414 



Alton, 

Missouri River 

St. Louis, Mo 

Jefferson Barracks, Mo. 

Harrison vilJe, III 

Herculaneum, Mo 

Selma, " 

St. Genevieve, " 

Kaskaskia River, III. . 
Chester, " .. 

Bainbridge, Mo... 

Cape Girardeau, '' .. 
Commerce, 



19 
o 

18 
9 

19 
2 
4 

25 

16 
45 
12 
12 
Cairo, (at Mouth of Ohio R.)' 28 



1387 1086 
1353 1052 
1340 1039 
1320 1019 
1309 1008 
13991294 993 
13o81253 952 
13561251 950 
1337 1232 931 
13351230; 929 
1317 12121 911 
130812031 902 
1289 11841 883 
12871182 881 
12831178 877 
12581153, 852 
" i "I *' 
12421137! 836 
1197105:12 791 
1185 1080i 779 
11731068: 767 
1145 1040^ 739 



179 



589 347 175 
555 313 141 
542 300 128 
522 280 108 
511 269 
496 254 
455 213 
453 211 
434 192 
432, 190 
414 172 
405 163 
3661 144 
384' 142 
380 1 1S8 
355 113 



248 
241 

175 


4 

29 
50 
58 
75 
82 
101 
103 
118 
120 
12 

179 

180i 

207 
230! 

249] 
262! 
284 
293; 



73 

248 
252 
277 
298 
306 
323 
3o0 
349 
ool 
366 
368 
375 

427 

428 

455 

478 
497 
510 
532 
541 



43 305 553 



339 
294 
282 
270 
242 



751 
120; 
40 132 
28! 144! 

Ol 1721 



47 

81 

94 
114 
12.. 
140 
181 
1K3 
202 
204 
222 
231; 493 
250! 512 
252i 514| 
256| 518 
281 543 

2971 559 

3421 604 

354 616 

366 628 

394! 656 



557 
591 
604 
624 
635 
650 
691 
693 
712 
714 
732 
741 
760 
762 
766 
791 



852 
864 
876 
904 



DISTANCES ON THE BIISSOURI RIVER, 



COUNCIL BLUFFS TO THE GULF OF MEXICO 
(Route 622) 



Names of Places. 









Sho&h'S 



11 



o - 

■- N 

(an 2 



O K 



So 



O 



Council Bluffs 

Bellview Trading-house 

Platte River 

Five-barrel Island 

Upper Oven Island 

Lower Oven Island 

Fair Sun Island 

hittle JVemahaw River 

JVishnebotna River 

Grand J^Temahaw River 

Woif River 

Mouth of JVodaway River.. 

St. Joseph 

Weston 

Fort Levenworth. 

Little Platte River 

Kansas River Landing 

Independence, Mo 

Liberty Landing 

Sibley 

Camden 

Lexington 

Grand River 

Chariton 

Boonville 

Franklin, (opposite) 

Rockport 

Mt. Vernon 

Marion 

Jefferson City 

Osage River 

Pincknev 

Griswold, (opposite) 

■ Newport 

St. Charles 

Mouth of Missouri River , 



20 



200L 

52:1950' 
67 1935! 
79! 1923' 
83! 1919: 
10d!l896i 
122:1880 
13411868! 
15911843; 
177 182.j! 
19311809! 
20711795! 
267! 17351 
2741728 
294 1708' 
304 1698 
3161686 
319:1683' 
340 1662 
359 1643 
377 1625 
427 1575 
447 1 1555 
477 i 1525 



18971596: 
1857:1556! 
18451544 
1830 1529! 
18181517! 
18141513! 
1791! 1490 
17751474 
176311462 
17381437 
17201419 
1704; 1403 
1690 1389 
16301329 
16231322 
1603! 1302 
1593! 1292 
1581 ! 1280 
1578; 12 77 
1557!l256 
15381237 
1520; 1219 
1470!ll69 
1450; 1149 
14201119 



487! 1515 1410!1109 

497; 1505 140011099 
514 148813831082 
530!l472!l367!l066 
54014621357 1056 
591141113061005 



5991403 
647 1355 
6t)7ll33o 



1298 
1250 
1230 



1099 

1059 

1047 

1032 

1020 

1016 

993 

997 

965 

940 

922 

906 

892 

832 

825 

805 

795 

783 

780 

759 

740 

722 

672 

652 

622 

612 
602 
585 
569 
559 
508 

500 
452 
432 



430 
410 

380 

370 

360 
343 

327 

317! 
266 

258 
210 

isol 



1175 

1135 

__H23 

618^1108 „,. 
6061096 1592 
6021092' 1588 



1671 
1631 
1619 
1604 



5791069 
5631053 
5511041 
526il016 

508j 998 

492 982 

478! 9681464 
418 8U8:i404 



1565 
1549 
1537 
1512 
1494 
1478 



901; 1397 
88111377 

, 871 1397 

369j 859 1355 
366 856!]352 
345! 83o!l331 
3261 816!l3)2 
798; 1294 
748 1244 
728 1224 
6981194 



1981 688 1184 
1881 678 1174 
1711 661 1157 
1551 645 1141 
145 635 1131 
94 5841080 



576 1072 
528 1024 
5081C04 



CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 



MAINE. 

CUMBERLAND AND OXFORD 

CANAL. 

Frnm Portland— I 1 |50i 

ToSebngoPond SOi 30 

Limg Pond |9ii30 I 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

BOW CANAL. 

Around Bow Falls, Merri- 
inac River 3-4 m. 1. 

Canai. ar'd Hookset Fulls.. 1-8 " 

" " Amoskeug " .. 1 " 

" " Union " .. 9 " 

" " Sea well's " ..1-4 *' 

VERMONT. 

Bellows Falls Canal 1-2 m. 1. 

There are two others, designed to 
overcome obstructions in the Con- 
necticut iliver. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

MIDDLESEX CANAL. 

Boston to Lowell 27 m. 1. 

HAMPSHIRE & HAMPDEN CANAL. 
Connecticut Line to North- 
ampton 22 m. 1. 

BLACKSTONE CANAL. 

Providence to Worcester 45 m. 1. 

MONTAGUE CANAL. 
Around Falls in Connecticut 

River 3 m. 1. 

SOUTH HADLEY CANAL. 
Around Falls at S. Hadley, 
Connecticut River 2 m. 1. 

RHODE ISLAND. 

BLACKSTONE CANAL. 
Providence to Worcester 45 m. 1. 

CONNECTICUT. 

FARMINGTON CANAL. 
From New Haven to the n'th 

line of the State 56 m. 1. 

See Hampshire and Hampden Ca- 
nal, Mass. 

ENFIELD CANAL. 
Connecticut River 5i m. 1. 



NEW YORK. 

ERIE CANAL. 

From Albany— 

To Port Schuyler 

West Troy 

Junction Champlain Canal. 

Cuhoes 

Lower Aqueduct 

Willow Springs 

Upper Aqueduct 

Schenectady 

RoUerdam 

Philip's Locks 

Amsterdam 

Schoharie Creek 

Smithtown 

Fultonville 

Big Nose 

Spraker's Basin 

Canajoharie 

Fort Plain 

St. Johnsville 

East Canada Creek 

Indian Castle 

Little Falls 

Herkimer 

Frankfort 

Utica, (Jun. Chenango C.) 

Whitesboro 

Rome, (June. Black R. C.) 

■Wood Creek Aqueduct 

Hawley 's Basin 

New London 

Higgins, (Junction Oneida 
L;ike Canal) 

Oneida Creek 

Canastota 

New Boston 

Chittenango 

Kirkviile 

Manlius 

Syracuse, (June. Oswego 
Canal) 

Geddes 

Camdius 

Canton 

Jordan 

Weedsport 

Port Byron 

Montezuma, (June, Ca- 
yuga and Seneca Canal). 

Clyde 

Lock Berlin 

Lyons 

Lockville 

Port Gibson 

Palmyra 

Wayneport , i 



6 

7 

9 

10 

13 

19 
26 
30 
39 
44 
47 
52 
54 
57 
7] 64 

2 66 

3 69 
3| 72 
5 77 

4 81 



7! 95 
6101 
9110 
4114 

ni2.; 
212: 

2129 
3,132 



4'136 
5141 
5146 
4150 
3153 
5158 
4162 



9 171 193 
2,173 191 



364 

a^s 

357 
355 

354 
351 
345 

338 
334 
325 
320 
317 
312 
310 
307 
300 
298 
295 
292 
287 
283 
281 
276 
269 
263 
254 
250 
239 
237 
235 
232 

228 
223 
218 
214 
211 
206 
202 



6|179 
5184 
6190 
6196 



185 
180 
174 
168 



3199165 

6205159 
11216148 

5 221143 
4 225 139 

6 231il33 

4 2351129 

5 240 124 
72471117 



CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 



229 



Fatrport 

Pittsford 

Rochester, (June. Gen- 
esee Valley Canal) 

Brockvvay's 

Adams' Basin 

Brockport 

Holley 

H ul berton 

Albion 

Eagle Harbor 

Knowlesville 

Medina 

Widdleport 

Gosport 

LOCKPORT 

Pendleton 

Tonawanda 

Black Rock 

Buffalo 



252 112 
2:J9 105, 



10 269 
10 279 

6284 
5289 
5294 
4^298 
b-!3U4 
3307 

4;3ii 

4315 
6,321 
5^326 
7 333 
7340 
12 352 
9 361 
3 364 



CHAMPLAIN CANAL. 



From Albany— 

To West Troy 

Junction 

Waterford 

Meclianicsvilje 

Stillwater Village.... 

Schuvlerville 

Fort Miller 

Fort Edward 

Glenn's Falls Feeder. 

Smith's Basin 

Fort Ann 

Comstock's Landing. 

W^HITEHALL 






n 





7 


2 


9 


3 


12 


8 


20 


4 


24 


12 


36 


5 


41 


81 49' 


21 51! 


6l 57 i 


4| 61- 


4' 65 


8 


73 



CHENANGO CANAL. 



From Utica— 

To Clinton 

Deansville 

O.iskany Fails . 

Boucksville 

Hamilton 

Sherburne 

North Norwich 

Norwich 

Oxford 

Hayne's Mill... 

Green 

Forks 

Port Crane 

BiNGHAMTON .. 












9 





14 





19 


5 


24 


6 


30 


11 


41 


4 


45 


6 


51 


9 


60 


10 


70 


4 


74! 


8 


821 


7 


m 


8 


97 1 



New Bridge 

Phoenix 

Fulton 

Braddock's Rapid 
Oswego 



CHEMUNG CANAL. 

From Seneca Lake— i 

To Havana 

Millport ! 6 

Fairport 7 

Elmira 6 

Corning 10 

Feeder, {.Chemung Canal.) 



33 

4 29 

10, 23 

17| 16 
10 




331 





0, 17 
7 24 
7 31 
2 33 


Ifi 


Miller's Basin 


9 


Head of Feeder 


j:j 


Corning 






CAYUGA AND SENECA CANAL. 
From Montezuma— 01 21 

To Seneca River 5 16 

Seneca Falls 5| 10 11 

Waterloo , 

Geneva 

Lateral Canal to E. Cayuga 

Village 2 

OSWEGO CANAL. 

From Syracuse— I 

To Salina 21 36 

Liverpool I 3 51 33 












5 


5 


10 


4 


14 


7 


21 


2 


23 



CROOKED LAKE CANAL. 

[From Dresden— | 0^ 0, 

iToPennYan 7i 

Crooked Lake 11 8i 

GENESEE VALLEY CANAL. 

From Rochester — I 01 0' 

To Scottsville ' o! 12 

Sackett's Basin 10 22 

Mt. Morris 15 37 

Shaker Settlement ' 4 41 

Dansville ill 52 

DELAWARE AND HUDSON CAN. 

From Eddyville — 

ToGreenkill..; 

Hornbeck's Bridge 

Head of Pond 

Harden burgh's Basin 

Rosedale 

Marble Quarries 

Mechanicsville 

Hasbrouk's Basin 

Allegerville 

Stonykill Aqueduct 

Port Jackson 

Middleport 

Port Benjamin 

Ellenville 

Penny's Basin 

Philipsport 

Beatysburg 

Sneed's Basin 

P.rownville 

Tunnel Hill 

Neversink Aqueduct 

Port Jarvis 

I Bolton 

Tucker's Aqueduct 

iCraigsville 

Barry ville 

I Delaware Dam 

Pennsvlvania Sfction. 

Mouth of Lackawaxen.... 
I Rowland ville 

Blue Eddy 

iPunch Camp 









108 





1 


107 


1 


2 


106 


1 


3 


105 


1 


4 


!04 


2 


H 


102 


2 


8 


1(K) 


1 


9 


99 


1 


10 


98 


3 


13 


95 


3 


16 


92 


1 


17 


91 


4 


21 


87 


3 


24 


84 


4 


28 


80 


4 


32 


76 


2 


H4 


74 


2 


36 


72 


a 


41 


H7 


3 


44 


64 


3 


47 


61 





52 


56 


8 


60 


48 


4 


64 


44 


7 


71 


37 


4 


75 


33 


4 


79 


29 


4 


83 


25 


1 


84 


24 


5 


89 


19 


3 


92 




4 


96 





230 



CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES, 



Jones' Rift ' 4100 8 

Newcastle I 1 lOli 7 

Beach Flat 3 104; 4 

HONESDALE I 4 108i C 

NEW JERSEY. 

MORRIS CANAL. 

From Jersey City— Ol 0102 

To Newark 10, 92 

Bloomtield 7 17 85 

Paterson 8 25 77 

Little Falls 5 30 72 

Beavertown 6 36 66 

Mi.ntville 4 40 62 

Boonton, (Jersey Iron-w'ks) 2 42 60 

Rockaway 6 48: 54 

liover 4 521 50 

Drakes ville 7 59, 43 

Feeder, (Hupatcong Luke). 3 62> 40 

Stanhope 2 64 38 

Old Andover 2 66 36 

Saxon's Falls 3 69 33 

Hackettstown 4 73 29 

Andersuiitown 7 80 22 

Port Golden 3 83 19 

Washington 2 85 17 

New Village 7 92 10 

Greenwich 6 98 

Green's Pt>nd 98 4 

Dehi ware River 2100 1 

Easton, Pa 1102 

DELAWARE AND RARITAN CANAL. 

From New Brunswick— 

To Boundbrook 

Millstone 

Gri^gstown 

Rocky Hill 

Ki ngston 

Will ill msburg 

Trenton 

Bordentowii 









43 





7 


36 


5 


12 


31 


7 


19 


24 


2 


21 


22 


2 


23 20 


3; 26 17 


11 37 6 


6 


43 






This Canal lias a navignble feeder, 
23 miles long, extending trom Trenton 
to Saxtonsville, on the Delaware riv. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 



PENNSYLVANIA CANAL, 



Central Division, 
From Columbia — 

T . Marietta , 

Baiiibridge 

Falmouth 

Middletown 

High Spire T 

Harrisburg 

Blue Mountain Gap — 

Dauphin , 

Duncan's Island 

Newport 

Millerstown 

T'hompsontown 

Mexico 



01312 
309 
303 
299 
295 
292 
28,6 
281 
278 
271 
281 
253 
248 
24] 



Mifflintown 

Ijewislown 

AVaynesbiirg 

Aiighwick Falls 

Huntingdon 

fetersbiHg 

Alexandria 

Water Street 

Yellow Springs 

Frankstown 

Hollidaysburg 

JHUghimy ir Purtage RR. 

Summit 

Wilmore 

Sunnner Hill 

Johnstown 

ffastrni Division. 

Laurel Hill Gap 

Lockport 

Chesnut Hill 

Blairsville 

Saltzburg 

Warrentown 

Leechburg 

Alleghany Aqueduct 

Freep'irt 

Tarentum 

Sharpsbnrg 

Pittsburg 



237 
22b 
209 
197 
180 
173 
166 
164 
153 
143 
146 

129 
il7 
114 



208 104 



83 

75 

16 2 3 59 

12 265 47 
10 275 37 

3 278 34 
32 

13 293 19 
12 305 7 



Susquehanna Division 
Diverges from the main line at Dun- 
can's Island, 15 miles above Har- 
risburg, and extends to Northum. 
berland, 40 miles. 

fVest Branch Division 
Extends from Northumberland to 
Farrandsville, 75 miles, to the bitu. 
minous coal region, 

JVorth Branch Division 
Extends from Northumberland to 
Lackawanna, 73 miles, reaching 
into the anthracite coal region, 

Delawnre Division 
Extends from Bristol to Easton, 60 
miles, — canal chiefly used for the 
transportation of coal. 

The Beaver Division, Erie Exten 

sioii, d-c. 

Continue the line of Canal from Pitts 

burg to Erie, a distance of 136 m. 

SCHUYLKILL NAVIGATION COM- 
PANY, 

Canals and I>ocks, producins slack 
water navigation — from Philadel. 
phia to Port Carbon, 108 miles. 

LEHIGH NAVIGATION COMPANY. 
Like the Schuylkill Navigation Co., 
is used for a descending navigation, 
—from the Great Falls to Easton 
distance, 84 miles. 



CANALS IN THE UNITED SlATES. 



231 



UNION CANAL 

Extends from Rending to Middle- 
town, on the Siisciuehanna river ; 
distance, 82 miles. 

SUSaUEHANNA CANAL 

Extends from Wrightsviile, opposite 
Ci)li)inl)i!i, Susquehanna river, to 
Hiivre de Grace, Md. ; distance, 46 
miles. 

DELAWARE. 

CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE 
CANAL. 
From Delaware City to Back Creek, 
Md. ; distance, 14 miles. 

MARYLAND. 

CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO CANAL. 

Completed from Georg-etown, D. C, 
to Hancock, 136 miles. At the 
south end it has been extended to 
Alexandria, a distance of 7i miles. 

VIRGINIA. 

JAMES RIVER CANAL 
Extends along the river from Rich- 
mond to Lynchburg ; distance, 146 
miles. 

DISMAL SWAMP CANAL 

Extends from Deep Creek to Joice's 
Creek, a branch of Pascutank riv- 
er, entering Albemarle sound, N.C. 
— ^23 miles long. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

WELDON CANAL 

Extends around the falls of the Roan- 
oke, from Weldon to Blakely, — 
length, 12 miles. 

CLUBFOOT AND HARLAW CANAL, 
Near Beaufort li m. 1. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

SANTEE CANAL 
Extends from Charleston to Santee 
river, 22 miles. 

WINYAW CANAL, 
From Winyaw bay to a branch of 
Santee river, 74 miles. 

The navigation of the Catnwha 
river has been improved by 5 short 
canals, having an aggregate length of 
m miles. 



GEORGIA. 

BRUNSWICK CANAL 
Extends from Brunswick to the Ala- 
tamaha river, 12 miles. 

ALABAMA. 

MUSCLE SHOALS CANAL 
Is designed to overccjme an obstruc- 
tion in the Tennessee river — length, 
351 miles. 

HUNTSVILLE CANAL. 
From Huntsville to Triania, on Ten 
nessee river, — length, 16 miles. 

LOUISIANA. 

BARATARIA CANAL. 
It extends from New Orleans to Bayou 
Terre Bonne, — 21 miles of canal, 
and 25 of lake and stream naviga. 
tion. 

LAKE VERRET CANAL 
Extends from La Fourche Bayou to 
Lake Verret, 9 miles. 

ORLEANS BANK CANAL 

Extends from New Orleans to Lake 

Pontchartrain, a distance of 6 miles. 

KENTUCKY. 

LOUISVILLE & PORTLAND CANAL. 

It is 2^ miles long, and sufficiently 
capacious for the passage of the 
largest steamboats, which cannot 
pass the Rapids, except in the sea- 
sons of high floods. 

Kentucky River JVavigati(m, 
Licking River J^avigation, and 
Green River J^uvigation, 
Are improvements in the above riv- 
ers, by means of locks and dams. 

OHIO. 



OHIO CANAL. 

From Cleveland— 

To Rathbun's Lock 

Mill Creek 4 

Tinker's Creek 4 

Pinery Feeder 4 

Boston 4 

Peninsula 3 

Niles 6 

Old Portage 2 

North Akron 5 

South Akron 1 

New Portage j 6 

Wolf Creek Lock I 3 



01309 
5'304 
9300 
13296 
17292 
21288 
24 285 
30 279 
32 277 

37 272 

38 271 
44 265 
47 262 



232 



CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Mills, 



52 257 

5ti 2_,3 

61248 

tio 244 

^238 

80 229 

3j 83 226 

3' 86 223 

7i 93 216 

4 97212 

2 99 210 



Clinton... 
Fnllon ... 
Wellmnn' 

Massillon 

Navarre and Bethlehem.. 

Bolivar 

Zoar 

Jennings' Bridge 

Dover 

Lockport 

Newcastle . 

Trenton ^]^JJmu 

Gnadenhutten ?|?^tH 

Port Washington • • • • I H}s Im 

Newcomerslown i " Jlo jji 

Evansburg \^t]B]% 

LewisviUe '^}^^!', 

Rascoe I 3 13-J i'4 

Adams' Mill '^Itl"^ 

Webbsport ; iliV,"*^ 

Hartford's : 'i]^^'!' 

Fru/.ersburg ., .?!'?? 



Nash port. 

Licking Dam 

Lickingtown 

Newark 

Granville Feeder 

Hebron 

Licking Summit 

Millersport 

Baltimore 

Havensport 

Carroll 

Lockville 

Waterloo 

Ray neysport 

Lock bourne 

Holmes' Landing , 

Millport and Bloomfield 

Circleville 

Westfall 

YeJUiwbud 

Deer Creek 

Anderson ville 

Clinton Mills 

Chillicothe 

Tomlinson's 

Stony Creek 

Head of Big Bottom 

Sharonville 

Waverly 

Trimble's Bridge 

Jasper 

Howard's Lock 

Cutter's Station , 

Brush Creek 

Portsmouth 



6 161 14b 
Oil 66 143 
41: 013s 
6:176 13j 

5! 181 128 
4185124 
4189120 
2; 191 118 
5196113 
6I202 10, 
2.204 105 
21206 103 
8' 209 100 
5!214; 95 
7|221' 88 
3 224 85 
4I228 81 
8; 236 73 
5l24li 68 
5 246 6r 
4i2,:0 59 
2252' 57 
4256' 53 
22.)8' 51 
6264 45 
3 267i 42 
269 40 



3 286 23 
5 291 i 18 
3:294 15 

7 30f 8 

8 309 



WALHONDING CANAL. 



From Rnscoe — 

To Cro:)ked Run Bridge ... 

Walhonding Dam , 

Warsaw , 

J)arling's Bridge 

Butler's: T,()wer Crossing ... 
Butler's Upper Oossing — 



6 If 

8 r 

11! 14 
13 12 
15 10 



Walhonding (town) ' 3] 18' 7 

Cummings' Bridge 1 3| 21 4 

Mohican Dam 2 23 2 

Rochester 1 2l 25; 



HOCKING CANAL. 

From Carroll— 

To Lancaster 

Keams' Mills , 

Rush Creek 

Green's Mill 

Hocking Falls 

Logan , 

Ptiitonsville , 

Seven-mile Run - 

Nelsonville , 

Monday Creek 

Chauiicey , 

Athens 



MIAMI CANAL. 
From Cincinnati — 

'['o Lockland 

Hamilton Side-cut 

Middletown 

Franklin 

Miamisburg 

Carrollt(jn 

Alexandria 

Dayton 

In and out of Hamilton 
Basin 









5fi 


9 


47 


5 14 


42 


2 16 


40 


6 22 


34 


5I 27 


29 


1 28 


28 


61 34j 22 


21 36' 20 


5 41 15 


3 44 12 


5 49 7 


71 56 


01 66 


Oi 12 54 


16 


281 38 


13 


41 25 


6 


47 19 


6 


53 13 


3 


56! 10 


1 


57: 9 


8 


65 


1 



MIAMI CANAL EXTENSION. 
From Dayton— 
To Tippecanoe ... 

Troy 

Piqua 

Loramie's Feeder . 

liockport 

Newport 

Berlin 

Minster 

Bremen 

St. Mary's Feeder. 
St. Mary's. 












14 


7 


21 


9 


30 


3 


i& 


3 


m 


12 


48 


rT 


5H' 


3 


56i 


a. V 


H n, 




" 



115 

101 
94 
85 
82 
79 
67 
62 
59 
=^ 
oO 



Deep Cut |13. dU 35 

Junction* I35lll5 8 

* See Wabash and Erie Canal, la. 

WARREN COUNTY CANAL. 



From Lebanon — 

To Whitehill's Mills 

Union Village Landing 

Middletown 



01 19 

4I 15 

4 8 11 

11 19 



SIDNEY FEEDER. 
From Lockport— | 0' O; 13 

To Sidney I Oj 8: 5 

Port Jefferson I 5| 131 

ST. Mary's feeder. 
From St. Mary's Feeder— 

To East Bank 

Montezuma 

Ckltna 









11 


(1 


3 


H 


7 


10 


1 


1 


ui 


d 



CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. 



233 



MirSKINGUM IMPROVEMENT. 

From Dresden— I 

To Simm's Creek I 6 

Zanesville 10 16 

THylorsville and Duncan's| 

Falls llO 26 

Rokeby and Eagleport 10 86 

M'Connellsville and Malta, i 7 43 

Windsor '10 53 

Luke's Chnte ! 5 58 

Beverly and Waterford .... !10| 68 

Lowell illl 79 

Devon's 7 86 

Marietta and Harmar .. I 5l 91 

INDIANA. 



WABASH AND ERIE CANAL. 

From Miinhattanj Ohio— 

To Toledo 

Port Miami 

Maumee City 

WaterviUe 

Otsego 

Providence 

Damascus 

Napoleon 

Florida 

Independence 

Defiance 

Junction 

Reservoir 

Antwerp 

State Line 

Indifina Division. 

State Line 

Indiana City, la 

Fairport 

Lewiston 

Fort Wayne 

Aboite 

Huntington . » 












4 


« 


12 


1 


13 


!} 


18 


7 


2o 


f) 


30 


6 


36 


8 


44 


8 


o2 


5 


f)7 


4i61| 


.4 


70 


11 


8! 


H 


84 


4 


88 











'4 


li 


fj 


3 


8, 


12 20i 


12 32 


16 


481 



Utica I 9' 571 88 

La Gros 5 62 81 

Wabash I 6 68 75 

Peru 15 83j 60 

Lewisbnrg 18 91i 52 

LOGANSPORT [8 99 44 

Amsterdam 9 108 35 

Lockporl 6 114 29 

Carrollton i 6120 23 

Delphi 5125 18 

Americus 8,133 10 

LaFayette 10|143 



WHITEWATER CANAL. 

From Lawrenceburg — 

To Hardingsburg 

Eiizabethtown 

Harrison 

New Trenton 

Brookville 

Laurel City 

Connersville. 



Cambridge 13 

ILLINOIS. 

ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN C. 

From Chicago— 

To Canalport 

Summit 

Des Plaines 

IKeepctaw 

Lockport 

.Toliet 

Dupage River 

]>resden 

Morrisiana 

Clarkson 

Marseilles 

Ottawa 

Qtica 

La Salle 

Peru 






01 


68 





2h\ 


65 


3A 


6 


62 


8 


14 


54 


6 


20 


48 


11 


31 


37 


14 


45 


23 


10 


or) 


13 



6S 






on 00 





4l 96 


8 


121 88 


10 


22! 78 


n 


271 73 


5 


321 68 


6 


38; 62 


10 


48; 52 


4 


52 48 


9 


61| 39 


4 


&5I 35 


12 


77 23 


8 


85 15 


9 


94 6 


4 


98 2 


2 


100 



THE RATES AT WHICH 
FOREIGN MONEY OR CURRENCY 



IS TAKEN AT THE CUSTOM-HOUSE, NEW YORK. 



Franc of France and Belgi 

UIl! $0 

Florin of Netherlands.. 0, 
do. of Southern States 
of Germany 0, 

Guilder of Netherlands. -0, 

Livre Tournois of France 

Lira of the Lombardo Ve- 
netian Kingdom 0. 

Lira of Sardinia 

do. of Tuscany. 

Milrea of Portugal 1, 

do. of Azores 0. 

Marc Baaeo of Hamburg 0. 

Pound Sterling of Great 
Britain 4 

Pound Sterling of theBrit- 
ish Provinces of Nova 
Scotia, New Brunswick, 



.18-6_ 

40'" 



40 

40 
.184 



1 



16 

16 
12 

35 

84 



Newfoundland, and Can- 
ada $4.00 

Pagoda of India 1.84 

Real Vellon of Spain 0.05 

do. Plate of Spain 0.10 

Rupee of British India 0.44J 

Specie Dollar of Denmark 1.05" 
Rix Dollar or Thaler of 
Prussia and the Northern 

States of Germany 0.69 

Rix Dollar of Bremen ^,78g 

Rouble, silver, of Russia. • 0.75 
Specie Dollar of Sweden 

and Norway 1 .06 

Florin of Austria 0.48§ 

Ducat of Naples 0.80 

Ounce of Sicily 2.40 

Tale of China 1.48 

Leghorn Livres 0.16 



CURRENCIES BY USAGE, 

Wlicn a Consular Certificate of the real value or Rate of Exchange is 
not attached to the Invoice, 



Current Marc $0.28 

Crown of Tuscany 1.05 

Florin of Prussia 0.22J 

do. of Basle 0.41 

Florence Livre 0.15 

Geneva Livre 0.21 

Jamaica Pound 5.00 

Leghorn Dollar > 0.90 

Livre of Catalonia 0.534 



Livre of Neufchatel $0.26^ 

Paper Rouble varies from 4 
roubles 65 copecks to 4 rou- 
bles 84 copecks to the dollar. 

Rix Dollar of Saxony 0.69 

do. Rhenish 0.60^ 

Swiss Livre 0.27 

Scuda of Malta 0.40 

Turkish Piastre 0.05 



VALUE OF FOREIGN GOLD COINS IN UNITED STATES CURRENCY. 



Sovereigns of Gr. Britain $4.83 

Doubloons, Spanish 16.00 

do. Patriot 15.60 



Napoleons $3.83 

10 Thalers 7.82 

10 Guilders 4.00 



VALUE OF AMERICAN COIN IN FOREIGN CURRENCY. 



One dollar 
Haifa dollar 
85 cen*. piece 
10 cent piece 
5 c«nt piece 



-Sterling. 

s. d. 1 

4 6 1-2] 

2 3 1-4 1 

1 1 5-8 I 

5 1-2 1 

2 3-4 



French. Gem 

fr. sous. I 
One dollar =57 ! One dollar 
Haifa dollar = 2 13 | Half a dollar 
25 cent piece =16 3-4 | 25 cent piece 
10 cent piece = 10 6-8 I 10 cent piece 
5 cent piece =05 3-8 | 5 cent piece 



guild, stiv. 
= 2 12 
= 1 6 
= 12 
= 4 7-8 
= 2 3-8 



C3// 







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